research-article

"Positive Energy": Perceptions and Attitudes Towards COVID-19 Information on Social Media in China

Authors:

Chenxinran Shen,

Margaret C. Jack,

Mor NaamanAuthors Info & Claims

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Volume 5, Issue CSCW1

Article No.: 177, Pages 1 - 25

https://doi.org/10.1145/3449251

Published: 22 April 2021 Publication History

Abstract

The COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a worldwide public health crisis. In such times of crisis, access to relevant and accurate information is critical. For many people in China, domestic social media platforms such as WeChat and Weibo have become dominant sources of COVID-19-related information and news. People have to evaluate the trustworthiness of COVID-19-related information and make sharing decisions using platforms that have to contend with government censorship policies, astroturfers, and other government interventions. We interviewed 33 Chinese WeChat users to understand how individuals were seeking COVID-19-related information and how they identified and evaluated specific COVID-19-related misinformation. This work exposes how COVID-19-related content with "positive energy" was prevalent on social media in China. A significant number of interviewees exhibited a willingness to prioritize information valence over veracity when evaluating and sharing content with others. Further, the work revealed how Chinese citizens' understanding of information ecosystems played an important role in their attitudes towards censorship and official media, and also influenced their evaluation of domestic and international information during a global crisis.

References

[1]

Julia Abelson, Fiona A Miller, and Mita Giacomini. 2009. What does it mean to trust a health system?: A qualitative study of Canadian health care values. Health policy 91, 1 (2009), 63--70.

[2]

Gordon W Allport and Leo Postman. 1946. An analysis of rumor. Public opinion quarterly 10, 4 (1946), 501--517.

[3]

Cynthia Andrews, Elodie Fichet, Yuwei Ding, Emma S. Spiro, and Kate Starbird. 2016. Keeping Up with the Tweet-Dashians: The Impact of "Official" Accounts on Online Rumoring. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (San Francisco, California, USA) (CSCW '16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 452--465. https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819986

Digital Library

[4]

Ahmer Arif, Leo Graiden Stewart, and Kate Starbird. 2018. Acting the Part: Examining Information Operations Within # BlackLivesMatter Discourse. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 2, CSCW, Article 20 (Nov. 2018), 27 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3274289

Digital Library

[5]

Alessandro Bessi, Mauro Coletto, George Davidescu, Antonio Scala, Guido Caldarelli, and Walter Quattrociocchi. 2014. Science vs Conspiracy: Collective Narratives in the Age of Misinformation. PloS one 10 (08 2014). https: //doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118093

[6]

Ladislav Bittman. 1985. The KGB and Soviet disinformation: an insider's view. Washington: Pergamon-Brassey's.

[7]

Prashant Bordia and Nicholas DiFonzo. 2004. Problem solving in social interactions on the Internet: Rumor as social cognition. Social Psychology Quarterly 67, 1 (2004), 33--49.

[8]

Uuf Brajawidagda, Akemi Takeoka Chatfield, and Christopher G. Reddick. 2015. The Imperative of Government Transparency in Crisis Communication: The Case of AirAsia QZ8501 Crash. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (Phoenix, Arizona) (dg.o '15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 51--60. https://doi.org/10.1145/2757401.2757423

Digital Library

[9]

David A Broniatowski, Amelia M Jamison, SiHua Qi, Lulwah AlKulaib, Tao Chen, Adrian Benton, Sandra C Quinn, and Mark Dredze. 2018. Weaponized health communication: Twitter bots and Russian trolls amplify the vaccine debate. American journal of public health 108, 10 (2018), 1378--1384.

[10]

Erik P. Bucy. 2003. The Interactivity Paradox: Closer to the News but Confused. Routledge, Abingdon, United Kingdom.

[11]

Theodore Caplow. 1947. Rumors in war. Social Forces 25, 3 (1947), 298--302.

[12]

Xu Chen, DBV Kaye, and Jing Zeng. 2020. # PositiveEnergy Douyin: constructing "playful patriotism" in a Chinese short-video application. In Chinese Journal of Communication. Taylor & Francis, Milton Park, United Kingdom, 1--21.

[13]

Zifeng Chen and Clyde Yicheng Wang. 2019. The Discipline of Happiness: The Foucauldian Use of the "Positive Energy" Discourse in China's Ideological Works. Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 48, 2 (2019), 201--225.

[14]

Cynthia Chew and Gunther Eysenbach. 2010. Pandemics in the age of Twitter: content analysis of Tweets during the 2009 H1N1 outbreak. PloS one 5, 11 (2010), e14118.

[15]

CNNIC. 2012. 29th Statistical Report on Internet development in China. http://research.cnnic.cn/img/h000/h12/ attach201102211453210.pdf

[16]

Munmun De Choudhury, Andrés Monroy-Hernández, and Gloria Mark. 2014. "Narco" Emotions: Affect and Desensitization in Social Media during the Mexican Drug War. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) (CHI '14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 3563--3572. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557197

Digital Library

[17]

Nicholas DiFonzo and Prashant Bordia. 2007. Rumor psychology: Social and organizational approaches. American Psychological Association, Washington, USA.

[18]

Pranav Dixit and Ryan Mac. 2018. How WhatsApp Destroyed A Village. https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ pranavdixit/whatsapp-destroyed-village-lynchings-rainpada-india

[19]

Mark Dredze, David A Broniatowski, and Karen M Hilyard. 2016. Zika vaccine misconceptions: A social media analysis. Vaccine 34, 30 (2016), 3441.

[20]

Shanshan Du. 2014. Social media and the transformation of "Chinese nationalism':"Igniting positive energy'in China since the 2012 London Olympics (Respond to this article at http://www. therai. org. uk/at/debate). Anthropology Today 30, 1 (2014), 5--8.

[21]

Edelman. 2012. Trust in Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Africa. https://issuu.com/edelmanapac/docs/trust_in_apacmea_ 2017

[22]

Ziv Epstein, Gordon Pennycook, and David Rand. 2020. Will the Crowd Game the Algorithm" Using Layperson Judgments to Combat Misinformation on Social Media by Downranking Distrusted Sources. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Honolulu, HI, USA) (CHI '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--11. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376232

Digital Library

[23]

Ashley Esarey and Qiang Xiao. 2011. Digital Communication and Political Change in China. International Journal of Communication 5 (2011), 22.

[24]

Robert Faris, Hal Roberts, Bruce Etling, Nikki Bourassa, Ethan Zuckerman, and Yochai Benkler. 2017. Partisanship, propaganda, and disinformation: Online media and the 2016 US presidential election. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/ papers.cfm?abstract_id=3019414

[25]

Martin Flintham, Christian Karner, Khaled Bachour, Helen Creswick, Neha Gupta, and Stuart Moran. 2018. Falling for Fake News: Investigating the Consumption of News via Social Media. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '18). ACM, New York, NY, USA, Article 376, 10 pages. https://doi.org/10. 1145/3173574.3173950

Digital Library

[26]

Walter Gantz and Sarah Trenholm. 1979. Why people pass on news: Motivations for diffusion. Journalism Quarterly 56, 2 (1979), 365--370.

[27]

Christine Geeng, Savanna Yee, and Franziska Roesner. 2020. Fake News on Facebook and Twitter: Investigating How People (Don't) Investigate. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Honolulu, HI, USA) (CHI '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--14. https://doi.org/10. 1145/3313831.3376784

Digital Library

[28]

Ashraf Grimwood. 2010. Denying AIDS: conspiracy theories, pseudoscience and human tragedy. AIDS care 22 (11 2010), 1436-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121003721018

[29]

Xinning Gui, Yubo Kou, Kathleen H. Pine, and Yunan Chen. 2017. Managing Uncertainty: Using Social Media for Risk Assessment during a Public Health Crisis. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI '17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 4520--4533. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025891

Digital Library

[30]

Johanna Haikarainen. 2014. Astroturfing as a Global Phenomenon. Master's thesis. University of Jyväskylä.

[31]

Rongbin Han. 2015. Defending the Authoritarian Regime Online: China's "Voluntary Fifty-Cent Army". The China Quarterly 224 (2015), 1006--1025.

[32]

Thomas Heverin and Lisl Zach. 2012. Use of Microblogging for Collective Sense-Making during Violent Crises: A Study of Three Campus Shootings. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 63, 1 (Jan. 2012), 34--47. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21685

Digital Library

[33]

Robert Hoffmann and Jeremy Larner. 2013. The demography of Chinese nationalism: A field-experimental approach. The China Quarterly (2013), 189--204.

[34]

Y. Linlin Huang, Kate Starbird, Mania Orand, Stephanie A. Stanek, and Heather T. Pedersen. 2015. Connected Through Crisis: Emotional Proximity and the Spread of Misinformation Online. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (Vancouver, BC, Canada) (CSCW '15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 969--980. https://doi.org/10.1145/2675133.2675202

Digital Library

[35]

Amanda L Hughes and Leysia Palen. 2012. The evolving role of the public information officer: An examination of social media in emergency management. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management 9, 1 (2012), 1.

[36]

Amanda L Hughes, Steve Peterson, and Leysia Palen. 2014. Social media in emergency management. in issues in disaster science and management: a critical dialogue between scientists and emergency managers. In FEMA in Higher Education Program. FEMA, Emmitsburg, USA.

[37]

D Bondy Valdovinos Kaye, Xu Chen, and Jing Zeng. 2020. The co-evolution of two Chinese mobile short video apps: Parallel platformization of Douyin and TikTok. Mobile Media & Communication (2020), 2050157920952120.

[38]

Soonhee Kim. 2016. Public Trust in Government in China and South Korea: Implications for Building Community Resilience. Chinese Public Administration Review 7, 1 (2016), 35--76.

[39]

Gary King, Jennifer Pan, and Margaret E Roberts. 2013. How Censorship in China Allows Government Criticism but Silences Collective Expression. American Political Science Review 107, 2 (2013), 326--343.

[40]

Gary King, Jennifer Pan, and Margaret E Roberts. 2014. Reverse-Engineering Censorship in China: Randomized Experimentation and Participant Observation. Science 345, 6199 (2014), 1251722.

[41]

Gary King, Jennifer Pan, and Margaret E Roberts. 2017. How the Chinese Government Fabricates Social Media Posts for Strategic Distraction, not Engaged Argument. American Political Science Review 111, 3 (2017), 484--501.

[42]

Elizabeth A Klonoff and Hope Landrine. 1999. Do blacks believe that HIV/AIDS is a government conspiracy against them? Preventive Medicine 28, 5 (1999), 451--457.

[43]

Yubo Kou, Xinning Gui, Yunan Chen, and Kathleen Pine. 2017. Conspiracy Talk on Social Media: Collective Sense-making during a Public Health Crisis. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 1, CSCW, Article 61 (Dec. 2017), 21 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3134696

Digital Library

[44]

Yubo Kou and Bonnie Nardi. 2018. Complex Mediation in the Formation of Political Opinions. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Montreal QC, Canada) (CHI '18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--15. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3174210

Digital Library

[45]

Yubo Kou, Bryan Semaan, and Bonnie Nardi. 2017. A Confucian look at Internet Censorship in China. In IFIP Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Springer, Berlin, Germany, 377--398.

[46]

Yong Ming Kow, Yubo Kou, Xitong Zhu, and Wang Hin Sy. 2019. "Just My Intuition": Awareness of Versus Acting on Political News Misinformation. In Information in Contemporary Society. iConference 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 11420. Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 469--480.

[47]

J.D. Lasica. 2003. Blogs and journalism need each other. https://niemanreports.org/articles/blogs-and-journalism-need-each-other/

[48]

David MJ Lazer, Matthew A Baum, Yochai Benkler, Adam J Berinsky, Kelly M Greenhill, Filippo Menczer, Miriam J Metzger, Brendan Nyhan, Gordon Pennycook, David Rothschild, et al. 2018. The science of fake news. Science 359, 6380 (2018), 1094--1096.

[49]

Tim Leberecht. 2010. Twitter grows up in aftermath of Haiti earthquake. https://www.cnet.com/news/twitter-grows-up-in-aftermath-of-haiti-earthquake/

[50]

Kaman Lee. 2009. How the Hong Kong government lost the public trust in SARS: Insights for government communication in a health crisis. Public Relations Review 35, 1 (2009), 74--76.

[51]

Lianjiang Li. 2004. Political trust in rural China. Modern China 30, 2 (2004), 228--258.

[52]

Charles G. Lord and Lee Ross. 1979. Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37, 11 (1979), 2098--2109.

[53]

Alex Jiahong Lu and Xuecong Xu. 2020. "Learning for the Rise of China": Exploring Uses and Gratifications of State-Owned Online Platform. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 4, CSCW1, Article 030 (May 2020), 25 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3392835

Digital Library

[54]

Zhicong Lu, Yue Jiang, Cheng Lu, Mor Naaman, and Daniel Wigdor. 2020. The Government's Dividend: Complex Perceptions of Social Media Misinformation in China. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Honolulu, HI, USA) (CHI '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--12. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376612

Digital Library

[55]

Joanne Chen Lyu. 2012. How young Chinese depend on the media during public health crises? A comparative perspective. Public Relations Review 38, 5 (2012), 799--806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2012.07.006

[56]

Ringo Ma. 2008. Spread of SARS and War-Related Rumors through New Media in China. Communication Quarterly 56, 4 (2008), 376--391. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463370802448204 arXiv:https://doi.org/10.1080/01463370802448204

[57]

Alexis Madrigal. 2013. BostonBombing: The anatomy of a misinformation disaster. https://www.theatlantic.com/ technology/archive/2013/04/-bostonbombing-the-anatomy-of-a-misinformation-disaster/275155/

[58]

Alice Marwick and Rebecca Lewis. 2017. Media manipulation and disinformation online. https://datasociety.net/ library/media-manipulation-and-disinfo-online/

[59]

John W. McHoskey. 1995. Case Closed? On the John F. Kennedy Assassination: Biased Assimilation of Evidence and Attitude Polarization. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 17, 3 (1995), 395--409. https://doi.org/10.1207/ s15324834basp1703_7

[60]

Marcelo Mendoza, Barbara Poblete, and Carlos Castillo. 2010. Twitter under crisis: Can we trust what we RT?. In Proceedings of the first workshop on social media analytics. ACM, New York, USA, 71--79.

Digital Library

[61]

Andrew C Mertha. 2014. China's Water Warriors: Citizen Action and Policy Change. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA.

[62]

Shane Miller. 2002. Conspiracy Theories: Public Arguments as Coded Social Critiques: a Rhetorical Analysis of the Twa Flight 800 Conspiracy Theories. Argumentation and Advocacy 39, 1 (2002), 40--56. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 00028533.2002.11821576 arXiv:https://doi.org/10.1080/00028533.2002.11821576

[63]

S Anne Moorhead, Diane E Hazlett, Laura Harrison, Jennifer K Carroll, Anthea Irwin, and Ciska Hoving. 2013. A New Dimension of Health Care: Systematic Review of the Uses, Benefits, and Limitations of Social Media for Health Communication. J Med Internet Res 15, 4 (23 Apr 2013), e85. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1933

[64]

Yi Mou, David Atkin, and Hanlong Fu. 2013. Predicting Political Discussion in a Censored Virtual Environment. In Political Communication in China. Routledge, Abington, United Kindgom, 87--102.

[65]

Brigitte Nerlich and Nelya Koteyko. 2011. Crying Wolf? Biosecurity and Metacommunication in the Context of the 2009 Swine Flu Pandemic. Health & place 18 (03 2011), 710--7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.02.008

[66]

BBC News. 2020. Fang Fang: The Wuhan writer whose virus diary angered China. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-52712358

[67]

A. Conrad Nied, Leo Stewart, Emma Spiro, and Kate Starbird. 2017. Alternative Narratives of Crisis Events: Communities and Social Botnets Engaged on Social Media. In Companion of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (Portland, Oregon, USA) (CSCW '17 Companion). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 263--266. https://doi.org/10.1145/3022198.3026307

Digital Library

[68]

Onook Oh, Manish Agrawal, and H Raghav Rao. 2013. Community intelligence and social media services: A rumor theoretic analysis of tweets during social crises. Mis Quarterly 37, 2 (2013), 407--426.

Digital Library

[69]

World Health Organization et al. 2020. Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports. https://www.who.int/ emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports

[70]

Leysia Palen, Kenneth M Anderson, Gloria Mark, James Martin, Douglas Sicker, Martha Palmer, and Dirk Grunwald. 2010. A vision for technology-mediated support for public participation & assistance in mass emergencies & disasters. In ACM-BCS Visions of Computer Science 2010. ACM, New York, USA, 1--12.

[71]

Leysia Palen and Sophia B. Liu. 2007. Citizen Communications in Crisis: Anticipating a Future of ICT-Supported Public Participation. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (San Jose, California, USA) (CHI '07). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 727--736. https://doi.org/10. 1145/1240624.1240736

[72]

Ambarish Pandey, Nivedita Patni, Mansher Singh, Akshay Sood, and Gayatri Singh. 2010. YouTube As a Source of Information on the H1N1 Influenza Pandemic. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 38, 3 (01 Mar 2010), e1--e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2009.11.007

[73]

Yang Peidong and Tang Lijun. 2018. "Positive Energy": Hegemonic Intervention and Online Media Discourse in China's Xi Jinping Era. China: An International Journal 16, 1 (2018), 1--22.

[74]

Julie Posetti, Ping Lo, et al. 2012. The Twitterisation of ABC's emergency and disaster communication. Australian Journal of Emergency Management, The 27, 1 (2012), 34.

[75]

Stephen D Reese and Jia Dai. 2009. Citizen Journalism in the Global News Arena: China's New Media Critics. Vol. 2. Peter Yang, New York, USA.

[76]

Thomas Rid. 2020. Active Measures: The Secret History of Disinformation and Political Warfare. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

[77]

Bryan Semaan and Gloria Mark. 2012. "facebooking" towards Crisis Recovery and beyond: Disruption as an Opportunity. In Proceedings of the ACM 2012 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (Seattle, Washington, USA) (CSCW '12). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 27--36. https://doi.org/10.1145/2145204. 2145214

Digital Library

[78]

Chengcheng Shao, Giovanni Luca Ciampaglia, Alessandro Flammini, and Filippo Menczer. 2016. Hoaxy: A platform for tracking online misinformation. In Proceedings of the 25th international conference companion on world wide web. ACM, New York, USA, 745--750.

Digital Library

[79]

Chengcheng Shao, Giovanni Luca Ciampaglia, Onur Varol, Kai-Cheng Yang, Alessandro Flammini, and Filippo Menczer. 2018. The spread of low-credibility content by social bots. Nature communications 9, 1 (2018), 1--9.

[80]

Elisa Shearer and Jeffrey Gottfried. 2017. News use across social media platforms 2017. Pew Research Center 7, 9 (2017), 2017.

[81]

Tamotsu Shibutani. 1966. Improvised news: A sociological study of rumor. Irvington Pub., Irvington, USA.

[82]

Irina Shklovski, Leysia Palen, and Jeannette Sutton. 2008. Finding Community through Information and Communication Technology in Disaster Response. In Proceedings of the 2008 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (San Diego, CA, USA) (CSCW '08). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 127--136. https://doi.org/10.1145/1460563.1460584

Digital Library

[83]

Lisa Singh, Shweta Bansal, Leticia Bode, Ceren Budak, Guangqing Chi, Kornraphop Kawintiranon, Colton Padden, Rebecca Vanarsdall, Emily Vraga, and Yanchen Wang. 2020. A first look at COVID-19 information and misinformation sharing on Twitter.

[84]

Emma S Spiro, Sean Fitzhugh, Jeannette Sutton, Nicole Pierski, Matt Greczek, and Carter T Butts. 2012. Rumoring during extreme events: A case study of Deepwater Horizon 2010. In Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM web science conference. ACM, New York, USA, 275--283.

Digital Library

[85]

Kate Starbird, Ahmer Arif, and Tom Wilson. 2019. Disinformation as collaborative work: Surfacing the participatory nature of strategic information operations. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 3, CSCW (2019), 1--26.

Digital Library

[86]

Kate Starbird, Ahmer Arif, Tom Wilson, Katherine Van Koevering, Katya Yefimova, and Daniel Scarnecchia. 2018. Ecosystem or echo-system? exploring content sharing across alternative media domains. In Twelfth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, Menlo Park, USA, 1--10.

[87]

Kate Starbird and Leysia Palen. 2010. Pass it on?: Retweeting in mass emergency. In Proceedings of the 7th International ISCRAM Conference--Seattle. Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management, Seattle, USA.

[88]

Kate Starbird, Emma Spiro, Isabelle Edwards, Kaitlyn Zhou, Jim Maddock, and Sindhuja Narasimhan. 2016. Could This Be True? I Think So! Expressed Uncertainty in Online Rumoring. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (San Jose, California, USA) (CHI '16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 360--371. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858551

Digital Library

[89]

Statista. 2018. Social Network Users in Leading Markets 2023 | Statistic. https://www.statista.com/statistics/278341/ number-of-social-network-users-in-selected-countries/

[90]

Anselm Strauss and Juliet M Corbin. 1997. Grounded Theory in Practice. Sage, Thousand Oaks, USA.

[91]

Zixue Tai and Tao Sun. 2007. Media dependencies in a changing media environment: the case of the 2003 SARS epidemic in China. New Media & Society 9, 6 (2007), 987--1009. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444807082691 arXiv:https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444807082691

[92]

K Cohen Tan and Shuxin Cheng. 2020. Sang subculture in post-reform China. Global Media and China 5, 1 (2020), 86--99.

[93]

Neil J Thurman. 2008. Forums for citizen journalists? Adoption of user generated content initiatives by online news media:. New Media & Society 10, 1 (2008), 139--157.

[94]

The New York Times. 2020. In Coronavirus, China Weighs Benefits of Buffalo Horn and Other Remedies. https: //www.nytimes.com/2020/02/05/world/asia/coronavirus-traditional-chinese-medicine.html

[95]

Xinyuan Wang. 2016. Social Media in Industrial China. UCL Press, London, United Kingdom.

[96]

Yiran Wang and Gloria Mark. 2013. Trust in Online News: Comparing Social Media and Official Media Use by Chinese Citizens. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (San Antonio, Texas, USA) (CSCW '13). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 599--610. https://doi.org/10.1145/2441776. 2441843

Digital Library

[97]

Shengnan Yang, Pei-Ying Chen, Patrick C Shih, Jeffrey Bardzell, and Shaowen Bardzell. 2017. Cross-strait frenemies: Chinese netizens vpn in to facebook taiwan. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 1, CSCW (2017), 1--22.

Digital Library

[98]

Sarita Yardi and Danah Boyd. 2010. Dynamic Debates: An Analysis of Group Polarization Over Time on Twitter. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 30, 5 (2010), 316--327.

[99]

Chi Zhang. 2018. WeChatting American Politics: Misinformation, Polarization, and Immigrant Chinese Media. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8FB6KCR

[100]

Marvin Zonis and Craig M. Joseph. 1994. Conspiracy Thinking in the Middle East. Political Psychology 15, 3 (1994), 443--459. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3791566

Cited By

Seelam APaul Choudhury ALiu CGoay MBali KVashistha A(2024)"Fact-checks are for the Top 0.1%": Examining Reach, Awareness, and Relevance of Fact-Checking in Rural IndiaProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36373338:CSCW1(1-34)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3637333
Xu JJin JLiu C(2024)Vicarious Acquisition of Learned Helplessness During the COVID-19 Campus Epidemics in China: Interactions Between Embodied and Mediated ExperiencesHealth Communication10.1080/10410236.2024.2421613(1-12)Online publication date: 28-Oct-2024
https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2024.2421613
Mills KNiu DSalameh MQiu WHan FLiu PZhang JLu WJui SWilliams BChen YNeville J(2023)AIO-PProceedings of the Thirty-Seventh AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Thirty-Fifth Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Thirteenth Symposium on Educational Advances in Artificial Intelligence10.1609/aaai.v37i8.26101(9180-9189)Online publication date: 7-Feb-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1609/aaai.v37i8.26101
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

"Positive Energy": Perceptions and Attitudes Towards COVID-19 Information on Social Media in China
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)
    1. Empirical studies in HCI

Recommendations

Fake News on Facebook and Twitter: Investigating How People (Don't) Investigate
CHI '20: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

With misinformation proliferating online and more people getting news from social media, it is crucial to understand how people assess and interact with low-credibility posts. This study explores how users react to fake news posts on their Facebook or ...
The diffusion of misinformation on social media

This study examines dynamic communication processes of political misinformation on social media focusing on three components: the temporal pattern, content mutation, and sources of misinformation. We traced the lifecycle of 17 popular political rumors ...
Are Mutated Misinformation More Contagious? A Case Study of COVID-19 Misinformation on Twitter
WebSci '22: Proceedings of the 14th ACM Web Science Conference 2022

The spread of online misinformation has become a major global risk. Understanding how misinformation propagates on social media is vital. While prior studies suggest that the content factors, such as emotion and topic in texts, are closely related to the ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction Volume 5, Issue CSCW1

CSCW

April 2021

5016 pages

EISSN:2573-0142

DOI:10.1145/3460939

Editor:
Jeff Nichols
Apple Inc., United States

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2021 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 22 April 2021

Published in PACMHCI Volume 5, Issue CSCW1

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

12
Total Citations
View Citations
820
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)140
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)15

Reflects downloads up to 01 Nov 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Seelam APaul Choudhury ALiu CGoay MBali KVashistha A(2024)"Fact-checks are for the Top 0.1%": Examining Reach, Awareness, and Relevance of Fact-Checking in Rural IndiaProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36373338:CSCW1(1-34)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3637333
Xu JJin JLiu C(2024)Vicarious Acquisition of Learned Helplessness During the COVID-19 Campus Epidemics in China: Interactions Between Embodied and Mediated ExperiencesHealth Communication10.1080/10410236.2024.2421613(1-12)Online publication date: 28-Oct-2024
https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2024.2421613
Mills KNiu DSalameh MQiu WHan FLiu PZhang JLu WJui SWilliams BChen YNeville J(2023)AIO-PProceedings of the Thirty-Seventh AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Thirty-Fifth Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Thirteenth Symposium on Educational Advances in Artificial Intelligence10.1609/aaai.v37i8.26101(9180-9189)Online publication date: 7-Feb-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1609/aaai.v37i8.26101
Wang MPeng X(2023)Publicity governance in contingency management during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: A “Government-Society” perspectivePLOS ONE10.1371/journal.pone.029321018:11(e0293210)Online publication date: 10-Nov-2023
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293210
Ankrah ECibrian FSilva LTavakoulnia ABeltran JSchuck SLakes KHayes G(2023)Me, My Health, and My Watch: How Children with ADHD Understand Smartwatch Health DataACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction10.1145/357700830:4(1-25)Online publication date: 12-Sep-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3577008
Tuli SJha N(2023)AccelTran: A Sparsity-Aware Accelerator for Dynamic Inference With TransformersIEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems10.1109/TCAD.2023.327399242:11(4038-4051)Online publication date: 8-May-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TCAD.2023.3273992
Low JFung BIqbal F(2023)Of Stances, Themes, and Anomalies in COVID-19 Mask-Wearing TweetsIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2023.329855711(87009-87033)Online publication date: 2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3298557
Guo L(2023)Nudging, Positive and Negative, on China’s InternetNudging Choices Through Media10.1007/978-3-031-26568-6_8(159-172)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2023
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26568-6_8
Aslani NBehmanesh ADavoodi FGaravand AShams R(2022)Infodemic Challenges During COVID-19 Pandemic and the Strategies to Deal with Them: A Review ArticleArchives of Clinical Infectious Diseases10.5812/archcid-12702217:1Online publication date: 4-Jul-2022
https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-127022
Li SLiu CWu ZMa YChen BGao SChen ZXin S(2022)The Impact of Perceptions of Positive COVID-19 Information on Travel Motivation and Intention: Evidence From Chinese University StudentsFrontiers in Psychology10.3389/fpsyg.2022.87133013Online publication date: 31-Mar-2022
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.871330
Show More Cited By

View Options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Article

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents