research-article

Write, Attend and Spell: Streaming End-to-end Free-style Handwriting Recognition Using Smartwatches

Authors:

JiaZhen JingAuthors Info & Claims

Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, Volume 5, Issue 3

Article No.: 138, Pages 1 - 25

https://doi.org/10.1145/3478100

Published: 14 September 2021 Publication History

Abstract

Text entry on a smartwatch is challenging due to its small form factor. Handwriting recognition using the built-in sensors of the watch (motion sensors, microphones, etc.) provides an efficient and natural solution to deal with this issue. However, prior works mainly focus on individual letter recognition rather than word recognition. Therefore, they need users to pause between adjacent letters for segmentation, which is counter-intuitive and significantly decreases the input speed. In this paper, we present 'Write, Attend and Spell' (WriteAS), a word-level text-entry system which enables free-style handwriting recognition using the motion signals of the smartwatch. First, we design a multimodal convolutional neural network (CNN) to abstract motion features across modalities. After that, a stacked dilated convolutional network with an encoder-decoder network is applied to get around letter segmentation and output words in an end-to-end way. More importantly, we leverage a multi-task sequence learning method to enable handwriting recognition in a streaming way. We construct the first sequence-to-sequence handwriting dataset using smartwatch. WriteAS can yield 9.3% character error rate (CER) on 250 words for new users and 3.8% CER for words unseen in the training set. In addition, WriteAS can handle various writing conditions very well. Given the promising performance, we envision that WriteAS can be a fast and accurate input tool for smartwatch.

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Cited By

Tan YTran TLin SZhao FNg YMa DKo JBalan R(2024)How is our mobility affected as we age? Findings from a 934 users field study of older adults conducted in an urban Asian cityProceedings of the Behavior Transformation by IoT International Workshop10.1145/3662008.3662016(27-32)Online publication date: 3-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3662008.3662016
Zhang QLan YGuo KWang D(2024)Lipwatch: Enabling Silent Speech Recognition on Smartwatches using Acoustic SensingProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/36596148:2(1-29)Online publication date: 15-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3659614
Zhang QLiu KWang D(2024)Sensing to Hear through MemoryProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/36595988:2(1-31)Online publication date: 15-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3659598
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Index Terms

Write, Attend and Spell: Streaming End-to-end Free-style Handwriting Recognition Using Smartwatches
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Ubiquitous and mobile computing
    1. Ubiquitous and mobile computing systems and tools

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cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies

Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies Volume 5, Issue 3

Sept 2021

1443 pages

EISSN:2474-9567

DOI:10.1145/3486621

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Published: 14 September 2021

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Cited By

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https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3662008.3662016
Zhang QLan YGuo KWang D(2024)Lipwatch: Enabling Silent Speech Recognition on Smartwatches using Acoustic SensingProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/36596148:2(1-29)Online publication date: 15-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3659614
Zhang QLiu KWang D(2024)Sensing to Hear through MemoryProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/36595988:2(1-31)Online publication date: 15-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3659598
Zeng JZhang GYuan JLi YJin D(2024)Empowering Predictive Modeling by GAN-based Causal Information LearningACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology10.1145/365261015:3(1-19)Online publication date: 17-May-2024
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Wang SZhong LFu YChen LRen JZhang Y(2024)UFaceProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/36435468:1(1-27)Online publication date: 6-Mar-2024
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Chang ZZhang FXiong JChen WZhang DGanesan DLane NShi W(2024)MSense: Boosting Wireless Sensing Capability Under Motion InterferenceProceedings of the 30th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking10.1145/3636534.3649350(108-123)Online publication date: 29-May-2024
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Zhan LXiong TZhang HGuo SChen XGong JLin JQin Y(2024)TouchEditorProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/36314547:4(1-29)Online publication date: 12-Jan-2024
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Duan DChen YXu WLi T(2024)EarSEProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/36314477:4(1-33)Online publication date: 12-Jan-2024
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