research-article

Open access

"Be Gay, Do Crimes": The Co-Production and Activist Potential of Contemporary Fanzines

Authors:

Alyse Marie Allred,

Colin M. GrayAuthors Info & Claims

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Volume 5, Issue CSCW2

Article No.: 376, Pages 1 - 35

https://doi.org/10.1145/3479520

Published: 18 October 2021 Publication History

Abstract

Online creative communities are increasingly a space for marginalized groups to build solidarity and engage in activist work, encouraging the exploration and articulation of intersectionally-marginalized identities through processes of creative production. One such context for creative production includes community-driven sites such as Archive of Our Own, which by their design are intended to leverage and effectively support voices that are marginalized on other social platforms. In this paper, we build upon work on creative production and fan communities to further describe the work of fanart and fanzine collectives. We share the results of 1) an interview study with fanzine producers and 2) a two month remote co-design study where we further explored fanzine culture and the potential of future archival support. We used a range of qualitative methods to investigate themes of activism co-production in relation to the fanzine work of these producers, seeking to identify characteristic barriers and opportunities for community support as these artists seek to promote their work, encourage the co-production of work with other artists, and navigate the constantly shifting legal landscape associated with fanart. We conclude with implications for creative community support that amplify marginalized voices and facilitate archival work at the intersection of visual art, folksonomy, and legality.

References

[1]

[n.d.]. History of Media Fanzines. https://fanlore.org/wiki/History_of_Media_Fanzines

[2]

Camille Bacon-Smith. 1992. Enterprising women : television fandom and the creation of popular myth. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. 91029875

[3]

Shaowen Bardzell. 2010. Feminist HCI: taking stock and outlining an agenda for design (CHI '10). ACM, 1301--1310.

[4]

Shaowen Bardzell, Jeffrey Bardzell, Jodi Forlizzi, John Zimmerman, and John Antanitis. 2012. Critical Design and Critical Theory: The Challenge of Designing for Provocation. In Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference (Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom) (DIS '12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 288--297. https://doi.org/10.1145/2317956.2318001

Digital Library

[5]

Chelsea Fay Baumgartner. 2019. Bodies of Knowledge: Politics of Archive, Disability, and Fandom. Canadian journal of disability studies, Vol. 8, 2 (2019), 221--246.

[6]

H. Russell Bernard. 2011a. Interviewing: Unstructured and Semi-Structured. In Research Methods in Anthropology 5 ed.). AltaMira Press, Chapter 8, 156--186.

[7]

H. Russell Bernard. 2011b. Nonprobability Sampling and Choosing Informants. In Research Methods in Anthropology 5 ed.). AltaMira Press, Chapter 7, 143--155.

[8]

Danah m Boyd and Nicole B Ellison. 2007. Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship. Journal of computer-mediated communication: JCMC, Vol. 13, 1 (Oct. 2007), 210--230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083--6101.2007.00393.x

[9]

Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2006. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, Vol. 3, 2 (2006), 77--101.

[10]

Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2019. Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, Vol. 11, 4 (Aug. 2019), 589--597. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806

[11]

Joseph Brennan. 2013. Slash manips: Remixing popular media with gay pornography. M/C Journal, Vol. 16, 4 (2013).

[12]

Lyndsay Brown. 2013. Pornographic Space-Time and the Potential of Fantasy in Comics and Fan Art. Transformative works and cultures, Vol. 13 (2013), 39.

[13]

Amy S Bruckman, Kurt Luther, and Casey Fiesler. 2015. When Should We Use Real Names in Published Accounts of Internet Research? In Digital research confidential : the secrets of studying behavior online, Eszter Hargittai and Christian Sandvig (Eds.). The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Chapter 11, 243--258.

[14]

Julia Bullard. 2016. Motivating Invisible Contributions: Framing Volunteer Classification Design in a Fanfiction Repository. In GROUP '16 Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Supporting Group Work. ACM, Sanibel Island, FL, USA, 181--193. https://doi.org/10.1145/2957276.2957295

Digital Library

[15]

Julia Bullard. 2018. Curated Folksonomies: Three Implementations of Structure through Human Judgment. Knowledge organization, Vol. 45, 8 (2018), 643--652.

[16]

Catherine Burwell. 2015. You Know You Love Me: Gossip Girl fanvids and the amplification of emotion. Feminist Media Studies, Vol. 15, 2 (2015), 306--323.

[17]

Fabio Calefato, Giuseppe Iaffaldano, Filippo Lanubile, and Federico Maiorano. 2018. Investigating Crowd Creativity in Online Music Communities. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., Vol. 2, CSCW (Nov. 2018), 1--21. https://doi.org/10.1145/3274296

Digital Library

[18]

Julie Campbell, Cecilia Aragon, Katie Davis, Sarah Evans, Abigail Evans, and David Randall. 2016. Thousands of Positive Reviews: Distributed Mentoring in Online Fan Communities. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing - CSCW '16. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 689--702. https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2819934

Digital Library

[19]

Ruijia Cheng, Maysnow Liu, Ziwen Zeng, and Steven P Dow. 2020. Critique Me: Exploring How Creators Publicly Request Feedback in an Online Critique Community. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 3, CSCW (2020). https://programs.sigchi.org/cscw/2020/program/content/41581

Digital Library

[20]

Marjorie Cohee Manifold. 2009. What Art Educators Can Learn from the Fan-based Artmaking of Adolescents and Young Adults. Studies in Art Education, Vol. 50, 3 (2009), 257--271.

[21]

Francesca Coppa and Rebecca Tushnet. 2011. How to Suppress Women's Remix. Camera obscura (Durham, NC), Vol. 26, 2 (2011), 131--138.

[22]

Crystal Rose Lending Library. [n.d.]. Crystal Rose Lending Library. https://crystalroselendinglibrary.com/

[23]

Abigail De Kosnik. 2009. Should Fan Fiction Be Free? Cinema journal, Vol. 48, 4 (2009), 118--124.

[24]

Abigail De Kosnik. 2016. Rogue archives : digital cultural memory and media fandom. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA. https://ieeexplore-ieee-org.ezproxy.lib.purdue.edu/book/7845160

[25]

Michael A Devito, Ashley Marie Walker, Jeremy Birnholtz, Kathryn Ringland, Kathryn Macapagal, Ashley Kraus, Sean Munson, Calvin Liang, and Herman Saksono. 2019. Social Technologies for Digital Wellbeing Among Marginalized Communities. In Conference Companion Publication of the 2019 on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (Austin, TX, USA) (CSCW '19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 449--454. https://doi.org/10.1145/3311957.3359442

Digital Library

[26]

Michaelanne Dye, Neha Kumar, Ari Schlesinger, Marisol Wong-Villacres, Morgan G Ames, Rajesh Veeraraghavan, Jacki O'Neill, Joyojeet Pal, and Mary L Gray. 2018. Solidarity Across Borders: Navigating Intersections Towards Equity and Inclusion. In Companion of the 2018 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (Jersey City, NJ, USA) (CSCW '18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 487--494. https://doi.org/10.1145/3272973.3273007

Digital Library

[27]

Brianna Dym, Jed Brubaker, and Casey Fiesler. 2018a. ?theyre all trans sharon": Authoring Gender in Video Game Fan Fiction. the international journal of computer game research, Vol. 18, 3 (Dec. 2018). http://gamestudies.org/1803/articles/brubaker_dym_fiesler

[28]

Brianna Dym, Jed R. Brubaker, Casey Fiesler, and Bryan Semaan. 2019. ?Coming Out Okay": Community Narratives for LGBTQ Identity Recovery Work. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., Vol. 3, CSCW, Article 154 (Nov. 2019), 28 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359256

Digital Library

[29]

Brianna Dym, Ruby Davis, Cecilia Aragon, Casey Fiesler, and Julia Bullard. 2018b. Online Fandom: Boldly Going Where Few CSCW Researchers Have Gone Before. In CSCW 2018 Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing. ACM, Jersey City, NJ, USA. https://doi.org/10.1145/3272973.3274542

Digital Library

[30]

Brianna Dym and Casey Fiesler. 2018. Generations, migrations, and the future of fandom's private spaces. Transformative works and cultures, Vol. 28 (2018).

[31]

Brianna Dym and Casey Fiesler. 2020. Ethical and privacy considerations for research using online fandom data. Transformative works and cultures, Vol. 33 (June 2020). https://doi.org/10.3983/twc.2020.1733

[32]

Escapade. [n.d.]. Escapade Zine Library. https://escapadecon.net/escapade-zine-library

[33]

Sarah Evans, Katie Davis, Abigail Evans, Julie Ann Campbell, David P Randall, Kodlee Yin, and Cecilia Aragon. 2017. More Than Peer Production: Fanfiction Communities as Sites of Distributed Mentoring. In CSCW '17 Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing. 259--272. https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998342

Digital Library

[34]

fanlore. [n.d.] a. Fanzine Reading Room. https://fanlore.org/wiki/Fanzine_Reading_Room

[35]

fanlore. [n.d.] b. Open Letters to Star Wars Zine Publishers (1981). https://fanlore.org/wiki/Open_Letters_to_Star_Wars_Zine_Publishers_(1981)

[36]

fanlore. [n.d.] c. The K/S Library. https://fanlore.org/wiki/The_K/S_Library

[37]

fanlore. [n.d.] d. The Snappening. https://fanlore.org/wiki/The_Snappening

[38]

fanlore. [n.d.] e. Timeline of Major Fandom Purges, Restrictions, and Hassles Regarding Fanworks and Their Content. https://fanlore.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Major_Fandom_Purges,_Restrictions,_and_Hassles_Regarding_Fanworks_and_Their_Content

[39]

Mark Fenster. 1993. Queer punk fanzines: Identity, community, and the articulation of homosexuality and hardcore. Journal of Communication Inquiry, Vol. 17, 1 (1993), 73--94.

[40]

Casey Fiesler and Amy S Bruckman. 2014. Remixers' understandings of fair use online. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing - CSCW '14. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 1023--1032. https://doi.org/10.1145/2531602.2531695

Digital Library

[41]

Casey Fiesler and Amy S. Bruckman. 2019. Creativity, Copyright, and Close-Knit Communities: A Case Study of Social Norm Formation and Enforcement. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 3 (2019). Issue GROUP.

[42]

Casey Fiesler and Brianna Dym. 2020. Moving Across Lands: Online Platform Migration in Fandom Communities. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., Vol. 4, CSCW1 (May 2020), 1--25. https://doi.org/10.1145/3392847

Digital Library

[43]

Casey Fiesler, Shannon Morrison, and Amy S Bruckman. 2016. An archive of their own: A case study of feminist HCI and values in design. In Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. ACM, San Jose, California, USA, 2574--2585. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858409

Digital Library

[44]

Casey Fiesler, Shannon Morrison, R. Benjamin Shapiro, and Amy Bruckman. 2017. Growing Their Own: Legitimate Peripheral Participation for Computational Learning in an Online Fandom Community (CSCW '17). ACM, 1375--1386.

[45]

Diana Floegel. 2020. ?Write the story you want to read": world-queering through slash fanfiction creation. Journal of documentation, Vol. 76, 4 (2020), 785--805.

[46]

Electronic Frontier Foundation. 2019. What Tumblr's Ban on 'Adult Content' Actually Did. https://www.eff.org/tossedout/tumblr-ban-adult-content

[47]

Katharina Freund. 2016. ?Fair use is legal use": Copyright negotiations and strategies in the fan-vidding community. New Media & Society, Vol. 18, 7 (2016), 1347--1363.

[48]

Katharina Freund. 2018. Becoming a Part of the Storytelling. In A Companion to Media Fandom and Fan Studies. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ, USA, 207--223.

[49]

Oliver L Haimson, Avery Dame-Griff, Elias Capello, and Zahari Richter. 2019. Tumblr was a trans technology: the meaning, importance, history, and future of trans technologies. Feminist media studies (2019), 1--17.

[50]

Karen Hellekson. 2009. A Fannish Field of Value: Online Fan Gift Culture. Cinema Journal, Vol. 48, 4 (2009), 27. https://doi.org/10.1353/cj.0.0140

[51]

Karen Hellekson. 2015. Making Use Of: The Gift, Commerce, and Fans. Cinema journal, Vol. 54, 3 (2015), 125--131.

[52]

Karen Hellekson and Kristina Busse. 2014. The Fan Fiction Studies Reader .University of Iowa Press, Iowa.

[53]

Julie S Hui, Matthew W Easterday, and Elizabeth M Gerber. 2018. Distributed Apprenticeship in Online Communities. Human-Computer Interaction (May 2018), 1--51. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370024.2018.1469409

[54]

Mizuko Ito. 2011. Machinima in a Fanvid Ecology. Journal of Visual Culture, Vol. 10, 1 (2011), 51--54.

[55]

Gita Jackson. 2018. It Used To Be Perilous To Write Fanfiction. https://kotaku.com/it-used-to-be-perilous-to-write-fanfiction-1826083509

[56]

Henry Jenkins. 2013. Textual Poachers: Television Fans and Participatory Culture updated twentieth anniversary ed. ed.). Routledge Ltd, London.

[57]

Henry Jenkins. 2019. ?Art Happens not in Isolation, But in Community': The Collective Literacies of Media Fandom. Cultural Science Journal, Vol. 11, 1 (2019), 78--88.

[58]

Shannon Fay Johnson. 2014. Fan fiction Metadata Creation and Utilization within Fan Fiction Archives: Three Primary Models. Transformative works and cultures, Vol. 17 (2014), 34.

[59]

Brian L Jones. 2015. Collective Learning Resources: Connecting Social-Learning Practices in Deviantart to Art Education. Studies in Art Education, Vol. 56, 4 (July 2015), 341--354. https://doi.org/10.1080/00393541.2015.11518975

[60]

Maria Jose and John Tenuto. 2014. Spockanalia -- The First Star Trek Fanzine. https://www.startrek.com/article/spockanalia-the-first-star-trek-fanzine

[61]

Nancy Kippax. 2008. Producing a Fanzine in the Before-Time - Reminisce With Me - LiveJournal. https://njpax.livejournal.com/3562.html

[62]

Yubo Kou and Colin M Gray. 2017. Supporting Distributed Critique through Interpretation and Sense-Making in an Online Creative Community. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 1, CSCW (Dec. 2017), 60. https://doi.org/10.1145/3134695

Digital Library

[63]

Steinar Kvale and Svend Brinkmann. 2008. Interview Variations 2 ed.). SAGE, 143--160.

[64]

Shannon Liao. 2019. After the porn ban, Tumblr users have ditched the platform as promised. https://www.theverge.com/2019/3/14/18266013/tumblr-porn-ban-lost-users-down-traffic

[65]

Yvonna S Lincoln and Egon G Guba. 1985. Doing What Comes Naturally .SAGE, 187--220.

[66]

Jessa Lingel. 2017. Digital Countercultures and the Struggle for Community .MIT Press.

[67]

Thomas Ludwig, Volkmar Pipek, and Peter Tolmie. 2018. Designing for Collaborative Infrastructuring: Supporting Resonance Activities. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., Vol. 2, CSCW (Nov. 2018), 1--29. https://doi.org/10.1145/3274382

Digital Library

[68]

Kurt Luther and Amy Bruckman. 2008. Leadership in online creative collaboration. In Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work (San Diego, CA, USA) (CSCW '08). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 343--352. https://doi.org/10.1145/1460563.1460619

Digital Library

[69]

Kurt Luther, Jari-Lee Tolentino, Wei Wu, Amy Pavel, Brian P Bailey, Maneesh Agrawala, Björn Hartmann, and Steven P Dow. 2015. Structuring, Aggregating, and Evaluating Crowdsourced Design Critique. In CSCW '17: Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (New York, NY). SIGCHI, ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction, New York, New York, USA, 473--485. https://doi.org/10.1145/2675133.2675283

Digital Library

[70]

Haley Macleod, Ben Jelen, Annu Prabhakar, Lora Oehlberg, Katie Siek, and Kay Connelly. 2017. A Guide to Using Asynchronous Remote Communities (ARC) for Researching Distributed Populations. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Pervasive Health and Technology, Vol. 3, 11 (2017). http://search.proquest.com/docview/2306319444/

[71]

Marjorie Cohee Manifold. 2009. Fanart as craft and the creation of culture. International Journal of Education through Art, Vol. 5, 1 (2009), 7--21.

[72]

Marjorie Cohee Manifold. 2013. Enchanting Tales and Imagic Stories: The Educational Benefits of Fanart Making. Art Education: Talking, Vol. 66, 6 (2013), 12--19.

[73]

Jennifer Marlow and Laura Dabbish. 2014. From rookie to all-star: professional development in a graphic design social networking site. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing. 922--933.

Digital Library

[74]

Declan McCullagh. 2007. Mass deletion sparks LiveJournal revolt. https://www.cnet.com/news/mass-deletion-sparks-livejournal-revolt/

[75]

Nora McDonald, Sarita Schoenebeck, and Andrea Forte. 2019. Reliability and Inter-rater Reliability in Qualitative Research: Norms and Guidelines for CSCW and HCI Practice. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact., Vol. 3, CSCW (Nov. 2019), 1--23. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359174

Digital Library

[76]

N-Maulina. 2015. Tinker's Art Game. https://www.deviantart.com/n-maulina/art/Tinker-s-Art-Game-578442434

[77]

National Library of Australia. [n.d.]. Susan Smith-Clarke Fanzine Collection. http://www.nla.gov.au/collect/s-clarke.html

[78]

Abby Ohlheiser. 2018. Before Tumblr announced plan to ban adult content, it was a safe space for exploring identity. https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2018/12/04/before-tumblr-banned-adult-content-it-was-safe-space-exploring-identity/

[79]

Rivka Oxman. 1990. Prior knowledge in design: a dynamic knowledge-based model of design and creativity. Design Studies, Vol. 11, 1 (Jan. 1990), 17--28. https://doi.org/10.1016/0142--694X(90)90011-Z

[80]

Tyler Pace, Katie O'Donnell, Natalie DeWitt, Shaowen Bardzell, and Jeffrey Bardzell. 2013a. From organizational to community creativity: paragon leadership & creativity stories at etsy. In Proceedings of the 2013 conference on computer supported cooperative work. 1023--1034.

Digital Library

[81]

Tyler Pace, Austin Toombs, Shad Gross, Tony Pattin, Jeffrey Bardzell, and Shaowen Bardzell. 2013b. A tribute to Mad skill: expert amateur visuality and world of Warcraft Machinima. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '13 (Paris, France). ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2466267

Digital Library

[82]

Michael Quinn Patton. 2001. Sampling Strategies 3 ed.). Sage, 243--244.

[83]

Michael Quinn Patton. 2014. Qualitative research and evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice 4th ed.). London, UK, Sage.

[84]

Daniel Rees Lewis, Emily Harburg, Elizabeth Gerber, and Matthew Easterday. 2015. Building Support Tools to Connect Novice Designers with Professional Coaches. In Proceedings of the 2015 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Creativity and Cognition - C&C '15. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 43--52. https://doi.org/10.1145/2757226.2757248

Digital Library

[85]

Eli Rosenberg. 2018. Tumblr's nudity ban removes one of the last major refuges for pornography on social media. https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2018/12/04/tumblrs-nudity-crackdown-means-pornography-will-be-harder-find-its-platform-than-nazi-propaganda/

[86]

Johnny Salda n a. 2009. The coding manual for qualitative researchers .Sage, London ; Thousand Oaks, Calif. 2008931307

[87]

Elizabeth B.-N Sanders and Pieter Jan Stappers. 2008. Co-creation and the new landscapes of design. CoDesign, Vol. 4, 1 (2008), 5--18. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15710880701875068

[88]

Gareth Schott and Andrew Burn. 2004. Art (re) production as an expression of collective agency within Oddworld Fan-culture. Works & Days, Capitalizing on Play: Politicized Readings of the Computer Game Industry, Vol. 22, 1 (2004), 251--274.

[89]

Suzanne Scott. 2015. The Hawkeye Initiative: Pinning Down Transformative Feminisms in Comic-Book Culture through Superhero Crossplay Fan Art. Cinema journal, Vol. 55, 1 (2015), 150--160.

[90]

Burr Settles and Steven Dow. 2013. Let's get together: the formation and success of online creative collaborations. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '13 (Paris, France). ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2466266

Digital Library

[91]

Jessica Seymour. 2018a. Homage, Collaboration, or Intervention: How framing fanart affects its interpretation. Participations, Vol. 15, 2 (2018), 98--114.

[92]

Jessica Seymour. 2018b. Racebending and Prosumer Fanart Practices in Harry Potter Fandom. In A Companion to Media Fandom and Fan Studies. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ, USA, 333--347.

[93]

Pao Siangliulue, Kenneth C Arnold, Krzysztof Z Gajos, and Steven P Dow. 2015. Toward Collaborative Ideation at Scale--Leveraging Ideas from Others to Generate More Creative and Diverse Ideas. In CSCW'15 (New York, NY). ACM Press, 937--945. https://doi.org/10.1145/2675133.2675239

Digital Library

[94]

Todd Spangler. 2020. Verizon Selling Tumblr to Company That Owns WordPress. https://variety.com/2019/digital/news/verizon-sells-tumblr-automattic-wordpress-1203299860/

[95]

Robert E. Stake. 2005. Qualitative Case Studies. In The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research 5 ed.), Norman K. Denzin and Yvonna S. Lincoln (Eds.). SAGE Publications, Chapter 17, 443--466.

[96]

Susan Leigh Star and Karen Ruhleder. 1996. Steps Toward an Ecology of Infrastructure: Design and Access for Large Information Spaces. Information Systems Research, Vol. 7, 1 (March 1996), 111--134. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.7.1.111

Digital Library

[97]

Angelika Strohmayer, Janis Lena Meissner, Alexander Wilson, Sarah Charlton, and Laura McIntyre. 2020. "We come together as one...and hope for solidarity to live on": On Designing Technologies for Activism and the Commemoration of Lost Lives. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (Eindhoven, Netherlands) (DIS '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 87--100. https://doi.org/10.1145/3357236.3395452

Digital Library

[98]

Texas A and M University Libraries. [n.d.]. Cushing Memorial Library and Archives. https://cushing.library.tamu.edu/

[99]

The Starsky and Hutch Lending Library. 2007. The Starksy and Hutch Lending Library. https://www.squidge.org/flamingo/library/index.htm

[100]

Martin Tomitsch, Cara Wrigley, Madeleine Borthwick, Naseem Ahmadpour, A. Baki Kocaballi, Jessica Frawley, Claudia Nú n ez-Pacheco, Karla Straker, and Lian Loke. 2018. No Title. In Design. Think. Make. Break. Repeat. A Handbook of Methods. BIS, Amsterdam, Chapter Affinity Diagramming, 22--23.

[101]

Austin Toombs, Shad Gross, Shaowen Bardzell, and Jeffrey Bardzell. 2017. From Empathy to Care: A Feminist Care Ethics Perspective on Long-Term Researcher--Participant Relations. Interacting with computers, Vol. 29, 1 (Jan. 2017), 45--57. https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iww010

[102]

Rebecca Tushnet. 2007. Payment in Credit: Copyright Law and Subcultural Creativity. Law and contemporary problems, Vol. 70, 2 (2007), 135--174.

[103]

Rebecca Tushnet. 2014a. All of this has happened before and all of this will happen again: innovation in copyright licensing. Berkeley technology law journal, Vol. 29, 3 (2014), 1447.

[104]

Rebecca Tushnet. 2014b. "I'm a Lawyer, Not an Ethnographer, Jim": Textual Poachers and Fair Use. Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works (2014).

[105]

Rebecca Tushnet. 2015. The Romantic Author and the Romance Writer: Resisting Gendered Concepts of Creativity. Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works (2015).

[106]

University of California Riverside. 2018. Eaton Collection at UC Riverside: Fanzine and Comic Book Collections. https://eaton.ucr.edu/fanzines.html

[107]

University of Iowa. [n.d.]. Organization for Transformative Works Fanzine and Fan Fiction Collection.

[108]

Kodlee Yin, Cecilia Aragon, Sarah Evans, and Katie Davis. 2017. Where No One Has Gone Before: A Meta-Dataset of the World's Largest Fanfiction Repository (CHI '17). ACM, 6106--6110.

[109]

Robert K Yin. 2009. Designing Case Studies 4 ed.). SAGE, 25--65.

[110]

Xuan Zhao, Cliff Lampe, and Nicole B Ellison. 2016. The Social Media Ecology: User Perceptions, Strategies and Challenges. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '16 (Santa Clara, California, USA). ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 89--100. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858333

Digital Library

Cited By

Gray CObi IChivukula SLi ZCarlock TWill MPivonka AJohns JRigsbee BMenon ABharadwaj A(2024)Building an Ethics-Focused Action Plan: Roles, Process Moves, and TrajectoriesProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642302(1-17)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642302
Aarsand P(2024)Talking Fanart: Small Stories About Drawings and GamesChildren & Society10.1111/chso.12928Online publication date: 15-Dec-2024
https://doi.org/10.1111/chso.12928
Borgos-Rodriguez KPiper A(2023)Understanding Participation among Disabled Creators in Online MarketplacesProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36101057:CSCW2(1-28)Online publication date: 4-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3610105
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

"Be Gay, Do Crimes": The Co-Production and Activist Potential of Contemporary Fanzines
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Collaborative and social computing
    1. Collaborative and social computing design and evaluation methods
    2. Empirical studies in collaborative and social computing

Recommendations

An Archive of Their Own: A Case Study of Feminist HCI and Values in Design
CHI '16: Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Rarely are computing systems developed entirely by members of the communities they serve, particularly when that community is underrepresented in computing. Archive of Our Own (AO3), a fan fiction archive with nearly 750,000 users and over 2 million ...
Local Groups Online: Political Learning and Participation

Voluntary associations serve crucial roles in local communities and within our larger democratic society. They aggregate shared interests, collective will, and cultivate civic competencies that nurture democratic participation. People active in multiple ...
The engagement of digital art with contemporary art
EVA '17: Proceedings of the conference on Electronic Visualisation and the Arts

Digital art is increasingly becoming engaged with contemporary art. Artists began using programming and technology to create art in the 1950s and 1960s and the revolutionary advances in digital technology have spawned new approaches to making art. ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction Volume 5, Issue CSCW2

CSCW2

October 2021

5376 pages

EISSN:2573-0142

DOI:10.1145/3493286

Editor:
Jeff Nichols
Apple Inc., United States

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2021 Owner/Author.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike International 4.0 License.

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 18 October 2021

Published in PACMHCI Volume 5, Issue CSCW2

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

5
Total Citations
View Citations
865
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)320
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)33

Reflects downloads up to 19 Feb 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Gray CObi IChivukula SLi ZCarlock TWill MPivonka AJohns JRigsbee BMenon ABharadwaj A(2024)Building an Ethics-Focused Action Plan: Roles, Process Moves, and TrajectoriesProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642302(1-17)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642302
Aarsand P(2024)Talking Fanart: Small Stories About Drawings and GamesChildren & Society10.1111/chso.12928Online publication date: 15-Dec-2024
https://doi.org/10.1111/chso.12928
Borgos-Rodriguez KPiper A(2023)Understanding Participation among Disabled Creators in Online MarketplacesProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36101057:CSCW2(1-28)Online publication date: 4-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3610105
Allred AAragon C(2023)Art in the Machine: Value Misalignment and AI “Art”Cooperative Design, Visualization, and Engineering10.1007/978-3-031-43815-8_4(31-42)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-031-43815-8_4
Cheng RFrens J(2022)Feedback Exchange and Online Affinity: A Case Study of Online Fanfiction WritersProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/35551276:CSCW2(1-29)Online publication date: 11-Nov-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3555127

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Article

Figures

Tables

Media

View Issue’s Table of Contents