research-article

Analyzing and modeling the latency and jitter behavior of mixed industrial TSN and DetNet networks

Authors:

Lukas Wüsteney,

David Hellmanns,

Markus Schramm,

Tobias HeerAuthors Info & Claims

CoNEXT '22: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies

Pages 91 - 109

https://doi.org/10.1145/3555050.3569138

Published: 30 November 2022 Publication History

Abstract

Today, industrial real-time communication is commonly designed based on two key principles to satisfy the challenging Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of industrial applications: a) local communication and b) purpose-built networks. IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) and IETF Deterministic Networking (DetNet) promise to lift these two limitations. This facilitates the transformation of previously loosely integrated automation network parts from isolated, purpose-built real-time networks to more tightly integrated, open, multi-purpose networks of networks. With TSN and DetNet, each of these interconnected networks, e.g., machine or backbone networks, can and will be fined-tuned for optimal performance regarding the different real-time applications located inside them. The resulting patchwork of DetNet-connected TSN networks, however, creates a challenge for cross-network real-time communication: predicting QoS properties, such as the end-to-end latency. To address this challenge, we propose a model that allows calculating best-case and worst-case latencies for time-critical communication across different DetNet-connected TSN networks. This enables validating end-to-end communication requirements in open, multi-purpose industrial networks. Our evaluation with real industrial hardware shows the applicability of our proposed model.

References

[1]

IEEE 802.1. 2010. IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks Amendment 12: Forwarding and Queuing Enhancements for Time-Sensitive Streams. IEEE Std 802.1Qav-2009 (Amendment to IEEE Std 802.1Q-2005) (2010), C1-72.

[2]

IEEE 802.1. 2016. IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks - Bridges and Bridged Networks - Amendment 26: Frame Preemption. IEEE Std 802.1Qbu-2016 (Amendment to IEEE Std 802.1Q-2014) (2016), 1--52.

[3]

IEEE 802.1. 2016. IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks - Bridges and Bridged Networks - Amendment 25: Enhancements for Scheduled Traffic. IEEE Std 802.1Qbv-2015 (Amendment to IEEE Std 802.1Q-2014 as amended by IEEE Std 802.1Qca-2015, IEEE Std 802.1Qcd-2015, and IEEE Std 802.1Q-2014/Cor 1-2015) (2016), 1--57.

[4]

IEEE 802.1. 2018. IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Network-Bridges and Bridged Networks. IEEE Std 802.1Q-2018 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.1Q-2014) (2018), 1--1993.

[5]

IEEE 802.1. 2020. IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks-Timing and Synchronization for Time-Sensitive Applications. IEEE Std 802.1AS-2020 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.1AS-2011) (2020), 1--421.

[6]

IEEE 802.1. 2022. IEC/IEEE 60802 TSN Profile for Industrial Automation. IEC/IEEE 60802 D1.4 (2022). https://www.ieee802.org/1/files/private/60802-drafts/d1/60802-d1-4.pdf

[7]

IEEE 802.3. 2016. IEEE Standard for Ethernet Amendment 5: Specification and Management Parameters for Interspersing Express Traffic. IEEE Std 802.3br-2016 (Amendment to IEEE Std 802.3-2015 as amended by IEEE Std 802.3bw-2015, IEEE Std 802.3by-2016, IEEE Std 802.3bq-2016, and IEEE Std 802.3bp-2016) (2016), 1--58.

[8]

Muhammad Adnan, Jean-Luc Scharbarg, Jérôme Ermont, and Christian Fraboul. 2010. Model for worst case delay analysis of an AFDX network using timed automata. In Proceedings of 15th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA 2010, September 13--16, 2010, Bilbao, Spain. IEEE, 1--4.

[9]

Muhammad Adnan, Jean-Luc Scharbarg, Jérôme Ermont, and Christian Fraboul. 2012. An improved timed automata approach for computing exact worst-case delays of AFDX sporadic flows. In Proceedings of 2012 IEEE 17th International Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation, ETFA 2012, Krakow, Poland, September 17--21, 2012. IEEE, 1--8.

[10]

Belden Inc. 2022. RSPE switches from Hirschmann. Managed RSP Switches (2022). https://hirschmann.com/en/Hirschmann_Produkte/Industrial_Ethernet/managed_rsp_switches/rspe_expandable/index.phtml

[11]

Lucia Lo Bello, Mohammad Ashjaei, Gaetano Patti, and Moris Behnam. 2020. Schedulability analysis of Time-Sensitive Networks with scheduled traffic and preemption support. J. Parallel and Distrib. Comput. 144 (2020), 153--171.

[12]

Unmesh D. Bordoloi, Amir Aminifar, Petru Eles, and Zebo Peng. 2014. Schedulability analysis of Ethernet AVB switches. In 2014 IEEE 20th International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications. 1--10.

[13]

Hussein Charara, Jean-Luc Scharbarg, Jérôme Ermont, and Christian Fraboul. 2006. Methods for bounding end-to-end delays on an AFDX network. In 18th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems, ECRTS'06, 5--7 July 2006, Dresden, Germany, Proceedings. IEEE Computer Society, 193--202.

Digital Library

[14]

Silviu S. Craciunas, Ramon Serna Oliver, Martin Chmelík, and Wilfried Steiner. 2016. Scheduling Real-Time Communication in IEEE 802.1Qbv Time Sensitive Networks. In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems, RTNS 2016, Brest, France, October 19--21, 2016, Alain Plantec, Frank Singhoff, Sébastien Faucou, and Luís Miguel Pinho (Eds.). ACM, 183--192.

Digital Library

[15]

Frank Dürr and Naresh Ganesh Nayak. 2016. No-wait Packet Scheduling for IEEE Time-sensitive Networks (TSN). In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems, RTNS 2016, Brest, France, October 19--21, 2016, Alain Plantec, Frank Singhoff, Sébastien Faucou, and Luís Miguel Pinho (Eds.). ACM, 203--212.

Digital Library

[16]

Jonathan Falk, Frank Dürr, and Kurt Rothermel. 2018. Exploring Practical Limitations of Joint Routing and Scheduling for TSN with ILP. In 24th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications, RTCSA 2018, Hakodate, Japan, August 28--31, 2018. IEEE Computer Society, 136--146.

[17]

Norman Finn, Pascal Thubert, Balazs Varga, and János Farkas. 2019. Deterministic Networking Architecture. RFC 8655.

Digital Library

[18]

Friesen, A and Schriegel, S and Biendarra, A. 2021. PROFINET over TSN Guideline Version 1.21. Profibus International (PI), Profibus International (PI) (2021).

[19]

Zdenek Hanzálek, Pavel Burget, and Premysl Sucha. 2009. Profinet IO IRT Message Scheduling. In Proceedings of the 21st Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems, ECRTS 2009, Dublin, Ireland, July 1--3, 2009. IEEE Computer Society, 57--65.

Digital Library

[20]

Zdenek Hanzálek and Jan Dvorák. 2022. Incremental Scheduling of the Time-triggered Traffic on TTEthernet Network. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Operations Research and Enterprise Systems, ICORES 2022, Online Streaming, February 3--5, 2022, Federico Liberatore, Greg H. Parlier, and Marc Demange (Eds.). SCITEPRESS, 302--313.

[21]

David Hellmanns, Alexander Glavackij, Jonathan Falk, René Hummen, Stephan Kehrer, and Frank Dürr. 2020. Scaling TSN Scheduling for Factory Automation Networks. In 16th IEEE International Conference on Factory Communication Systems, WFCS 2020, Porto, Portugal, April 27--29, 2020. IEEE, 1--8.

[22]

David Hellmanns, Lucas Haug, Moritz Hildebrand, Frank Dürr, Stephan Kehrer, and René Hummen. 2021. How to Optimize Joint Routing and Scheduling Models for TSN Using Integer Linear Programming. In RTNS'2021: 29th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems, Nantes, France, April 7--9, 2021, Audrey Queudet, Iain Bate, and Giuseppe Lipari (Eds.). ACM, 100--111.

Digital Library

[23]

Bahar Houtan, Mohammad Ashjaei, Masoud Daneshtalab, Mikael Sjödin, and Saad Mubeen. 2021. Synthesising Schedules to Improve QoS of Best-effort Traffic in TSN Networks. In RTNS'2021: 29th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems, Nantes, France, April 7--9, 2021, Audrey Queudet, Iain Bate, and Giuseppe Lipari (Eds.). ACM, 68--77.

Digital Library

[24]

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION (IEC). 2019. Industrial communication networks - Profiles - Part 2: Additional fieldbus profiles for real-time networks based on ISO/IEC/IEEE 8802-3. IEC 61784-2:2019 (2019).

[25]

Keysight Technologies. 2022. XGS12 Chassis Platform. Products and Services (2022). https://www.keysight.com/us/en/products/network-test/network-test-hardware/xgs12-chassis-platform.html

[26]

Tieu Long Mai and Nicolas Navet. 2021. Improvements to deep-learning-based feasibility prediction of switched ethernet network configurations. In 29th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems. 89--99.

[27]

Tieu Long Mai, Nicolas Navet, and Jörn Migge. 2019. A hybrid machine learning and schedulability analysis method for the verification of TSN networks. In 2019 15th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS). IEEE, 1--8.

[28]

Lisa Maile, Kai-Steffen Hielscher, and Reinhard German. 2020. Network calculus results for TSN: An introduction. In 2020 Information Communication Technologies Conference (ICTC). IEEE, 131--140.

[29]

Mubarak Adetunji Ojewale, Patrick Meumeu Yomsi, and Borislav Nikolić. 2021. Worst-case traversal time analysis of tsn with multi-level preemption. Journal of Systems Architecture 116 (2021), 102079.

Digital Library

[30]

Francisco Pozo, Guillermo Rodríguez-Navas, Hans Hansson, and Wilfried Steiner. 2015. SMT-based synthesis of TTEthernet schedules: A performance study. In 10th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems, SIES 2015, Siegen, Germany, June 8--10, 2015. IEEE, 162--165.

[31]

Eike Bjoern Schweissguth, Peter Danielis, Dirk Timmermann, Helge Parzyjegla, and Gero Mühl. 2017. ILP-based joint routing and scheduling for time-triggered networks. In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems, RTNS 2017, Grenoble, France, October 04 - 06, 2017, Enrico Bini and Claire Pagetti (Eds.). ACM, 8--17.

Digital Library

[32]

Wilfried Steiner. 2010. An Evaluation of SMT-Based Schedule Synthesis for Time-Triggered Multi-hop Networks. In Proceedings of the 31st IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, RTSS 2010, San Diego, California, USA, November 30 - December 3, 2010. IEEE Computer Society, 375--384.

Digital Library

[33]

Balazs Varga, János Farkas, Andrew G. Malis, and Stewart Bryant. 2021. Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane: IP over IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN). RFC 9023.

Digital Library

[34]

Luxi Zhao, Paul Pop, Zhong Zheng, and Qiao Li. 2018. Timing analysis of AVB traffic in TSN networks using network calculus. In 2018 IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS). IEEE, 25--36.

Cited By

Toko TBellaiche MHalabi T(2024)A Game-theoretic Approach for DDoS Attack Mitigation in IIoT Deterministic NetworkingNOMS 2024-2024 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium10.1109/NOMS59830.2024.10575184(1-5)Online publication date: 6-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/NOMS59830.2024.10575184

Index Terms

Analyzing and modeling the latency and jitter behavior of mixed industrial TSN and DetNet networks
1. Computer systems organization
  1. Dependable and fault-tolerant systems and networks
    1. Redundancy
  2. Embedded and cyber-physical systems
    1. Embedded systems
    2. Robotics
2. Networks
  1. Network properties
    1. Network reliability

Recommendations

A Survey of Real-Time Ethernet Modeling and Design Methodologies: From AVB to TSN
With the development of real-time critical systems, the ever-increasing communication data traffic puts forward high-bandwidth and low-delay requirements for communication networks. Therefore, various real-time Ethernet protocols have been proposed, but ...
Research on Deterministic Communication Model for Industrial Internet Based on OPC UA-TSN
ICITEE '22: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Information Technologies and Electrical Engineering

The Industrial Internet accelerates the network integration and collaborative communication of IT and OT, and has become the critical technical support for smart factories. Using OPC UA as the industrial network communication infrastructure can realize ...
HERMES: Heuristic Multi-queue Scheduler for TSN Time-Triggered Traffic with Zero Reception Jitter Capabilities
RTNS '22: Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems

The Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) standards provide a toolbox of features to be utilized in various application domains.The core TSN features include deterministic zero-jitter and low-latency data transmission and transmitting traffic with various ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

CoNEXT '22: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies

November 2022

431 pages

ISBN:9781450395083

DOI:10.1145/3555050

General Chairs:
Giuseppe Bianchi
University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
,
Alessandro Mei
Sapienza University of Rome, Italy

Copyright © 2022 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

SIGCOMM: ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 30 November 2022

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Conference

CoNEXT '22

Sponsor:

SIGCOMM

CoNEXT '22: The 18th International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies

December 6 - 9, 2022

Roma, Italy

Acceptance Rates

CoNEXT '22 Paper Acceptance Rate 28 of 151 submissions, 19%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 198 of 789 submissions, 25%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

1
Total Citations
View Citations
450
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)149
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)9

Reflects downloads up to 10 Aug 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Toko TBellaiche MHalabi T(2024)A Game-theoretic Approach for DDoS Attack Mitigation in IIoT Deterministic NetworkingNOMS 2024-2024 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium10.1109/NOMS59830.2024.10575184(1-5)Online publication date: 6-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/NOMS59830.2024.10575184

View Options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Table of Contents