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Gaze Speedup: Eye Gaze Assisted Gesture Typing in Virtual Reality

Authors:

Tanya R. Jonker,

Aakar GuptaAuthors Info & Claims

IUI '23: Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces

Pages 595 - 606

https://doi.org/10.1145/3581641.3584072

Published: 27 March 2023 Publication History

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Abstract

Mid-air text input in augmented or virtual reality (AR/VR) is an open problem. One proposed solution is gesture typing where the user performs a gesture trace over the keyboard. However, this requires the user to move their hands precisely and continuously, potentially causing arm fatigue. With eye tracking available on AR/VR devices, multiple works have proposed gaze-driven gesture typing techniques. However, such techniques require the explicit use of gaze which are prone to Midas touch problems, conflicting with other gaze activities in the same moment. In this work, the user is not made aware that their gaze is being used to improve the interaction, making the use of gaze completely implicit. We observed that a user’s implicit gaze fixation location during gesture typing is usually the gesture cursor’s target location if the gesture cursor is moving toward it. Based on this observation, we propose the Speedup method in which we speed up the gesture cursor toward the user’s gaze fixation location, the speedup rate depends on how well the gesture cursor’s moving direction aligns with the gaze fixation. To reduce the overshooting near the target in the Speedup method, we further proposed the Gaussian Speedup method in which the speedup rate is dynamically reduced with a Gaussian function when the gesture cursor gets nearer to the gaze fixation. Using a wrist IMU as input, a 12-person study demonstrated that the Speedup method and Gaussian Speedup method reduced users’ hand movement by and respectively without any loss of typing speed or accuracy.

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Cited By

Darbar RHu XYan XWei YLiang HXu WSarcar S(2024)OnArmQWERTY: An Empirical Evaluation of On-Arm Tap Typing for AR HMDsProceedings of the 2024 ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction10.1145/3677386.3682084(1-12)Online publication date: 7-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3677386.3682084
Wang HZhan ZShan HDai SPanoff MWang SLuo BLiao XXu JKirda ELie D(2024)GAZEploit: Remote Keystroke Inference Attack by Gaze Estimation from Avatar Views in VR/MR DevicesProceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security10.1145/3658644.3690285(1731-1745)Online publication date: 2-Dec-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3658644.3690285
Lee JBaeck MYeo HStarner TWoo W(2024)GestureMark: Shortcut Input Technique using Smartwatch Touch Gestures for XR GlassesProceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 202410.1145/3652920.3652941(63-71)Online publication date: 4-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3652920.3652941
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Index Terms

Gaze Speedup: Eye Gaze Assisted Gesture Typing in Virtual Reality
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)
    1. Interaction paradigms
      1. Virtual reality
    2. Interaction techniques
      1. Gestural input

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cover image ACM Conferences

IUI '23: Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces

March 2023

972 pages

ISBN:9798400701061

DOI:10.1145/3581641

Copyright © 2023 Owner/Author.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike International 4.0 License.

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Published: 27 March 2023

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March 27 - 31, 2023

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Cited By

Darbar RHu XYan XWei YLiang HXu WSarcar S(2024)OnArmQWERTY: An Empirical Evaluation of On-Arm Tap Typing for AR HMDsProceedings of the 2024 ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction10.1145/3677386.3682084(1-12)Online publication date: 7-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3677386.3682084
Wang HZhan ZShan HDai SPanoff MWang SLuo BLiao XXu JKirda ELie D(2024)GAZEploit: Remote Keystroke Inference Attack by Gaze Estimation from Avatar Views in VR/MR DevicesProceedings of the 2024 on ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security10.1145/3658644.3690285(1731-1745)Online publication date: 2-Dec-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3658644.3690285
Lee JBaeck MYeo HStarner TWoo W(2024)GestureMark: Shortcut Input Technique using Smartwatch Touch Gestures for XR GlassesProceedings of the Augmented Humans International Conference 202410.1145/3652920.3652941(63-71)Online publication date: 4-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3652920.3652941
Zhan LXiong TZhang HGuo SChen XGong JLin JQin Y(2024)TouchEditorProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/36314547:4(1-29)Online publication date: 12-Jan-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3631454
Hallgarten PSendhilnathan NZhang TSood EJonker T(2024)GEARS: Generalizable Multi-Purpose Embeddings for Gaze and Hand Data in VR InteractionsProceedings of the 32nd ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization10.1145/3627043.3659551(279-289)Online publication date: 22-Jun-2024
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Shen JKhaldi KZhou ESurale HKarlson A(2024)Gesture2Text: A Generalizable Decoder for Word-Gesture Keyboards in XR Through Trajectory Coarse Discretization and Pre-TrainingIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2024.345619830:11(7118-7128)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TVCG.2024.3456198
Shen JBoldu RKalla AGlueck MSurale HKarlson A(2024)RingGesture: A Ring-Based Mid-Air Gesture Typing System Powered by a Deep-Learning Word Prediction FrameworkIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2024.345617930:11(7441-7451)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2024
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Mutasim ABatmaz AHudhud Mughrabi MStuerzlinger W(2024)The Guided Evaluation MethodInternational Journal of Human-Computer Studies10.1016/j.ijhcs.2024.103317190:COnline publication date: 1-Oct-2024
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Yu JMa SYang ZWang DLi H(2024)Bending the keyboard can improve bare-hand typing in virtual realityMultimedia Tools and Applications10.1007/s11042-024-19903-4Online publication date: 27-Jul-2024
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Schenkluhn MPeukert CGreif-Winzrieth AWeinhardt C(2023)Does One Keyboard Fit All? Comparison and Evaluation of Device-Free Augmented Reality Keyboard DesignsProceedings of the 29th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology10.1145/3611659.3615692(1-11)Online publication date: 9-Oct-2023
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