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Event-Based Pupil Tracking Using Bright and Dark Pupil Effect

Published: 29 October 2023 Publication History

Abstract

Real-time high-speed gaze estimation can enable next-generation gaze-based interaction. The event camera, which captures intensity variations at high frequency, has been employed to this end. However, pupil tracking based only on events is difficult because events are sparse and limited. We propose high-speed pupil tracking using an event camera based on the bright and dark pupil effect. Two illumination sources generate events in the pupil area, and the pupil center is determined in real time at over 2000 Hz without requiring complete image from the events. We implemented gaze target estimation using smooth-pursuit eye movements and confirmed high-speed pupil tracking that may reduce the delay in gaze-based interaction.

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References

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Anastasios N. Angelopoulos, Julien N.P. Martel, Amit P. Kohli, Jörg Conradt, and Gordon Wetzstein. 2021. Event-Based Near-Eye Gaze Tracking Beyond 10,000 Hz. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 27, 5 (2021), 2577–2586. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2021.3067784
[2]
Andrew T. Duchowski, Krzysztof Krejtz, Justyna Żurawska, and Donald H. House. 2020. Using Microsaccades to Estimate Task Difficulty During Visual Search of Layered Surfaces. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 26, 9 (2020), 2904–2918. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2019.2901881
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Y. Ebisawa. 1998. Improved video-based eye-gaze detection method. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 47, 4 (1998), 948–955. https://doi.org/10.1109/19.744648
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Augusto Esteves, Eduardo Velloso, Andreas Bulling, and Hans Gellersen. 2015. Orbits: Gaze Interaction for Smart Watches Using Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements. In Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software & Technology. 457–466. https://doi.org/10.1145/2807442.2807499
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Mohamed Khamis, Florian Alt, and Andreas Bulling. 2015. A Field Study on Spontaneous Gaze-Based Interaction with a Public Display Using Pursuits. In Adjunct Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers. 863–872. https://doi.org/10.1145/2800835.2804335
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Mohamed Khamis, Ozan Saltuk, Alina Hang, Katharina Stolz, Andreas Bulling, and Florian Alt. 2016. TextPursuits: Using Text for Pursuits-Based Interaction and Calibration on Public Displays. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing. 274–285.
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Shuntaro Miki and Yutaka Hirata. 2013. Microsaccades generated during car driving. In 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). 2148–2151. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2013.6609959
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Timo Stoffregen, Hossein Daraei, Clare Robinson, and Alexander Fix. 2022. Event-Based Kilohertz Eye Tracking using Coded Differential Lighting. In 2022 IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV). 3937–3945. https://doi.org/10.1109/WACV51458.2022.00399
[9]
Yuto Tamura and Kentaro Takemura. 2019. Estimating Focused Object Using Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements and Interest Points in the Real World. In Adjunct Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. 21–23.
[10]
Mélodie Vidal, Andreas Bulling, and Hans Gellersen. 2013. Pursuits: Spontaneous Interaction with Displays Based on Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement and Moving Targets. In Proceedings of the 2013 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing. 439–448. https://doi.org/10.1145/2493432.2493477

Cited By

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  • (2024)Eye Tracking Based on Event Camera and Spiking Neural NetworkElectronics10.3390/electronics1314287913:14(2879)Online publication date: 22-Jul-2024
  • (2024)A Human Eye Model for Investigating the Metrological Properties of Video Eye TrackersActa Physica Polonica A10.12693/APhysPolA.146.623146:4(623-629)Online publication date: Oct-2024
  • (2024)Event Camera-Based Eye Motion Analysis: A SurveyIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2024.346210912(136783-136804)Online publication date: 2024

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cover image ACM Conferences
UIST '23 Adjunct: Adjunct Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology
October 2023
424 pages
ISBN:9798400700965
DOI:10.1145/3586182
Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author.

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New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 29 October 2023

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Author Tags

  1. Bright and dark pupil
  2. Event-based vision
  3. Eye tracking

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UIST '23

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Overall Acceptance Rate 355 of 1,733 submissions, 20%

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UIST '25
The 38th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology
September 28 - October 1, 2025
Busan , Republic of Korea

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Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Eye Tracking Based on Event Camera and Spiking Neural NetworkElectronics10.3390/electronics1314287913:14(2879)Online publication date: 22-Jul-2024
  • (2024)A Human Eye Model for Investigating the Metrological Properties of Video Eye TrackersActa Physica Polonica A10.12693/APhysPolA.146.623146:4(623-629)Online publication date: Oct-2024
  • (2024)Event Camera-Based Eye Motion Analysis: A SurveyIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2024.346210912(136783-136804)Online publication date: 2024

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