×Grid: A Location-oriented Topology Design for LEO Satellites
Pages 37 - 42
Abstract
The high frequency at which handoff occurs between interconnected low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites pose a significant challenge in successfully implementing a satellite-based global Internet service. This is primarily due to the fact that LEO satellites only remain in range for approximately 3 minutes at a time, resulting in client state handoffs occurring 20x per hour. In this paper, we propose xGrid, a topology design for LEO satellites that leverages the predictability of satellite positions. Our design is location-oriented, allowing handoff to occur between satellites that share interconnected satellite links (ISLs). This approach contrasts with the current conventional topology designs, which require propagating client state information throughout the network and performing unnecessary computations to determine the appropriate return node for packets. Through simulations, we demonstrate that the xGrid reduces the number of ISL hops between major population centers and decreases the occurrence of dropped messages during handoff compared to conventional topology designs.
References
[1]
2020. For Approval of Orbital Deployment And Operating Authority for the SpaceX Gen2 NGSO Satellite System. (2020). https://fcc.report/IBFS/SAT-LOA-20200526-00055/2378669.pdf
[2]
2020. For Modification of Authorization for the SpaceX NGSO Satellite System. (2020). https://fcc.report/IBFS/SAT-MOD-20200417-00037/2274315.pdf
[3]
2020. Modification to OneWeb U.S. Market Access Grant for the OneWeb Ku- and Ka-Band System. (2020). https://fcc.report/IBFS/SAT-MPL-20200526-00062/2379569.pdf
[4]
Akram Al-Hourani. 2021. Session Duration Between Handovers in Dense LEO Satellite Networks. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 10, 12 (2021), 2810--2814.
[5]
Debopam Bhattacherjee and Ankit Singla. 2019. Network topology design at 27,000 km/hour. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments And Technologies. 341--354.
[6]
Jiaqi Chen, Xiaohu Ge, and Qiang Ni. 2019. Coverage and handoff analysis of 5G fractal small cell networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 18, 2 (2019), 1263--1276.
[7]
Bradley Denby, Krishna Chintalapudi, Ranveer Chandra, Brandon Lucia, and Shadi Noghabi. 2023. Kodan: Addressing the computational bottleneck in space. In Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, Volume 3. 392--403. computational load balancing for small leo networks.
[8]
Xia Deng, Shouyuan Zeng, Le Chang, Yan Wang, Xu Wu, Junbin Liang, Jiangtao Ou, and Chengyuan Fan. 2022. An ant colony optimization-based routing algorithm for load balancing in leo satellite networks. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (2022).
[9]
Edsger W Dijkstra. 2022. A note on two problems in connexion with graphs. In Edsger Wybe Dijkstra: His Life, Work, and Legacy. 287--290.
[10]
Giacomo Giuliari, Tobias Klenze, Markus Legner, David Basin, Adrian Perrig, and Ankit Singla. 2020. Internet backbones in space. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 50, 1 (2020), 25--37.
[11]
Olivier R Hainaut and Andrew P Williams. 2020. Impact of satellite constellations on astronomical observations with ESO telescopes in the visible and infrared domains. Astronomy & Astrophysics 636 (2020), A121.
[12]
Mark Handley. 2018. Delay is not an option: Low latency routing in space. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks. 85--91.
[13]
Yannick Hauri, Debopam Bhattacherjee, Manuel Grossmann, and Ankit Singla. 2020. "Internet from Space" without Inter-satellite Links. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks. 205--211. questions viability of leo networks.
[14]
Enric Juan, Mads Lauridsen, Jeroen Wigard, and Preben Mogensen. 2022. Handover Solutions for 5G Low-Earth Orbit Satellite Networks. IEEE Access 10 (2022), 93309--93325. Deals with hand off for 5g satellites. Specifically communication within a single satellite. Uses as similar location-aware concept for multiple hex cells within a single satellite.
[15]
Suresh Kalyanasundaram, Edwin KP Chong, and Ness B Shroff. 2001. An efficient scheme to reduce handoff dropping in LEO satellite systems. Wireless Networks 7 (2001), 75--85.
[16]
Simon Kassing, Debopam Bhattacherjee, André Baptista Águas, Jens Eirik Saethre, and Ankit Singla. 2020. Exploring the "Internet from space" with Hypatia. In Proceedings of the ACM Internet Measurement Conference. 214--229.
[17]
Chengcheng Li, Yasheng Zhang, Renchao Xie, Xuekun Hao, and Tao Huang. 2021. Integrating edge computing into low earth orbit satellite networks: Architecture and prototype. IEEE Access 9 (2021), 39126--39137.
[18]
Jonathan C McDowell. 2020. The low earth orbit satellite population and impacts of the SpaceX Starlink constellation. The Astrophysical Journal Letters 892, 2 (2020), L36.
[19]
Brandon Craig Rhodes. 2011. PyEphem: astronomical ephemeris for Python. Astrophysics Source Code Library (2011), ascl-1112.
[20]
Qingqing Tang, Zesong Fei, Bin Li, and Zhu Han. 2021. Computation offloading in LEO satellite networks with hybrid cloud and edge computing. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 8, 11 (2021), 9164--9176.
[21]
Jiang Wenjuan and Zong Peng. 2010. An improved connection-oriented routing in LEO satellite networks. In 2010 WASE International Conference on Information Engineering, Vol. 1. IEEE, 296--299.
Recommendations
GNSS-based precise orbit determination for maneuvering LEO satellites
AbstractManeuverability is essential for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites to fulfill various operational objectives. However, the precise orbit determination (POD) process might deteriorate due to imperfect satellite orbital dynamics modeling. This ...
LEO augmented precise point positioning using real observations from two CENTISPACE™ experimental satellites
AbstractLEO augmentation systems are attracting worldwide attention. However, their performance in real-world environments has not yet been reported, although several systems have already launched experimental satellites, such as the CENTISPACE™ system ...
Precise orbit determination of LEO satellites: a systematic review
AbstractThe need for precise orbit determination (POD) has grown significantly due to the increased amount of space-based activities taking place at an accelerating pace. Accurate POD positively contributes to achieving the requirements of Low-Earth Orbit ...
Comments
Information & Contributors
Information
Published In
October 2023
51 pages
ISBN:9798400703324
DOI:10.1145/3614204
Copyright © 2023 ACM.
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].
Sponsors
Publisher
Association for Computing Machinery
New York, NY, United States
Publication History
Published: 06 October 2023
Check for updates
Qualifiers
- Research-article
Funding Sources
- Internet society ISOC
Conference
LEO-NET '23
Sponsor:
Contributors
Other Metrics
Bibliometrics & Citations
Bibliometrics
Article Metrics
- 0Total Citations
- 186Total Downloads
- Downloads (Last 12 months)186
- Downloads (Last 6 weeks)20
Reflects downloads up to 15 Oct 2024
Other Metrics
Citations
View Options
Get Access
Login options
Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.
Sign in