Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
research-article

Dual-Side Adversarial Learning Based Fair Recommendation for Sensitive Attribute Filtering

Published: 19 June 2024 Publication History
  • Get Citation Alerts
  • Abstract

    With the development of recommendation algorithms, researchers are paying increasing attention to fairness issues such as user discrimination in recommendations. To address these issues, existing works often filter users’ sensitive information that may cause discrimination during the process of learning user representations. However, these approaches overlook the latent relationship between items’ content attributes and users’ sensitive information. In this article, we propose DALFRec, a fairness-aware recommendation algorithm based on user-side and item-side adversarial learning to mitigate the effects of sensitive information on both sides of the recommendation process. First, we conduct a statistical analysis to demonstrate the latent relationship between items’ information and users’ sensitive attributes. Then, we design a dual-side adversarial learning network that simultaneously filters out users’ sensitive information on the user and item side. Additionally, we propose a new evaluation strategy that leverages the latent relationship between items’ content attributes and users’ sensitive attributes to better assess the algorithm’s ability to reduce discrimination. Our experiments on three real datasets demonstrate the superiority of our proposed algorithm over state-of-the-art methods.

    References

    [1]
    Martin Arjovsky, Soumith Chintala, and Léon Bottou. 2017. Wasserstein generative adversarial networks. In Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Machine Learning—Volume 70(ICML’17). 214–223.
    [2]
    Alex Beutel, Jilin Chen, Tulsee Doshi, Hai Qian, Li Wei, Yi Wu, Lukasz Heldt, Zhe Zhao, Lichan Hong, Ed H. Chi, and Cristos Goodrow. 2019. Fairness in recommendation ranking through pairwise comparisons. In Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. 2212–2220.
    [3]
    Michael Brückner and Tobias Scheffer. 2009. Nash equilibria of static prediction games. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 22 (2009), 171–179.
    [4]
    Xi Chen, Yan Duan, Rein Houthooft, John Schulman, Ilya Sutskever, and Pieter Abbeel. 2016. InfoGAN: Interpretable representation learning by information maximizing generative adversarial nets. In Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems(NIPS’16). 2180–2188.
    [5]
    Heng-Tze Cheng, Levent Koc, Jeremiah Harmsen, Tal Shaked, Tushar Chandra, Hrishi Aradhye, Glen Anderson, Greg Corrado, Wei Chai, Mustafa Ispir, Rohan Anil, Zakaria Haque, Lichan Hong, Vihan Jain, Xiaobing Liu, and Hemal Shah. 2016. Wide & deep learning for recommender systems. In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Deep Learning for Recommender Systems. 7–10.
    [6]
    Yunjey Choi, Minje Choi, Munyoung Kim, Jung-Woo Ha, Sunghun Kim, and Jaegul Choo. 2018. StarGAN: Unified generative adversarial networks for multi-domain image-to-image translation. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 8789–8797.
    [7]
    Jingtao Ding, Yuhan Quan, Xiangnan He, Yong Li, and Depeng Jin. 2019. Reinforced negative sampling for recommendation with exposure data. In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI’19). 2230–2236.
    [8]
    Yingqiang Ge, Shuchang Liu, Ruoyuan Gao, Yikun Xian, Yunqi Li, Xiangyu Zhao, Changhua Pei, Fei Sun, Junfeng Ge, Wenwu Ou, and Yongfeng Zhang. 2021. Towards long-term fairness in recommendation. In Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining. 445–453.
    [9]
    Ian J. Goodfellow, Jean Pouget-Abadie, Mehdi Mirza, Bing Xu, David Warde-Farley, Sherjil Ozair, Aaron Courville, and Yoshua Bengio. 2014. Generative adversarial nets. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems—Volume 2(NIPS’14). 2672–2680.
    [10]
    Rong Gu, Yuquan Chen, Shuai Liu, Haipeng Dai, Guihai Chen, Kai Zhang, Yang Che, and Yihua Huang. 2022. Liquid: Intelligent resource estimation and network-efficient scheduling for deep learning jobs on distributed GPU clusters. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 33, 11 (2022), 2808–2820.
    [11]
    Rong Gu, Kai Zhang, Zhihao Xu, Yang Che, Bin Fan, Haojun Hou, Haipeng Dai, Li Yi, Yu Ding, Guihai Chen, and Yihua Huang. 2022. Fluid: Dataset abstraction and elastic acceleration for cloud-native deep learning training jobs. In Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE 38th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE’22). 2182–2195.
    [12]
    Xiangnan He, Lizi Liao, Hanwang Zhang, Liqiang Nie, Xia Hu, and Tat-Seng Chua. 2017. Neural collaborative filtering. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web. 173–182.
    [13]
    Phillip Isola, Jun-Yan Zhu, Tinghui Zhou, and Alexei A. Efros. 2017. Image-to-image translation with conditional adversarial networks. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR’17). 5967–5976. DOI:
    [14]
    Mesut Kaya, Derek Bridge, and Nava Tintarev. 2020. Ensuring fairness in group recommendations by rank-sensitive balancing of relevance. In Proceedings of the 14th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. 101–110.
    [15]
    Yehuda Koren, Robert Bell, and Chris Volinsky. 2009. Matrix factorization techniques for recommender systems. Computer 42, 8 (2009), 30–37.
    [16]
    Hoyeop Lee, Jinbae Im, Seongwon Jang, Hyunsouk Cho, and Sehee Chung. 2019. MeLU: Meta-learned user preference estimator for cold-start recommendation. In Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. 1073–1082.
    [17]
    Guofu Li, Pengjia Zhu, Jin Li, Zhemin Yang, Ning Cao, and Zhiyi Chen. 2018. Security matters: A survey on adversarial machine learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.07339 (2018).
    [18]
    Yunqi Li, Hanxiong Chen, Zuohui Fu, Yingqiang Ge, and Yongfeng Zhang. 2021. User-oriented fairness in recommendation. In Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021. 624–632.
    [19]
    Yunqi Li, Hanxiong Chen, Shuyuan Xu, Yingqiang Ge, and Yongfeng Zhang. 2021. Towards personalized fairness based on causal notion. In Proceedings of the 44th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. 1054–1063.
    [20]
    Dawen Liang, Laurent Charlin, and David M. Blei. 2016. Causal inference for recommendation. In Proceedings of the 2016 Workshop ‘Causation: Foundation to Application’ at UAI.
    [21]
    Haifeng Liu, Yukai Wang, Hongfei Lin, Bo Xu, and Nan Zhao. 2022. Mitigating sensitive data exposure with adversarial learning for fairness recommendation systems. Neural Computing and Applications 34, 20 (2022), 18097–18111.
    [22]
    Xudong Mao, Qing Li, Haoran Xie, Raymond Y. K. Lau, Zhen Wang, and Stephen Paul Smolley. 2017. Least squares generative adversarial networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. 2794–2802.
    [23]
    Farzan Masrour, Tyler Wilson, Heng Yan, Pang-Ning Tan, and Abdol Esfahanian. 2020. Bursting the filter bubble: Fairness-aware network link prediction. In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 34. 841–848.
    [24]
    Ninareh Mehrabi, Fred Morstatter, Nripsuta Saxena, Kristina Lerman, and Aram Galstyan. 2021. A survey on bias and fairness in machine learning. ACM Computing Surveys 54, 6 (2021), 1–35.
    [25]
    Mehdi Mirza and Simon Osindero. 2014. Conditional generative adversarial nets. arXiv preprint arXiv:1411.1784 (2014).
    [26]
    Mohammadmehdi Naghiaei, Hossein A. Rahmani, and Yashar Deldjoo. 2022. CPFair: Personalized consumer and producer fairness re-ranking for recommender systems. In Proceedings of the 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. 770–779.
    [27]
    Seung-Taek Park and Wei Chu. 2009. Pairwise preference regression for cold-start recommendation. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. 21–28.
    [28]
    Evaggelia Pitoura, Kostas Stefanidis, and Georgia Koutrika. 2021. Fairness in rankings and recommendations: An overview. VLDB Journal 2021 (2021), 1–28.
    [29]
    Tao Qi, Fangzhao Wu, Chuhan Wu, Peijie Sun, Le Wu, Xiting Wang, Yongfeng Huang, and Xing Xie. 2022. ProFairRec: Provider fairness-aware news recommendation. In Proceedings of the 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. 1164–1173.
    [30]
    Alec Radford, Luke Metz, and Soumith Chintala. 2015. Unsupervised representation learning with deep convolutional generative adversarial networks. CoRR abs/1511.06434 (2015).
    [31]
    Bashir Rastegarpanah, Krishna P. Gummadi, and Mark Crovella. 2019. Fighting fire with fire: Using antidote data to improve polarization and fairness of recommender systems. In Proceedings of the 12th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining. 231–239.
    [32]
    Noveen Sachdeva and Julian McAuley. 2020. How useful are reviews for recommendation? A critical review and potential improvements. In Proceedings of the 43rd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. 1845–1848.
    [33]
    Mhd. Hasan Sarhan, Nassir Navab, Abouzar Eslami, and Shadi Albarqouni. 2020. Fairness by learning orthogonal disentangled representations. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision. 746–761.
    [34]
    Sotiris Tsioutsiouliklis, Evaggelia Pitoura, Panayiotis Tsaparas, Ilias Kleftakis, and Nikos Mamoulis. 2021. Fairness-aware pagerank. In Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021. 3815–3826.
    [35]
    Manasi Vartak, Arvind Thiagarajan, Conrado Miranda, Jeshua Bratman, and Hugo Larochelle. 2017. A meta-learning perspective on cold-start recommendations for items. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30 (2017), 6907–6917.
    [36]
    Maksims Volkovs, Guangwei Yu, and Tomi Poutanen. 2017. DropoutNet: Addressing cold start in recommender systems. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30 (2017)4964–4973.
    [37]
    En Wang, Mijia Zhang, Bo Yang, Yongjian Yang, and Jie Wu. 2023. Large-scale spatiotemporal fracture data completion in sparse crowdsensing. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing. Preprint.
    [38]
    Xuezhi Wang, Nithum Thain, Anu Sinha, Flavien Prost, Ed H. Chi, Jilin Chen, and Alex Beutel. 2021. Practical compositional fairness: Understanding fairness in multi-component recommender systems. In Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining. 436–444.
    [39]
    Yifan Wang, Weizhi Ma, Min Zhang, Yiqun Liu, and Shaoping Ma. 2023. A survey on the fairness of recommender systems. ACM Transactions on Information Systems 41, 3 (2023), 1–43.
    [40]
    Zitai Wang, Qianqian Xu, Zhiyong Yang, Xiaochun Cao, and Qingming Huang. 2021. Implicit feedbacks are not always favorable: Iterative relabeled one-class collaborative filtering against noisy interactions. In Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Multimedia. 3070–3078.
    [41]
    Tianxin Wei, Fuli Feng, Jiawei Chen, Ziwei Wu, Jinfeng Yi, and Xiangnan He. 2021. Model-agnostic counterfactual reasoning for eliminating popularity bias in recommender system. In Proceedings of the 27th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. 1791–1800.
    [42]
    Tianxin Wei and Jingrui He. 2022. Comprehensive fair meta-learned recommender system. In Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. 1989–1999.
    [43]
    Chuhan Wu, Fangzhao Wu, Xiting Wang, Yongfeng Huang, and Xing Xie. 2021. Fairness-aware news recommendation with decomposed adversarial learning. In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 35. 4462–4469.
    [44]
    Le Wu, Lei Chen, Pengyang Shao, Richang Hong, Xiting Wang, and Meng Wang. 2021. Learning fair representations for recommendation: A graph-based perspective. In Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021. 2198–2208.
    [45]
    Yiqing Wu, Ruobing Xie, Yongchun Zhu, Fuzhen Zhuang, Ao Xiang, Xu Zhang, Leyu Lin, and Qing He. 2022. Selective fairness in recommendation via prompts. In Proceedings of the 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. 2657–2662.
    [46]
    Sirui Yao and Bert Huang. 2017. Beyond parity: Fairness objectives for collaborative filtering. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30 (2017), 1–10.
    [47]
    Junbo Jake Zhao, Michaël Mathieu, and Yann LeCun. 2016. Energy-based generative adversarial networks. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations.
    [48]
    Shu Zhao, Ziwei Du, Jie Chen, Yanping Zhang, Jie Tang, and Philip S. Yu. 2023. Hierarchical representation learning for attributed networks. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 35, 3 (2023), 2641–2656.
    [49]
    Shu Zhao, Wenyu Wang, Ziwei Du, Jie Chen, and Zhen Duan. 2023. A black-box adversarial attack method via Nesterov accelerated gradient and rewiring towards attacking graph neural networks. IEEE Transactions on Big Data 9 (2023), 1586–1597.

    Index Terms

    1. Dual-Side Adversarial Learning Based Fair Recommendation for Sensitive Attribute Filtering

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Information & Contributors

      Information

      Published In

      cover image ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data
      ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data  Volume 18, Issue 7
      August 2024
      505 pages
      ISSN:1556-4681
      EISSN:1556-472X
      DOI:10.1145/3613689
      • Editor:
      • Jian Pei
      Issue’s Table of Contents

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      Published: 19 June 2024
      Online AM: 19 February 2024
      Accepted: 14 February 2024
      Revised: 26 December 2023
      Received: 21 August 2023
      Published in TKDD Volume 18, Issue 7

      Check for updates

      Author Tags

      1. Recommender system
      2. adversarial learning
      3. fairness

      Qualifiers

      • Research-article

      Funding Sources

      • National Natural Science Foundation of China

      Contributors

      Other Metrics

      Bibliometrics & Citations

      Bibliometrics

      Article Metrics

      • 0
        Total Citations
      • 229
        Total Downloads
      • Downloads (Last 12 months)229
      • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)52
      Reflects downloads up to 12 Aug 2024

      Other Metrics

      Citations

      View Options

      Get Access

      Login options

      Full Access

      View options

      PDF

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader

      Full Text

      View this article in Full Text.

      Full Text

      Media

      Figures

      Other

      Tables

      Share

      Share

      Share this Publication link

      Share on social media