Article

Energy-efficient computing for wildlife tracking: design tradeoffs and early experiences with ZebraNet

Authors:

Margaret Martonosi,

Daniel RubensteinAuthors Info & Claims

ASPLOS X: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems

Pages 96 - 107

https://doi.org/10.1145/605397.605408

Published: 01 October 2002 Publication History

Abstract

Over the past decade, mobile computing and wireless communication have become increasingly important drivers of many new computing applications. The field of wireless sensor networks particularly focuses on applications involving autonomous use of compute, sensing, and wireless communication devices for both scientific and commercial purposes. This paper examines the research decisions and design tradeoffs that arise when applying wireless peer-to-peer networking techniques in a mobile sensor network designed to support wildlife tracking for biology research.The ZebraNet system includes custom tracking collars (nodes) carried by animals under study across a large, wild area; the collars operate as a peer-to-peer network to deliver logged data back to researchers. The collars include global positioning system (GPS), Flash memory, wireless transceivers, and a small CPU; essentially each node is a small, wireless computing device. Since there is no cellular service or broadcast communication covering the region where animals are studied, ad hoc, peer-to-peer routing is needed. Although numerous ad hoc protocols exist, additional challenges arise because the researchers themselves are mobile and thus there is no fixed base station towards which to aim data. Overall, our goal is to use the least energy, storage, and other resources necessary to maintain a reliable system with a very high `data homing' success rate. We plan to deploy a 30-node ZebraNet system at the Mpala Research Centre in central Kenya. More broadly, we believe that the domain-centric protocols and energy tradeoffs presented here for ZebraNet will have general applicability in other wireless and sensor applications.

References

[1]

J. Altmann. Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behavior, 49:227-267, 1974.]]

[2]

J. Beuchner. Movement rules of african ungulates. Princeton University Senior Undergraduate Thesis. Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Advised by Prof. Dan Rubenstein., June 2002.]]

[3]

P. Bonnet, J. E. Gehrke, and P. Seshadri. Towards Sensor Database Systems. In Proc. Second International Conference on Mobile Data Management, Jan. 2001.]]

Digital Library

[4]

Carribean Conservation Corporation. http://www.cccturtle.org/satwelc.htm. 2002.]]

[5]

P. Eggenburger. GPS-MS1E Miniature GPS Receiver Module Data Sheet. u-Blox AG. URL: http://www.u-blox.ch/, Oct. 2001.]]

[6]

C. Ellis. The Case for Higher-level Power Management. In Proc. HotOS, Mar. 1999.]]

Digital Library

[7]

D. Estrin, D. Culler, K. Pister, and G. Sukhatme. Connecting the Physical World with Pervasive Networks. In Pervasive Computing, Jan. 2002.]]

Digital Library

[8]

D. Estrin, R. Govindran, J. Heidemann, and S. Kumar. Next Century Challenges: Scalable Coordination in Sensor Networks. In Proc. Fifth ACM/IEEE Int'l Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking, Aug. 1999.]]

Digital Library

[9]

D. Ganesan, B. Krishnamurthy, A. Woo, D. Culler, D. Estrin, and S. Wicker. An empirical study of epidemic algorithms in large scale multihop wireless networks. under submission, 2002.]]

[10]

Habit Research. http://www.habitresearch.com/. 2002.]]

[11]

Z. Hass. On the Relaying Capability of the Reconfigurable Wireless Network. In Proc. IEEE 47th Vehicular Technology Conference, Vol 2, pp. 1148-1152, May 1997.]]

[12]

W. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan, and H. Balakrishnan. Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks. In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Jan. 2000.]]

Digital Library

[13]

J. Hill, R. Szewczyk, A. Woo, S. Hollar, D. E. Culler, and K. S. J. Pister. System Architecture Directions for Networked Sensors. In Proc. Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, pages 93-104, 2000.]]

Digital Library

[14]

C. Intanagonwiwat, R. Govindran, and D. Estrin. Directed Diffusion: A Scalable and Robust Communication Paradigm for Sensor Networks. In Proc. Sixth ACM/IEEE Int'l Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking, Aug. 1999.]]

Digital Library

[15]

D. Johnson and D. Maltz. Dynamic Source Routing in Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks. In T. Imielinski and H. Korth, editors, Mobile Computing, pages 153-181. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.]]

[16]

P. Karn. MACA - A New Channel Access Method for Packet Radio. In Proc. 9th Computer Networking Conference, 1990.]]

[17]

S. Lindsey, C. Raghavendra, and K. Sivalingam. Data Gathering in Sensor Networks using the Energy*Delay Metric. In Proc. Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, Apr. 2001.]]

Digital Library

[18]

LINX Technologies, Inc. Sc series transceiver module design guide. http://www.linxtechnologies.com/, Apr. 2001.]]

[19]

Lotek Corp. http://www.lotek.com. 2002.]]

[20]

S. Madden, R. Szewczyk, M. J. Franklin, and D. Culler. Supporting Aggregate Queries Over Ad-Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks. In Proc. 4th IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, June 2002.]]

Digital Library

[21]

A. Mainwaring, J. Polastre, R. Szewczyk, and D. Culler. Wireless Sensor Networks for Habitat Monitoring. In Intel Research, IRB-TR-02-006, June 2002.]]

[22]

Maxstream. 24xstream wireless modem datasheet. http://www.maxstream.net/, July 2002.]]

[23]

S. Meguerdichian, F. Koushanfar, M. Potkonjak, and M. Srivastava. Coverage Problems in Wireless Ad-Hoc Sensor Networks. In Proc. IEEE Infocom 2001, Vol 3, pp. 1380-1387, Apr. 2001.]]

[24]

S. Meguerdichian, F. Koushanfar, G. Qu, and M. Potkonjak. Exposure In Wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks. In Proc. MobiCom '01, pp. 139-150, July 2001.]]

Digital Library

[25]

Mpala Research Centre. http://www.nasm.edu/ceps/mpala. 2002.]]

[26]

S. Murthy and J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves. An Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Networks. ACM Mobile Networks and Applications Journal, Special Issue on Routing in Mobile Communication Networks, Oct. 1996.]]

Digital Library

[27]

NASA Satellite Tracking of Threatened Species. http://sdcd.gsfc.nasa.gov/ISTO/satellite_tracking/. 2002.]]

[28]

C. Okino and M. Corr. Statistically Accurate Sensor Networking. In Proc. Wireless Communication and Networking Conference, Mar. 2002.]]

[29]

C. Perkins and P. Bhagwat. Highly Dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV) for Mobile Computers. Computer Communications Review, Oct. 1994.]]

Digital Library

[30]

C. Perkins and E. Royer. Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing. In Proc. IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, Feb. 1999.]]

Digital Library

[31]

G. Pottie and W. Kaiser. Wireless Integrated Network Sensors. Communications of the ACM, May 2000.]]

Digital Library

[32]

Raghunathan et al. Energy-Aware Wireless Microsensor Networks. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, Mar. 2002.]]

[33]

E. Royer and C.-K. Toh. A Review of Current Routing Protocols for Ad-Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks. IEEE Personal Comunications Magazine, Apr. 1999.]]

[34]

D. I. Rubenstein. The ecology of female social behavior in horses, zebras, and asses. In P. Jarman and A. Rossiter, editors, Animal Societies: Individuals, Interactions and Organizations, pages 13-28. Kyoto University Press, 1994.]]

[35]

Symbol Technologies Inc. S24 High Rate OEM Module Integration Guide. Revision A. http://www.symbol.com, Feb. 2002.]]

[36]

S. Tilak, N. Abu-Ghazaleh, and W. Heinzelman. A Taxonomy of Wireless Micro-Sensor Network Models. June 2002.]]

[37]

United Solar Systems Corp. Web page and technical specifications. http://ovonic.com/unitedsolar/flexiblemodulespecs.html, 2002.]]

[38]

A. Vahdat and D. Becker. Epidemic routing for partially connected ad hoc networks. Technical report, Apr. 2000. Technical Report CS-200006, Duke University.]]

Cited By

Maeng KLucia BRodríguez GSadayappan PSukumaran-Rajam A(2024)Compiler-Based Memory Encryption for Machine Learning on Commodity Low-Power DevicesProceedings of the 33rd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Compiler Construction10.1145/3640537.3641564(198-211)Online publication date: 17-Feb-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3640537.3641564
Zeng YQin HLi RWang KWang GLin X(2024)Mining Quasi-Periodic Communities in Temporal Network2024 IEEE 40th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE)10.1109/ICDE60146.2024.00195(2476-2488)Online publication date: 13-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDE60146.2024.00195
Yan KHu HXu GLi LFu YZhang G(2024)Opportunistic Network Selfish Node Detection Algorithm Based on Credibility Combining Energy and Cache2024 27th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD)10.1109/CSCWD61410.2024.10580681(1603-1608)Online publication date: 8-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/CSCWD61410.2024.10580681
Show More Cited By

Energy-efficient computing for wildlife tracking: design tradeoffs and early experiences with ZebraNet
1. Networks
  1. Network types

Recommendations

Energy-efficient computing for wildlife tracking: design tradeoffs and early experiences with ZebraNet

Over the past decade, mobile computing and wireless communication have become increasingly important drivers of many new computing applications. The field of wireless sensor networks particularly focuses on applications involving autonomous use of ...
Energy-efficient computing for wildlife tracking: design tradeoffs and early experiences with ZebraNet
Special Issue: Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems

Over the past decade, mobile computing and wireless communication have become increasingly important drivers of many new computing applications. The field of wireless sensor networks particularly focuses on applications involving autonomous use of ...
Energy-efficient computing for wildlife tracking: design tradeoffs and early experiences with ZebraNet

Over the past decade, mobile computing and wireless communication have become increasingly important drivers of many new computing applications. The field of wireless sensor networks particularly focuses on applications involving autonomous use of ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

ASPLOS X: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems

October 2002

318 pages

ISBN:1581135742

DOI:10.1145/605397

Conference Chair:
Kourosh Gharachorloo
Compaq Western Research Lab
,
Program Chair:
David A. Wood

ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News Volume 30, Issue 5
Special Issue: Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems
December 2002
296 pages
ISSN:0163-5964
DOI:10.1145/635506
Issue’s Table of Contents
ACM SIGPLAN Notices Volume 37, Issue 10
October 2002
296 pages
ISSN:0362-1340
EISSN:1558-1160
DOI:10.1145/605432
Issue’s Table of Contents
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review Volume 36, Issue 5
December 2002
296 pages
ISSN:0163-5980
DOI:10.1145/635508
Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2002 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 October 2002

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Qualifiers

Article

Conference

ASPLOS02

Sponsor:

ASPLOS02: Tenth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems

October 5 - 9, 2002

California, San Jose

Acceptance Rates

ASPLOS X Paper Acceptance Rate 24 of 175 submissions, 14%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 535 of 2,713 submissions, 20%

Upcoming Conference

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

1,425
Total Citations
View Citations
5,501
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)247
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)19

Reflects downloads up to 27 Jul 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Maeng KLucia BRodríguez GSadayappan PSukumaran-Rajam A(2024)Compiler-Based Memory Encryption for Machine Learning on Commodity Low-Power DevicesProceedings of the 33rd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Compiler Construction10.1145/3640537.3641564(198-211)Online publication date: 17-Feb-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3640537.3641564
Zeng YQin HLi RWang KWang GLin X(2024)Mining Quasi-Periodic Communities in Temporal Network2024 IEEE 40th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE)10.1109/ICDE60146.2024.00195(2476-2488)Online publication date: 13-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDE60146.2024.00195
Yan KHu HXu GLi LFu YZhang G(2024)Opportunistic Network Selfish Node Detection Algorithm Based on Credibility Combining Energy and Cache2024 27th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD)10.1109/CSCWD61410.2024.10580681(1603-1608)Online publication date: 8-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/CSCWD61410.2024.10580681
Wan ZWan JCheng WYu JYan YTan HWu J(2023)A Wireless Sensor System for Diabetic Retinopathy Grading Using MobileViT-Plus and ResNet-Based Hybrid Deep Learning FrameworkApplied Sciences10.3390/app1311656913:11(6569)Online publication date: 29-May-2023
https://doi.org/10.3390/app13116569
Hasan SPadmanabhan ADavie BRexford JKozat UGatewood HSanadhya SYurchenko NAl-Khasib TBatalla OBremner MLee AMakeev EMoeller SRodriguez AShelar PSubraveti KKandi SXoconostle AKumar Ramakrishnan PTian X(2023)Building Flexible, Low-Cost Wireless Access Networks with MagmaGetMobile: Mobile Computing and Communications10.1145/3631588.363159927:3(40-47)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3631588.3631599
Cui MWang QXiong J(2023)Bracelet +: Harvesting Leaked RF Energy in VLC with Body AntennaGetMobile: Mobile Computing and Communications10.1145/3631588.363159627:3(23-26)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3631588.3631596
Luo QZhang HXu MDi BChen AMao SNiyato DHan Z(2023)An Overview of 3GPP Standardization for Extended Reality (XR) in 5G and BeyondGetMobile: Mobile Computing and Communications10.1145/3631588.363159227:3(10-17)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3631588.3631592
Rothrock BGreenlee EHester J(2023)Community-Driven Mobile and Ubiquitous ComputingGetMobile: Mobile Computing and Communications10.1145/3631588.363159027:3(5-9)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3631588.3631590
Pena B(2023)Money as an InterfaceInteractions10.1145/362770230:6(42-46)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3627702
Calacci D(2023)Building Dreams Beyond Labor: Worker Autonomy in the Age of AIInteractions10.1145/362624530:6(48-51)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3626245
Show More Cited By

View Options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Table of Contents