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The development of the SIMULA languages

Authors:

Kristen Nygaard and

Ole-Johan DahlAuthors Info & Claims

ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Volume 13, Issue 8

Pages 245 - 272

https://doi.org/10.1145/960118.808391

Published: 01 August 1978 Publication History

Abstract

The organizers of this conference have told us that we should write at least 25 pages of manuscript, but that we may produce as many pages more as we wanted. Perhaps they did not envisage the possible consequences, but we have taken their words at face value.

This paper has implied a vast amount of work and archeological activities. We are grateful to SIGPLAN for defining a task to which resources had to be allocated by our institutions and which forced us to write down an account of our work from 1961 to 1971. While we are writing this preface, those years are very much alive to us. We realize that we lived through this period in a state of semimadness, a combination of very hard work, frustration, and euphoria.

References

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Agreement 1963 June 1. Agreement made 1st day of June by and between Sperry Rand Corporation (UNIVAC) and the Royal Norwegian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (by NCC). (D).]]

[2]

Agreement 1967. Agreement on Implementation of the SIMULA 67 language between Control Data A/S Norway and the Norwegian Computing Center, Oslo May 23, 1967. NCC Doc. (D).]]

[3]

Agreement 1969 September. Draft outline for a SIMULA 67 agreement between UNIVAC and the Norwegian Computing Center. (D).]]

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Birtwistle, G.M., et al, 1973. SIMULA BEGIN, Studentlitteratur, Lund, Sweden and AUERBACH Publ. Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. (P).]]

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Blunden, G.P. 1968. Implicit interaction in Process Models. In Buxton, J.N., ed. Simulation Programming Languages, pp. 283-287 Amsterdam: North-Holland Publ. Comp. (P).]]

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Christopher, C.A. 1964 February 28. Letter to Leif K. Olaussen, Director NCC. (C).]]

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Christopher, C.A. 1965 December 15. Letter to Leif Olaussen, Director, NCC. (C).]]

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Clark, I.A. 1966 Jauary 27. Letter to Leif Olaussen, Director, NCC. (C).]]

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Clark, I.A. 1967 January 24. Letter to Kristen Nygaard, NCC. (C).]]

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Dahl, O-J. 1963 November. The SIMULA Storage Allocation Scheme, NCC Doc. 162. (D).]]

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Dahl, O-J. 1964 February/March. The SIMULA Data Structures. NCC Doc. (D).]]

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Dahl, O-J. 1968 January 24. Letter to C.A.R. Hoare, Elliott-Automation Computers Ltd., Herts, England. (C).]]

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Dahl, O-J. 1968. Discrete Event Simulation Languages. In Genuys, F., ed.Programming Languages, pp. 349-395. London and New York: Academic Press. (P).]]

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Dahl, O-J. and Hoare, C.A.R. 1972. Hierarchical Program Structures. In Dahl, O-J., Dijkstra, E.W., and Hoare, C.A.R. Structured Programming, pp.175-220. London and New York: Academic Press. (P).]]

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Dahl, O-J. and Myhrhaug, B. 1969 June. SIMULA 67 Implementation Guide. NCC Publ. No. S-9. (D).]]

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Dahl, O-J. and Nygaard, K. 1963 May. Preliminary Presentation of the SIMULA Language (as of May 18th 1963) and some examples of network descriptions, NCC Doc. (D).]]

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Dahl, O-J. and Nygaard, K. 1964 March. THE SIMULA LANGUAGE. Specifications 17 March 1964. NCC Doc. (D).]]

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Dahl, O-J. and Nygaard, K. 1964 July. The SIMULA Project. Technical Progress Report 1. July 1964. NCC Doc. (D).]]

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Dahl, O-J. and Nygaard, K. 1965 May. -SIMULA- A language for programming and description of discrete event systems. Introduction and user's manual. NCC Publ. No. 11. (D).]]

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Dahl, O-J. and Nygaard K. 1966 September. SIMULA -an ALGOL-based Simulation Language. CACM 9(9): 671-678. (P).]]

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Dahl, O-J. and Nygaard, K. 1967 March. Class and subclass declaration. NCC document. (As presented at the IFIP Working Conference on Simulation Programming Languages, Oslo May 1967). (D).]]

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Dahl, O-J. and Nygaard, K. 1967 May. SIMULA 67 Common Base Proposal. NCC. Doc. (D).]]

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Dahl, O-J. and Nygaard, K. 1967 June. Proposal for Consideration by the SIMULA 67 Common Base Conference, June 1967. (D).]]

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Dahl, O-J. and Nygaard, K. 1967 June. SIMULA 67 Common Base Definition. NCC Doc. (D).]]

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Dahl, O-J. and Nygaard, K. 1968. Class and subclass declarations. In Buxton, J.N., ed., Simulation Programming Languages, pp.158-171. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publ. Comp. 1968. (P).]]

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Dahl, O-J. Myhrhaug, B. and Nygaard, K. 1966. SIMULA. Simula Tracing System. NCC Doc. (D).]]

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Dahl, O-J. Myhrhaug, B. and Nygaard, K. 1968 May. The SIMULA 67 Common Base Language. NCC Publ. S-2. (D).]]

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Dahl, O-J. Myhrhaug, B. and Nygaard, K. 1968 Oct. Some Uses of the External Class Concept in SIMULA 67. (Presented by P.M. Kjeldaas at the NATO sponsored conference on Software Engineering, Garmisch, Germany, 7th-11th October 1968;) referred in the conference report Software Engineering 1968, ed.: Naur, P. and Randell, B., p. 157) NCC Doc. (D).]]

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Dahl, O-J. Myhrhaug, B and Nygaard, K. 1970 October. Common Base Language. NCC Publ. No. S-22. (Revised edition of S-2). (P).]]

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Dijkstra, E.W. 1968 May. The Structure of THE Multiprogramming System. CACM 11(5). (P).]]

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Garwick, J.V. 1968. Do we need all these languages? In Buxton, J.N., ed., Simulation Programming Languages, pp.143-154. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publ. Comp. (P).]]

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Gorchow, N. 1966 January 10. Telegram to Leif Olaussen, NCC. (C).]]

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Gordon, G. 1962 September. A General Purpose Systems Simulator. IBM Systems Journal. 1.(P).]]

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Hegna, H., Lund, O.J., and Nygaard, K. 1968 June. User's experience with the SIMULA language. NCC Doc. (D).]]

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Hoare, C.A.R. 1965 November. Record Handling. In ALGOL Bulletin No. 21. (P).]]

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Hoare, C.A.R. 1966 May. Further Thoughts on Record Handling. In ALGOL Bulletin No. 23.(P).]]

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Hoare, C.A.R. 1968. Record Handling. In Genuys, F. ed. Programming Languages, pp. 291-347. London and New York: Academic Press. (P).]]

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Hoare, C.A.R. 1972. (P). Proof of Correctness of Data Representations. Acta Informatica 1:271-281.]]

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Hoare, C.A.R. 1974 October. Monitors: an operating system structuring concept. CACM 17(10): 548-557. (P).]]

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Holbæk-Hansen, E., Handlykken, P., and Nygaard, K. 1975 September. System Description and the DELTA Language. DELTA Project Report No. 4, NCC Publ. No. 523. Oslo: Norwegian Computing Center. (P).]]

[44]

Ichbiah, J.D. and Morse, S.P. 1969 December. General Concepts of the SIMULA 67 Programming Language. DR. SA. 69. 132 ND. Compagnie Internationale pour l'Informatique. (P).]]

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Jonassen, A. and Dahl, O-J. 1975. Analysis of an Algorithm for Priority Queue Administration. BIT 15(4): 409-422. (P).]]

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Knuth, D.E., and McNeley, J.L. 1964 August. SOL - A Symbolic Language for General Purpose Simulation. IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers.ED-13(4): 401-408. (P).]]

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Knuth, D.E., 1964 August. A Formal Definition of SOL, IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers, ED-13(4) 409-414.(P)]]

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Kristensen, B.B., Madsen, O.L., and Nygaard, K. 1977 September. BETA Language Development. Survey Report 1. November 1976. (Revised Version, September 1977). RECAU-76-77, DAIMI PB-65, NCC Publication No. 559. (P).]]

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Markowitz, H.M., Hausner, B. and Karr, H.W. 1963. SIMSCRIPT, A Simulation Programming Language.Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall. (P).]]

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McNeley, J.L. 1968. Compound declarations. In Buxton, J.N., ed. Simulation Program Languages, pp.292-303. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publ. Comp. (P).]]

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Murphy, J.S. 1968 July 10. Letter to Kristen Nygaard, NCC. (C).]]

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Myhrhaug, B. 1965. Sequencing Set Efficiency. Working Paper. (D).]]

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Myhrhaug, B. 1967 April 25. Letter to I. A. Clark, Systems Programming, UNIVAC, Minnesota. (C).]]

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Myhrhaug, B. 1967 October. A note on string handling facilities in SIMULA 67 Common Base. NCC Publ. No. D24. (D).]]

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Myhrhaug, B. 1968 January. Proposal for string and input/output definition in SIMULA 67 Common Base. Preliminary presentation. NCC Publ. No. 212. (D).]]

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Naur, P. et al. 1960 May. ALGOL 60 Report. CACM 3(5). (P).]]

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Naur, P. 1963 January. Revised ALGOL Report. CACM 6(1): 1-17. (P).]]

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NCC 1967 June. Recommendations from the SIMULA 67 Common Base Conference, NCC, June 1967. (D).]]

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NCC 1968. 1107/1108 SIMULA 67 Project. Internal Information No. 1, July 22, 1968. (D).]]

[60]

NCC 1968 July 26. SIMULA Newsletter No. 1. (D).]]

[61]

Nickitas, J.W. 1965 September 13. Letter to Kristen Nygaard, NCC. (C).]]

[62]

Nygaard, K. 1962 January 5. Letter to Charles Salzmann, CFRO, Paris. (C).]]

[63]

Nygaard, K. 1962 September 24. Diskret-begivenhets nettverk. (Discrete event networks) Note, in Norwegian. (D).]]

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Nygaard, K. 1963. SIMULA, An Extension of ALGOL to the Description of Discrete Event Networks. In Proceedings, IFIP Congress62, pp.520-522. North-Holland Publ. Comp. (P).]]

[65]

Nygaard, K. 1963 April 17. Letter to C. A. Christopher, Director of Procurement, UNIVAC (C).]]

[66]

Nygaard, K. 1963 May 18. Letter to A. M. Paster, Manager Systems Research, UNIVAC, New York. (C).]]

[67]

Nygaard, K. 1963. A status report on SIMULA - a language for the description of discrete-event networks. |In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Operational Research, pp.825-831. London: English Universities Press Ltd. (P).]]

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Nygaard, K. 1963 September 19. Opparbeidelse av kompetanse innenfor Real-time Systemer. (Building up competence on real-time systems). Note, in Norwegian. (D).]]

[69]

Nygaard, K. 1965 August 15. The Software Contract between UNIVAC and the Norwegian Computing Center. NCC Doc. (D).]]

[70]

Nygaard, K. 1965. Report on the use of SIMULA up to December 1965. NCC Doc. (D).]]

[71]

Nygaard, K. 1966 February 17. Letter to S. M. Haffter, UNIVAC Sperry Rand Corporation, Lausanne. (C).]]

[72]

Nygaard, K. 1967 November 3. Letter to C.A.R. Hoare, Elliott-Automation Computers Ltd., Herts., England. (C).]]

[73]

Nygaard, K. 1968 January 29. Letter to Niklaus Wizth, Rechenzentrum der Universität, Zürich. (C).]]

[74]

Nygaard, K. 1968 April 2. En redegjørelse for samarbeidet mellom Det russiske vitenskapsakademi og Norsk Regnesentral om bruk av prograrameringssprãket SIMULA 1 Soviet. (An account of the cooperation between the Russian Academy of Science and the Norwegian Computing Center on the use in the Soviet Union of the programming language SIMULA). Note, in Norwegian. (D).]]

[75]

Nygaard, K. 1968 September. Oversikt over NR's SIMULA-engasjement. (Survey of NCC's commitment to SIMULA). Note, in Norwegian. (D).]]

[76]

Nygaard, K. 1968 September. Markedsføring av SIMULA 67. (Marketing of SIMULA 67). Note, in Norwegian. (D).]]

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Nygaard, K. 1969 September 26. Letter to Peter Weil, Manager, Contracts and Pricing, UNIVAC, England. (C).]]

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Nygaard, K. and Dahl, O-J. 1965. SIMULA - a language for describing discrete event systems. In Proceedings of IFIP Congress 65. Vol 2, pp.554-555. Washington, D.C. and London: Spartan Books and MacMillan and Co. (P).]]

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Palme, J. 1968. A comparison between SIMULA and FORTRAN. BIT 8: 203-209. (P).]]

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Paster, A.M. 1962 October 12. Letter to Kristen Nygaard, NCC. (C).]]

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Reitan, B. 1969 September 4. Letter to Kristen Nygaard, NCC. (C).]]

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Roach, 1963 July 3. Telegram to Kristen Nygaard, NCC. (C).]]

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Ross, D.T., and Rodriguez, J.E. 1963. Theoretical Foundations for the Computer-aided Design System. In Proceedings of the SJCC, p.305.(P).]]

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SIMULA Standards Group 1968. Report from the meeting of the SIMULA Standards Group, held in Oslo, Norway on February 10th 1968. (D).]]

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Statutes 1967 May 23. Statutes for the SIMULA Standards Group. NCC Doc. (D).]]

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Stevenson, F. 1967 November. LOGIC, A computer program for simulation of digital logic networks. NCC Doc. (D).]]

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Tocher, K.D. 1963. The Art of Simulation. The English Universities Press Ltd. (P).]]

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Wegner, P. 1976 December. Programming Languages - The first 25 years. IEEE Transactions on computersC-25(12): pp.1207-1225. (P).]]

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Wang, A., and Dahl, O-J. 1971. Coroutine Sequencing in a Block Structured Environment. BIT 11:425-449. (P).]]

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Weizenbaum, J. 1962 March. Knotted List Structures. CACM 5(3): 161-165. (P).]]

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Wirth, N. 1968 February 14. Letter to Kristen Nygaard, NCC. (C).]]

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Index Terms

The development of the SIMULA languages
1. Social and professional topics
  1. Professional topics
    1. History of computing
2. Software and its engineering
  1. Software notations and tools
    1. General programming languages
      1. Language types

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Published In

cover image ACM SIGPLAN Notices

ACM SIGPLAN Notices Volume 13, Issue 8

Special issue: History of programming languages conference

August 1978

302 pages

ISSN:0362-1340

EISSN:1558-1160

DOI:10.1145/960118

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 1978 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s).

Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author.

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Association for Computing Machinery

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Publication History

Published: 01 August 1978

Published in SIGPLAN Volume 13, Issue 8

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