Article

A robust algorithm for reading detection

Authors:

Christopher S. Campbell,

Paul P. MaglioAuthors Info & Claims

PUI '01: Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Perceptive user interfaces

Pages 1 - 7

https://doi.org/10.1145/971478.971503

Published: 15 November 2001 Publication History

Get Access

Abstract

As video cameras become cheaper and more pervasive, there is now increased opportunity for user interfaces to take advantage of user gaze data. Eye movements provide a powerful source of information that can be used to determine user intentions and interests. In this paper, we develop and test a method for recognizing when users are reading text based solely on eye-movement data. The experimental results show that our reading detection method is robust to noise, individual differences, and variations in text difficulty. Compared to a simple detection algorithm, our algorithm reliably, quickly, and accurately recognizes and tracks reading. Thus, we provide a means to capture normal user activity, enabling interfaces that incorporate more natural interactions of human and computer.

References

[1]

Flesch, R. (1948). A new readability yardstick. Journal of Applied Psychology, 32, 221--233.

Crossref

Google Scholar

[2]

Jacob, R. J. K. (1993). Eye movement-based human-computer interaction techniques: Toward non-command interfaces. In Hartson, D. & Hix, (Eds.)., Advances in Human-Computer Interaction, Vol 4, pp. 151--180. Ablex: Norwood, NJ.

Google Scholar

[3]

Jacob, R. J. K. (1990). What you look at is what you get: Eye movement-based interaction techniques. Proceedings ACM CHI'90 Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp 11--18.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[4]

Just, M. A., & Carpenter, P. A. (1980). A theory of reading: From eye fixations to comprehension. Psychological Review, 87, 329--354.

Crossref

Google Scholar

[5]

Maglio, P. P., Barrett, R., Campbell, C. S., & Selker, T. (1999). Suitor: An attentive user interface. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces 2000. New York: ACM Press.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[6]

Maglio, P. P., & Campbell, C. S. (1999). Tradeoffs in displaying peripheral information. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2000). New York: ACM Press.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[7]

McConkie, G. W. (1983). Eye movements and perception during reading, in K. Rayner (Ed.). Eye movements in reading, Academic Press: NY, pp 65--96.

Google Scholar

[8]

Nielsen, J. (1993). Noncommand user interfaces, Communications of the ACM, 36(4), pp. 83--99.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[9]

Reichle, E. D., Alexander, P., Fisher, D. L., & Rayner, K. (1998). Toward a model of eye movement control in reading. Psychological Review, 105, 125--157.

Crossref

Google Scholar

[10]

Salvucci, D. (1999). Inferring intent in eye-based interfaces: Tracing eye movements with process models, Proceedings ACM CHI'99 Human-Factors in Computing Systems, pp 254--261.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

[11]

Starker, I., & Bolt, R. A. (1990). A Gaze-responsive self-disclosing display, Proceedings ACM CHI'90 Human-Factors in Computing Systems, pp 3--9.

Digital Library

Google Scholar

Cited By

View all

Heo SManduchi RChung S(2024)Reading with Screen Magnification: Eye Movement Analysis Using Compensated Gaze TracksProceedings of the 2024 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications10.1145/3649902.3656493(1-6)Online publication date: 4-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3649902.3656493
Bektaş KStrecker JMayer SGarcia K(2024)Gaze-enabled activity recognition for augmented reality feedbackComputers and Graphics10.1016/j.cag.2024.103909119:COnline publication date: 1-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.cag.2024.103909
Zuo YMa JGong ZZhao JZang L(2024)User Interaction Mode Selection and Preferences in Different Driving States of Automotive Intelligent CockpitDesign, User Experience, and Usability10.1007/978-3-031-61353-1_18(262-274)Online publication date: 15-Jun-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61353-1_18
Show More Cited By

A robust algorithm for reading detection
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)
    1. Interaction devices

Recommendations

Reading detection in real-time
ETRA '19: Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications

Observable reading behavior, the act of moving the eyes over lines of text, is highly stereotyped among the users of a language, and this has led to the development of reading detectors-methods that input windows of sequential fixations and output ...
Intelligent gaze-added interfaces
CHI '00: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

We discuss a novel type of interface, the intelligent gaze-added interface, and describe the design and evaluation of a sample gaze-added operating-system interface. Gaze-added interfaces, like current gaze-based systems, allow users to execute commands ...
Eye detection and coarse localization of pupil for video-based eye tracking systems
Abstract
A video-based eye tracking system generally captures NIR images, each of which contains one or two eyes of a subject. The subject’s point of gaze is then determined using 3D eye model and pupil centre corneal reflection technique. Eye detection ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

PUI '01: Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Perceptive user interfaces

November 2001

241 pages

ISBN:9781450374736

DOI:10.1145/971478

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 15 November 2001

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Article

Conference

PUI01

PUI01: Workshop on Perceptive User Interfaces

November 15 - 16, 2001

Florida, Orlando, USA

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

61
Total Citations
View Citations
713
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)32
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)3

Reflects downloads up to 17 Oct 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all

Heo SManduchi RChung S(2024)Reading with Screen Magnification: Eye Movement Analysis Using Compensated Gaze TracksProceedings of the 2024 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications10.1145/3649902.3656493(1-6)Online publication date: 4-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3649902.3656493
Bektaş KStrecker JMayer SGarcia K(2024)Gaze-enabled activity recognition for augmented reality feedbackComputers and Graphics10.1016/j.cag.2024.103909119:COnline publication date: 1-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.cag.2024.103909
Zuo YMa JGong ZZhao JZang L(2024)User Interaction Mode Selection and Preferences in Different Driving States of Automotive Intelligent CockpitDesign, User Experience, and Usability10.1007/978-3-031-61353-1_18(262-274)Online publication date: 15-Jun-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61353-1_18
Baray SAhmed MChowdhury MKise K(2023)EOG-Based Reading Detection in the Wild Using Spectrograms and Nested Classification ApproachIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2023.331603211(105619-105632)Online publication date: 2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3316032
Cao YDing YProctor RDuffy VLiu YZhang X(2021)Detecting users’ usage intentions for websites employing deep learning on eye-tracking dataInformation Technology and Management10.1007/s10799-021-00336-622:4(281-292)Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/s10799-021-00336-6
Elmadjian CGonzales CMorimoto C(2021)Eye Movement Classification with Temporal Convolutional NetworksPattern Recognition. ICPR International Workshops and Challenges10.1007/978-3-030-68796-0_28(390-404)Online publication date: 21-Feb-2021
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68796-0_28
Duchowski A(2020)Eye-based interaction in graphical systemsACM SIGGRAPH 2020 Courses10.1145/3388769.3407492(1-246)Online publication date: 17-Aug-2020
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3388769.3407492
Priyanayana KJayasekara AGopura R(2020)Multimodal Behavior Analysis of Human-Robot Navigational Commands2020 3rd International Conference on Control and Robots (ICCR)10.1109/ICCR51572.2020.9344419(79-84)Online publication date: 26-Dec-2020
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCR51572.2020.9344419
Gwizdka JDillon A(2020)Eye-Tracking as a Method for Enhancing Research on Information SearchUnderstanding and Improving Information Search10.1007/978-3-030-38825-6_9(161-181)Online publication date: 30-May-2020
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38825-6_9
Landsmann MAugereau OKise KHarle RFarrahi KLane N(2019)Classification of reading and not reading behavior based on eye movement analysisAdjunct Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers10.1145/3341162.3343811(109-112)Online publication date: 9-Sep-2019
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3341162.3343811
Show More Cited By

View Options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Cited By

Recommendations

Reading detection in real-time

Intelligent gaze-added interfaces

Eye detection and coarse localization of pupil for video-based eye tracking systems

Comments

Published In

Publisher

Publication History

Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Conference

Other Metrics

Article Metrics

Other Metrics

Cited By

Login options

Full Access

PDF

eReader

Abstract

References

Cited By

Recommendations

Reading detection in real-time

Intelligent gaze-added interfaces

Eye detection and coarse localization of pupil for video-based eye tracking systems

Comments

Information

Published In

Publisher

Publication History

Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Conference

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Get Access

Login options

Full Access

View options

PDF

eReader

Figures

Other

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media

Affiliations