review-article

Impact of EU duty cycle and transmission power limitations for sub-GHz LPWAN SRDs: an overview and future challenges

Authors:

Martijn Saelens,

Jeroen Hoebeke,

Eli De PoorterAuthors Info & Claims

Volume 2019, Issue 1

Pages 1 - 32

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-019-1502-5

Published: 01 December 2019 Publication History

Abstract

Long-range sub-GHz technologies such as LoRaWAN, SigFox, IEEE 802.15.4, and DASH7 are increasingly popular for academic research and daily life applications. However, especially in the European Union (EU), the use of their corresponding frequency bands are tightly regulated, since they must confirm to the short-range device (SRD) regulations. Regulations and standards for SRDs exist on various levels, from global to national, but are often a source of confusion. Not only are multiple institutes responsible for drafting legislation and regulations, depending on the type of document can these rules be informational or mandatory. Regulations also vary from region to region; for example, regulations in the United States of America (USA) rely on electrical field strength and harmonic strength, while EU regulations are based on duty cycle and maximum transmission power. A common misconception is the presence of a common 1% duty cycle, while in fact the duty cycle is frequency band-specific and can be loosened under certain circumstances. This paper clarifies the various regulations for the European region, the parties involved in drafting and enforcing regulation, and the impact on recent technologies such as SigFox, LoRaWAN, and DASH7. Furthermore, an overview is given of potential mitigation approaches to cope with the duty cycle constraints, as well as future research directions.

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Mosavat SZella MHandte MGolkowski AMarrón P(2023)Experience: ARISTOTLE: wAke-up ReceIver-based, STar tOpology baTteryLEss sensor networkProceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks10.1145/3583120.3586961(177-190)Online publication date: 9-May-2023
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Azari AMasoudi MStefanović ČCavdar C(2023)Reliable and Energy-Efficient IoT Systems: Design Considerations in Coexistence DeploymentsIEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management10.1109/TNSM.2023.329605920:3(2412-2427)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2023
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cover image EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking Volume 2019, Issue 1

Feb 2019

1188 pages

ISSN:1687-1472

EISSN:1687-1499

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Copyright © 2019 The Author(s).

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Hindawi Limited

London, United Kingdom

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Published: 01 December 2019

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Cited By

Mosavat SZella MHandte MGolkowski AMarrón P(2023)Experience: ARISTOTLE: wAke-up ReceIver-based, STar tOpology baTteryLEss sensor networkProceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks10.1145/3583120.3586961(177-190)Online publication date: 9-May-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3583120.3586961
Azari AMasoudi MStefanović ČCavdar C(2023)Reliable and Energy-Efficient IoT Systems: Design Considerations in Coexistence DeploymentsIEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management10.1109/TNSM.2023.329605920:3(2412-2427)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNSM.2023.3296059
Xia XChen QHou NZheng YGummeson JLee SGao JXing G(2022)HyLinkProceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems10.1145/3560905.3568516(578-591)Online publication date: 6-Nov-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3560905.3568516
Álamos JKietzmann PSchmidt TWählisch M(2022)DSME-LoRa: Seamless Long-range Communication between Arbitrary Nodes in the Constrained IoTACM Transactions on Sensor Networks10.1145/355243218:4(1-43)Online publication date: 29-Nov-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3552432
Van Leemput DNaessens AElsas RHoebeke JPoorter E(2021)Algorithm for Distributed Duty Cycle Adherence in Multi-Hop RPL NetworksProceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems10.1145/3485730.3492874(369-370)Online publication date: 15-Nov-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3485730.3492874

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