Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
research-article

Effects of virtual agent and object representation on experiencing exhibited artifacts

Published: 01 October 2019 Publication History

Highlights

Virtual embodied guides elicit a higher sense of spatial as well as social presence and appear more credible to users than virtual audio guides.
Virtual guides that are content-related (e.g., an astronaut in a space museum scenario) improve the user experience in terms of attractiveness, stimulation and novelty.
Museum environments with a virtual component (i.e., a virtual guide or exhibit) are more engaging and support the learning of visual details.

Graphical abstract

Display Omitted

Abstract

With the emergence of speech-controlled virtual agents (VAs) in consumer devices such as Amazon’s Echo or Apple’s HomePod, we have seen a large public interest in related technologies. While most of the current interactive conversational VAs appear in the form of voice-only assistants, other representations showing, for example, a contextually related or generic humanoid body are possible. In our previous work, we analyzed the effectiveness of different forms of VAs in the context of a virtual reality (VR) exhibition space. We found positive evidence that agent embodiment induces a higher sense of spatial and social presence. The results also suggest that both embodied and thematically related audio-visual representations of VAs positively affect the overall user experience. We extend this work by further analyzing the effects of the physicality of the agent’s environment (i.e., virtual vs. real). The results of the follow-up study indicate some benefits of virtual environments, e.g., regarding user engagement and learning of visual facts. We also evaluate some interaction effects between the representations of the virtual agent and its surrounding and discuss implications on the design of exhibition spaces.

References

[1]
K. Kim, M. Billinghurst, G. Bruder, Duh H.B.-L., G. Welch, Revisiting trends in augmented reality research: a review of the 2nd decade of ISMAR (2008–2017), Proceedings of the IEEE TVCG, 2018, pp. 1–16.
[2]
N. Norouzi, Kim K., J. Hochreiter, Lee M., S. Daher, G. Bruder, et al., A systematic survey of 15 years of user studies published in the intelligent virtual agents conference, Proceedings of the IVA, 2018.
[3]
M.W. Alibali, Gesture in spatial cognition: expressing, communicating, and thinking about spatial information, Spat Cogn Comput 5 (4) (2005) 307–331.
[4]
S. Schmidt, G. Bruder, F. Steinicke, Effects of embodiment on generic and content-specific intelligent virtual agents as exhibition guides, Proceedings of the international conference on artificial reality and Telexistence and Eurographics symposium on virtual environments (ICAT-EGVE), The Eurographics Association, 2018.
[5]
T. Holz, A.G. Campbell, G.M.P. O’Hare, J.W. Stafford, A. Martin, M. Dragone, MiRA – mixed reality agents, Int J Hum Comput Stud 69 (4) (2011) 251–268.
[6]
T. Holz, M. Dragone, G.M.P. O’Hare, Where robots and virtual agents meet: a survey of social interaction research across Milgram’s reality-virtuality continuum, Int J Soc Robot 1 (1) (2009) 83–93.
[7]
M. Obaid, R. Niewiadomski, C. Pelachaud, Perception of spatial relations and of coexistence with virtual agents, in: Vilhjálmsson H., Kopp S., Marsella S., Thórisson K. (Eds.), Proceedings of the international conference on intelligent virtual agents, in: Lecture notes in computer science, 6895, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011, pp. 363–369.
[8]
M. Obaid, I. Damian, F. Kistler, B. Endrass, J. Wagner, E. André, Cultural behaviors of virtual agents in an augmented reality environment, in: Nakano Y., Neff M., Paiva A., Walker M. (Eds.), Proceedings of the international conference on intelligent virtual agents, in: Lecture notes in computer science, 7502, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012, pp. 412–418.
[9]
Lee M., G. Bruder, T. Höllerer, G. Welch, Effects of unaugmented periphery and vibrotactile feedback on proxemics with virtual humans in AR, Proceedings of the IEEE TVCG, 24, 2018, pp. 1525–1534.
[10]
Kim K., D. Maloney, G. Bruder, J.N. Bailenson, G.F. Welch, The effects of virtual human’s spatial and behavioral coherence with physical objects on social presence in AR, Comput Anim Virt Worlds 28 (3–4) (2017) e1771.
[11]
Kim K., G. Bruder, G. Welch, Exploring the effects of observed physicality conflicts on real–virtual human interaction in augmented reality, Proceedings of the ACM VRST, 2017, pp. 1–7.
[12]
N. Magnenat-Thalmann, G. Papagiannakis, P. Chaudhuri, Applications of interactive virtual humans in mobile augmented reality, in: Furht B. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of multimedia, 2nd, Springer, 2008, pp. 362–368.
[13]
D. Dehn, S. van Mulken, The impact of animated interface agents: a review of empirical research, Int J Hum Comput Stud 52 (2000) 1–22.
[14]
Yee N., J.N. Bailenson, K. Rickertsen, A meta-analysis of the impact of the inclusion and realism of human-like faces on user experiences in interfaces, Proceedings of the of ACM CHI, 2007, pp. 1–10.
[15]
Wang Y., G. Lucas, P. Khooshabeh, C.M. de Melo, J. Gratch, Effects of emotional expressions on persuasion, Social Infl 10 (4) (2015) 236–249.
[16]
Kim K., A. Nagendran, J.N. Bailenson, A. Raij, G. Bruder, Lee M., et al., A large-scale study of surrogate physicality and gesturing on human–surrogate interactions in a public space, Front Robot AI 4 (32) (2017) 1–20.
[17]
V. Demeure, R. Niewiadomski, C. Pelachaud, How is believability of a virtual agent related to warmth, competence, personification, and embodiment?, Presence Teleop Virt 20 (5) (2011) 431–448.
[18]
C. Harms, F. Biocca, Internal consistency and reliability of the networked minds measure of social presence, Proceedings of the annual international presence workshop, 2004, pp. 246–251.
[19]
J. Blascovich, Social influence within immersive virtual environments, in: Schroeder R. (Ed.), The social life of avatars, Springer London, ISBN 978-1-85233-461-1, 2002, pp. 127–145.
[20]
J. Blascovich, J. Loomis, A.C. Beall, K.R. Swinth, C.L. Hoyt, J.N. Bailenson, Immersive virtual environment technology as a methodological tool for social psychology, Psychol Inq 13 (2) (2002) 103–124.
[21]
M. Slater, Place illusion and plausibility can lead to realistic behaviour in immersive virtual environments, Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 364 (1535) (2009) 3549–3557.
[22]
J. Fox, S.J. Ahn, J.H. Janssen, L. Yeykelis, K.Y. Segovia, J.N. Bailenson, Avatars versus agents: a meta-analysis quantifying the effect of agency on social influence, Hum Comput Inter 30 (5) (2014) 401–432.
[23]
K. Nowak, F. Biocca, the effect of the agency and anthropomorphism on users’ sense of telepresence, copresence, and social presence in virtual environments, Presence 12 (5) (2003) 481–494.
[24]
Chuah J.H., A. Robb, C. White, A. Wendling, S. Lampotang, R. Kopper, et al., Exploring agent physicality and social presence for medical team training, Presence 22 (2) (2013) 141–170.
[25]
Kim K., G. Bruder, D. Maloney, G. Welch, The influence of real human personality on social presence with a virtual human in augmented reality, Proceedings of the ICAT-EGVE, 2016, pp. 115–122.
[26]
M. Lombard, T.B. Ditton, L. Weinstein, Measuring presence: the temple presence inventory, Proceedings of the PRESENCE 2009, 2009, pp. 1–15.
[27]
G.V. Glass, P.D. Peckham, J.R. Sanders, Consequences of failure to meet assumptions underlying the fixed effects analyses of variance and covariance, Rev Educ Res 42 (3) (1972) 237–288.
[28]
M.R. Harwell, E.N. Rubinstein, W.S. Hayes, C.C. Olds, Summarizing Monte Carlo results in methodological research: the one- and two-factor fixed effects ANOVA cases, J Educ Stat 17 (4) (1992) 315–339.
[29]
Lix L.M., J.C. Keselman, H. Keselman, Consequences of assumption violations revisited: a quantitative review of alternatives to the one-way analysis of variance F test, Rev Educ Res 66 (4) (1996) 579–619.
[30]
R. McGloin, K.L. Nowak, J. Watt, Avatars and expectations: influencing perceptions of trustworthiness in an online consumer setting, PsychNol J 12 (2014).
[31]
B. Laugwitz, T. Held, M. Schrepp, Construction and evaluation of a user experience questionnaire, Proceedings of the USAB, Springer, 2008, pp. 63–76.
[32]
M. Lombard, T.B. Ditton, D. Crane, B. Davis, G. Gil-Egui, K. Horvath, et al., Measuring presence: a literature-based approach to the development of a standardized paper-and-pencil instrument, Proceedings of the PRESENCE 2000, 240, 2000, pp. 2–4.
[33]
T.A. Mikropoulos, Presence: a unique characteristic in educational virtual environments, Virt Real 10 (3–4) (2006) 197–206.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)The Guide's Apprentices: Engaging Visitors of Virtual Museums through Appropriate Agent EmbodimentsProceedings of the 30th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology10.1145/3641825.3689529(1-2)Online publication date: 9-Oct-2024
  • (2024)A Multi-aperture Coaxial Projector Balancing Shadow Suppression and DeblurringIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2024.345617030:11(7031-7041)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2024
  • (2024)Projection Mapping under Environmental Lighting by Replacing Room Lights with Heterogeneous ProjectorsIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2024.337203130:5(2151-2161)Online publication date: 4-Mar-2024
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. Effects of virtual agent and object representation on experiencing exhibited artifacts
          Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.

          Recommendations

          Comments

          Information & Contributors

          Information

          Published In

          cover image Computers and Graphics
          Computers and Graphics  Volume 83, Issue C
          Oct 2019
          122 pages

          Publisher

          Pergamon Press, Inc.

          United States

          Publication History

          Published: 01 October 2019

          Author Tags

          1. Virtual agents
          2. Virtual museum
          3. Virtual/mixed reality
          4. User evaluation

          Qualifiers

          • Research-article

          Contributors

          Other Metrics

          Bibliometrics & Citations

          Bibliometrics

          Article Metrics

          • Downloads (Last 12 months)0
          • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
          Reflects downloads up to 12 Feb 2025

          Other Metrics

          Citations

          Cited By

          View all
          • (2024)The Guide's Apprentices: Engaging Visitors of Virtual Museums through Appropriate Agent EmbodimentsProceedings of the 30th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology10.1145/3641825.3689529(1-2)Online publication date: 9-Oct-2024
          • (2024)A Multi-aperture Coaxial Projector Balancing Shadow Suppression and DeblurringIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2024.345617030:11(7031-7041)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2024
          • (2024)Projection Mapping under Environmental Lighting by Replacing Room Lights with Heterogeneous ProjectorsIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2024.337203130:5(2151-2161)Online publication date: 4-Mar-2024
          • (2023)The Influence of Virtual Agent Visibility in Virtual Reality Cognitive TrainingProceedings of the 2023 ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction10.1145/3607822.3614526(1-9)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2023
          • (2023)Interacting with Neural Radiance Fields in Immersive Virtual RealityExtended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3544549.3583920(1-4)Online publication date: 19-Apr-2023
          • (2023)Neural Projection Mapping Using Reflectance FieldsIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2023.332025629:11(4339-4349)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2023
          • (2023)Shadowless Projection Mapping using Retrotransmissive OpticsIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2023.324710429:5(2280-2290)Online publication date: 22-Feb-2023
          • (2023)Design and user experience analysis of AR intelligent virtual agents on smartphonesCognitive Systems Research10.1016/j.cogsys.2022.11.00778:C(33-47)Online publication date: 1-Mar-2023
          • (2023)The implementation of chatbot-mediated immediacy for synchronous communication in an online chemistry courseEducation and Information Technologies10.1007/s10639-023-11602-128:8(10665-10690)Online publication date: 3-Feb-2023
          • (2022)Evaluating the usage of Text-To-Speech in K12 educationProceedings of the 2022 6th International Conference on Education and E-Learning10.1145/3578837.3578864(182-188)Online publication date: 21-Nov-2022
          • Show More Cited By

          View Options

          View options

          Figures

          Tables

          Media

          Share

          Share

          Share this Publication link

          Share on social media