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- research-article
Published By ACM
Published By ACM
Surviving switch failures in cloud datacenters
Rachee Singh
Microsoft
,Muqeet Mukhtar
Microsoft
,Ashay Krishna
Microsoft
,Aniruddha Parkhi
Microsoft
,Jitendra Padhye
Microsoft
,David Maltz
Microsoft
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, Volume 51, Issue 2•April 2021, pp 2-9 • https://doi.org/10.1145/3464994.3464996Switch failures can hamper access to client services, cause link congestion and blackhole network traffic. In this study, we examine the nature of switch failures in the datacenters of a large commercial cloud provider through the lens of survival ...
- 15Citation
- 323
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations15Total Downloads323Last 12 Months56Last 6 weeks5
- research-article
Published By ACM
Published By ACM
Scouts: Improving the Diagnosis Process Through Domain-customized Incident Routing
Jiaqi Gao
Harvard University
,Nofel Yaseen
University of Pennsylvania
,Robert MacDavid
Princeton University
,Felipe Vieira Frujeri
Microsoft Research
,Vincent Liu
University of Pennsylvania
,Ricardo Bianchini
Microsoft Research
,Ramaswamy Aditya
Microsoft
,Xiaohang Wang
Microsoft
,Henry Lee
Microsoft
,David Maltz
Microsoft
,Minlan Yu
Harvard University
,Behnaz Arzani
Microsoft Research
SIGCOMM '20: Proceedings of the Annual conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication on the applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication•July 2020, pp 253-269• https://doi.org/10.1145/3387514.3405867Incident routing is critical for maintaining service level objectives in the cloud: the time-to-diagnosis can increase by 10x due to mis-routings. Properly routing incidents is challenging because of the complexity of today's data center (DC) ...
- 12Citation
- 1,175
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations12Total Downloads1,175Last 12 Months63Last 6 weeks7- 1
Supplementary Material3387514.3405867.mp4
- research-article
Published By ACM
Published By ACM
Reflections on a clean slate 4D approach to network control and management
Albert Greenberg
Microsoft
,David A. Maltz
Microsoft
,Jennifer Rexford
Princeton University
,Geoffrey Xie
Naval Postgraduate School
,Jibin Zhan
Conviva
,Hui Zhang
Conviva
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, Volume 49, Issue 5•October 2019, pp 90-91 • https://doi.org/10.1145/3371934.3371962It's been 15 years since what we now call Software Defined Network began emerging out of a set of ideas in the networking research community. This editorial note traces how the ideas in one particular paper from that time have evolved and found ...
- 3Citation
- 154
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations3Total Downloads154Last 12 Months3
- Article
Azure accelerated networking: SmartNICs in the public cloud
Daniel Firestone
Microsoft
,Andrew Putnam
Microsoft
,Sambhrama Mundkur
Microsoft
,Derek Chiou
Microsoft
,Alireza Dabagh
Microsoft
,Mike Andrewartha
Microsoft
,Hari Angepat
Microsoft
,Vivek Bhanu
Microsoft
,Adrian Caulfield
Microsoft
,Eric Chung
Microsoft
,Harish Kumar Chandrappa
Microsoft
,Somesh Chaturmohta
Microsoft
,Matt Humphrey
Microsoft
,Jack Lavier
Microsoft
,Norman Lam
Microsoft
,Fengfen Liu
Microsoft
,Kalin Ovtcharov
Microsoft
,Jitu Padhye
Microsoft
,Gautham Popuri
Microsoft
,Shachar Raindel
Microsoft
,Tejas Sapre
Microsoft
,Mark Shaw
Microsoft
,Gabriel Silva
Microsoft
,Madhan Sivakumar
Microsoft
,Nisheeth Srivastava
Microsoft
,Anshuman Verma
Microsoft
,Qasim Zuhair
Microsoft
,Deepak Bansal
Microsoft
,Doug Burger
Microsoft
,Kushagra Vaid
Microsoft
,David A. Maltz
Microsoft
,Albert Greenberg
Microsoft
NSDI'18: Proceedings of the 15th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation•April 2018, pp 51-64Modern cloud architectures rely on each server running its own networking stack to implement policies such as tunneling for virtual networks, security, and load balancing. However, these networking stacks are becoming increasingly complex as features ...
- 106Citation
MetricsTotal Citations106
- research-article
Distributed load management in anycast-based CDNs
Abhishek Sinha
MIT, USA
,Pradeepkumar Mani
Microsoft, USA
,Jie Liu
Microsoft, USA
,Ashley Flavel
Microsoft, USA
,David A. Maltz
Microsoft, USA
2015 53rd Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (Allerton), pp 74-82• https://doi.org/10.1109/ALLERTON.2015.7446988Anycast is an internet addressing protocol where multiple hosts share the same IP-address. A popular architecture for modern Content Distribution Networks (CDNs) for geo-replicated HTTP-services consists of multiple layers of proxy nodes for service and ...
- 0Citation
MetricsTotal Citations0
- research-articlefree
Published By ACM
Published By ACM
Pingmesh: A Large-Scale System for Data Center Network Latency Measurement and Analysis
Chuanxiong Guo
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Lihua Yuan
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Dong Xiang
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Yingnong Dang
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Ray Huang
Microsoft, Beijing, China
,Dave Maltz
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Zhaoyi Liu
Microsoft, Beijing, China
,Vin Wang
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Bin Pang
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Hua Chen
Microsoft, Beijing, China
,Zhi-Wei Lin
Microsoft, Redmond, USA
,Varugis Kurien
Midfin Systems, Redmond, WA, USA
SIGCOMM '15: Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Conference on Special Interest Group on Data Communication•August 2015, pp 139-152• https://doi.org/10.1145/2785956.2787496Can we get network latency between any two servers at any time in large-scale data center networks? The collected latency data can then be used to address a series of challenges: telling if an application perceived latency issue is caused by the network ...
Also Published in:
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review: Volume 45 Issue 4, October 2015- 356Citation
- 3,968
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations356Total Downloads3,968Last 12 Months948Last 6 weeks103- 1
Supplementary Materialp139-guo.webm
- research-articlefree
Published By ACM
Published By ACM
Packet-Level Telemetry in Large Datacenter Networks
Yibo Zhu
U.C. Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
,Nanxi Kang
Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
,Jiaxin Cao
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Albert Greenberg
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Guohan Lu
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Ratul Mahajan
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Dave Maltz
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Lihua Yuan
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Ming Zhang
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Ben Y. Zhao
U.C. Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
,Haitao Zheng
U.C. Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
SIGCOMM '15: Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Conference on Special Interest Group on Data Communication•August 2015, pp 479-491• https://doi.org/10.1145/2785956.2787483Debugging faults in complex networks often requires capturing and analyzing traffic at the packet level. In this task, datacenter networks (DCNs) present unique challenges with their scale, traffic volume, and diversity of faults. To troubleshoot faults ...
Also Published in:
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review: Volume 45 Issue 4, October 2015- 264Citation
- 2,413
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations264Total Downloads2,413Last 12 Months492Last 6 weeks58- 1
Supplementary Materialp479-zhu.webm
- Article
FastRoute: a scalable load-aware anycast routing architecture for modern CDNs
Ashley Flavel
Microsoft
,Pradeepkumar Mani
Microsoft
,David A. Maltz
Microsoft
,Nick Holt
Microsoft
,Jie Liu
Microsoft Research
,Yingying Chen
Microsoft
,Oleg Surmachev
Microsoft
NSDI'15: Proceedings of the 12th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation•May 2015, pp 381-394Performance of online applications directly impacts user satisfaction. A major component of the user-perceived performance of the application is the time spent in transit between the user's device and the application existing in data centers. Content ...
- 17Citation
MetricsTotal Citations17
- research-article
Published By ACM
Published By ACM
A Universal Approach to Data Center Network Design
Aditya Akella
U. of Wisconsin - Madison
,Theophilus Benson
Duke University
,Bala Chandrasekaran
Duke University
,Cheng Huang
Microsoft
,Bruce Maggs
Duke University/Akamai
,David Maltz
Microsoft
ICDCN '15: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking•January 2015, Article No.: 41, pp 1-10• https://doi.org/10.1145/2684464.2684505This paper proposes an approach to the design of large-scale general-purpose data center networks based on the notions of volume and area universality introduced by Leiserson in the 1980's in the context of VLSI design. In particular, we suggest that ...
- 13Citation
- 286
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations13Total Downloads286Last 12 Months15Last 6 weeks1
- tutorial
Published By ACM
Published By ACM
Theia: Simple and Cheap Networking for Ultra-Dense Data Centers
Meg Walraed-Sullivan
Microsoft Research Redmond, WA, USA
,Jitendra Padhye
Microsoft Research Redmond, WA, USA
,David A. Maltz
Microsoft Redmond, WA, USA
HotNets-XIII: Proceedings of the 13th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks•October 2014, pp 1-7• https://doi.org/10.1145/2670518.2673885Recent trends to pack data centers with more CPUs per rack have led to a scenario in which each individual rack may contain hundreds, or even thousands, of compute nodes using system-on-chip (SoC) architectures. At this increased scale, traditional rack-...
- 19Citation
- 160
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations19Total Downloads160Last 12 Months9Last 6 weeks2
- research-article
Published By ACM
Published By ACM
Per-packet load-balanced, low-latency routing for clos-based data center networks
Jiaxin Cao
Microsoft Research Asia, University and Science and Technology of China, Beijing, Hefei, China
,Rui Xia
Microsoft Research Asia, University and Science and Technology of China, Beijing, Hefei, China
,Pengkun Yang
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Champaign, USA
,Chuanxiong Guo
Microsoft, Redmond, USA
,Guohan Lu
Microsoft, Redmond, USA
,Lihua Yuan
Microsoft, Redmond, USA
,Yixin Zheng
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
,Haitao Wu
Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China
,Yongqiang Xiong
Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China
,Dave Maltz
Microsoft, Redmond, USA
CoNEXT '13: Proceedings of the ninth ACM conference on Emerging networking experiments and technologies•December 2013, pp 49-60• https://doi.org/10.1145/2535372.2535375Clos-based networks including Fat-tree and VL2 are being built in data centers, but existing per-flow based routing causes low network utilization and long latency tail. In this paper, by studying the structural properties of Fat-tree and VL2, we ...
- 138Citation
- 795
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations138Total Downloads795Last 12 Months84Last 6 weeks7
- research-articlefree
Published By ACM
Published By ACM
Ananta: cloud scale load balancing
Parveen Patel
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Deepak Bansal
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Lihua Yuan
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Ashwin Murthy
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Albert Greenberg
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,David A. Maltz
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Randy Kern
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Hemant Kumar
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Marios Zikos
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Hongyu Wu
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Changhoon Kim
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Naveen Karri
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
SIGCOMM '13: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 conference on SIGCOMM•August 2013, pp 207-218• https://doi.org/10.1145/2486001.2486026Layer-4 load balancing is fundamental to creating scale-out web services. We designed and implemented Ananta, a scale-out layer-4 load balancer that runs on commodity hardware and meets the performance, reliability and operational requirements of multi-...
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ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review: Volume 43 Issue 4, October 2013- 253Citation
- 2,955
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations253Total Downloads2,955Last 12 Months328Last 6 weeks41
- research-articlefree
Published By ACM
Published By ACM
zUpdate: updating data center networks with zero loss
Hongqiang Harry Liu
Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
,Xin Wu
Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
,Ming Zhang
Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA
,Lihua Yuan
Microsoft, Bellevue, WA, USA
,Roger Wattenhofer
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,David Maltz
Microsoft, Bellevue, WA, USA
SIGCOMM '13: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 conference on SIGCOMM•August 2013, pp 411-422• https://doi.org/10.1145/2486001.2486005Datacenter networks (DCNs) are constantly evolving due to various updates such as switch upgrades and VM migrations. Each update must be carefully planned and executed in order to avoid disrupting many of the mission-critical, interactive applications ...
Also Published in:
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review: Volume 43 Issue 4, October 2013- 233Citation
- 1,275
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations233Total Downloads1,275Last 12 Months120Last 6 weeks25
- keynote
Published By ACM
Published By ACM
Challenges in cloud scale data centers
David A. Maltz
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
SIGMETRICS '13: Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS/international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems•June 2013, pp 3-4• https://doi.org/10.1145/2465529.2465767Data centers are fascinating places, where the massive scale required to deliver on-line services like web search and cloud hosting turns minor issues into major challenges that must be addressed in the design of the physical infrastructure and the ...
Also Published in:
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review: Volume 41 Issue 1, June 2013- 5Citation
- 539
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations5Total Downloads539Last 12 Months7
- research-article
Published By ACM
Published By ACM
Dealer: application-aware request splitting for interactive cloud applications
Mohammad Hajjat
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
,Shankaranarayanan P. N
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
,David Maltz
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Sanjay Rao
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
,Kunwadee Sripanidkulchai
NECTEC Thailand, Pathumthani, Thailand
CoNEXT '12: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Emerging networking experiments and technologies•December 2012, pp 157-168• https://doi.org/10.1145/2413176.2413195Deploying interactive applications in the cloud is a challenge due to the high variability in performance of cloud services. In this paper, we present Dealer-- a system that helps geo-distributed, interactive and multi-tier applications meet their ...
- 17Citation
- 191
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations17Total Downloads191Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks1
- research-articlefree
Published By ACM
Published By ACM
Surviving failures in bandwidth-constrained datacenters
Peter Bodík
Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA
,Ishai Menache
Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA
,Mosharaf Chowdhury
UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
,Pradeepkumar Mani
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,David A. Maltz
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Ion Stoica
UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
SIGCOMM '12: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2012 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication•August 2012, pp 431-442• https://doi.org/10.1145/2342356.2342439Datacenter networks have been designed to tolerate failures of network equipment and provide sufficient bandwidth. In practice, however, failures and maintenance of networking and power equipment often make tens to thousands of servers unavailable, and ...
- 132Citation
- 1,076
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations132Total Downloads1,076Last 12 Months89Last 6 weeks16- 1
Supplementary Materialsigcomm-x-02-survivingfailuresinbandwidthconstraineddatacenters.mp4
- research-articlefree
Published By ACM
Published By ACM
NetPilot: automating datacenter network failure mitigation
Xin Wu
Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
,Daniel Turner
University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
,Chao-Chih Chen
University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
,David A. Maltz
Microsoft, Bellevue, WA, USA
,Xiaowei Yang
Duke University, Durham, USA
,Lihua Yuan
Microsoft, Bellevue, WA, USA
,Ming Zhang
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
SIGCOMM '12: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2012 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication•August 2012, pp 419-430• https://doi.org/10.1145/2342356.2342438Driven by the soaring demands for always-on and fast-response online services, modern datacenter networks have recently undergone tremendous growth. These networks often rely on commodity hardware to reach immense scale while keeping capital expenses ...
- 77Citation
- 1,104
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations77Total Downloads1,104Last 12 Months179Last 6 weeks29- 1
Supplementary Materialsigcomm-x-01-netpilotautomatingdatacenternetworkfailuremitigation.mp4
- research-article
Published By ACM
Published By ACM
Surviving failures in bandwidth-constrained datacenters
Peter Bodík
Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA
,Ishai Menache
Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA
,Mosharaf Chowdhury
UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
,Pradeepkumar Mani
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,David A. Maltz
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
,Ion Stoica
UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, Volume 42, Issue 4•October 2012, pp 431-442 • https://doi.org/10.1145/2377677.2377760Datacenter networks have been designed to tolerate failures of network equipment and provide sufficient bandwidth. In practice, however, failures and maintenance of networking and power equipment often make tens to thousands of servers unavailable, and ...
- 31Citation
- 335
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations31Total Downloads335Last 12 Months25Last 6 weeks1
- research-article
Published By ACM
Published By ACM
NetPilot: automating datacenter network failure mitigation
Xin Wu
Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
,Daniel Turner
University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
,Chao-Chih Chen
University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
,David A. Maltz
Microsoft, Bellevue, WA, USA
,Xiaowei Yang
Duke University, Durham, USA
,Lihua Yuan
Microsoft, Bellevue, WA, USA
,Ming Zhang
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, Volume 42, Issue 4•October 2012, pp 419-430 • https://doi.org/10.1145/2377677.2377759Driven by the soaring demands for always-on and fast-response online services, modern datacenter networks have recently undergone tremendous growth. These networks often rely on commodity hardware to reach immense scale while keeping capital expenses ...
- 23Citation
- 304
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations23Total Downloads304Last 12 Months11Last 6 weeks5
- research-article
Published By ACM
Published By ACM
Latency inflation with MPLS-based traffic engineering
Abhinav Pathak
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
,Ming Zhang
Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA
,Y. Charlie Hu
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
,Ratul Mahajan
Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA
,Dave Maltz
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
IMC '11: Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference•November 2011, pp 463-472• https://doi.org/10.1145/2068816.2068859While MPLS has been extensively deployed in recent years, little is known about its behavior in practice. We examine the performance of MPLS in Microsoft's online service network (MSN), a well-provisioned multi-continent production network connecting ...
- 41Citation
- 258
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations41Total Downloads258Last 12 Months13Last 6 weeks1
Author Profile Pages
- Description: The Author Profile Page initially collects all the professional information known about authors from the publications record as known by the ACM bibliographic database, the Guide. Coverage of ACM publications is comprehensive from the 1950's. Coverage of other publishers generally starts in the mid 1980's. The Author Profile Page supplies a quick snapshot of an author's contribution to the field and some rudimentary measures of influence upon it. Over time, the contents of the Author Profile page may expand at the direction of the community.
Please see the following 2007 Turing Award winners' profiles as examples: - History: Disambiguation of author names is of course required for precise identification of all the works, and only those works, by a unique individual. Of equal importance to ACM, author name normalization is also one critical prerequisite to building accurate citation and download statistics. For the past several years, ACM has worked to normalize author names, expand reference capture, and gather detailed usage statistics, all intended to provide the community with a robust set of publication metrics. The Author Profile Pages reveal the first result of these efforts.
- Normalization: ACM uses normalization algorithms to weigh several types of evidence for merging and splitting names.
These include:- co-authors: if we have two names and cannot disambiguate them based on name alone, then we see if they have a co-author in common. If so, this weighs towards the two names being the same person.
- affiliations: names in common with same affiliation weighs toward the two names being the same person.
- publication title: names in common whose works are published in same journal weighs toward the two names being the same person.
- keywords: names in common whose works address the same subject matter as determined from title and keywords, weigh toward being the same person.
The more conservative the merging algorithms, the more bits of evidence are required before a merge is made, resulting in greater precision but lower recall of works for a given Author Profile. Many bibliographic records have only author initials. Many names lack affiliations. With very common family names, typical in Asia, more liberal algorithms result in mistaken merges.
Automatic normalization of author names is not exact. Hence it is clear that manual intervention based on human knowledge is required to perfect algorithmic results. ACM is meeting this challenge, continuing to work to improve the automated merges by tweaking the weighting of the evidence in light of experience.
- Bibliometrics: In 1926, Alfred Lotka formulated his power law (known as Lotka's Law) describing the frequency of publication by authors in a given field. According to this bibliometric law of scientific productivity, only a very small percentage (~6%) of authors in a field will produce more than 10 articles while the majority (perhaps 60%) will have but a single article published. With ACM's first cut at author name normalization in place, the distribution of our authors with 1, 2, 3..n publications does not match Lotka's Law precisely, but neither is the distribution curve far off. For a definition of ACM's first set of publication statistics, see Bibliometrics
- Future Direction:
The initial release of the Author Edit Screen is open to anyone in the community with an ACM account, but it is limited to personal information. An author's photograph, a Home Page URL, and an email may be added, deleted or edited. Changes are reviewed before they are made available on the live site.
ACM will expand this edit facility to accommodate more types of data and facilitate ease of community participation with appropriate safeguards. In particular, authors or members of the community will be able to indicate works in their profile that do not belong there and merge others that do belong but are currently missing.
A direct search interface for Author Profiles will be built.
An institutional view of works emerging from their faculty and researchers will be provided along with a relevant set of metrics.
It is possible, too, that the Author Profile page may evolve to allow interested authors to upload unpublished professional materials to an area available for search and free educational use, but distinct from the ACM Digital Library proper. It is hard to predict what shape such an area for user-generated content may take, but it carries interesting potential for input from the community.
Bibliometrics
The ACM DL is a comprehensive repository of publications from the entire field of computing.
It is ACM's intention to make the derivation of any publication statistics it generates clear to the user.
- Average citations per article = The total Citation Count divided by the total Publication Count.
- Citation Count = cumulative total number of times all authored works by this author were cited by other works within ACM's bibliographic database. Almost all reference lists in articles published by ACM have been captured. References lists from other publishers are less well-represented in the database. Unresolved references are not included in the Citation Count. The Citation Count is citations TO any type of work, but the references counted are only FROM journal and proceedings articles. Reference lists from books, dissertations, and technical reports have not generally been captured in the database. (Citation Counts for individual works are displayed with the individual record listed on the Author Page.)
- Publication Count = all works of any genre within the universe of ACM's bibliographic database of computing literature of which this person was an author. Works where the person has role as editor, advisor, chair, etc. are listed on the page but are not part of the Publication Count.
- Publication Years = the span from the earliest year of publication on a work by this author to the most recent year of publication of a work by this author captured within the ACM bibliographic database of computing literature (The ACM Guide to Computing Literature, also known as "the Guide".
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- Average downloads per article = The total number of cumulative downloads divided by the number of articles (including multimedia objects) available for download from ACM's servers.
- Downloads (cumulative) = The cumulative number of times all works by this author have been downloaded from an ACM full-text article server since the downloads were first counted in May 2003. The counts displayed are updated monthly and are therefore 0-31 days behind the current date. Robotic activity is scrubbed from the download statistics.
- Downloads (12 months) = The cumulative number of times all works by this author have been downloaded from an ACM full-text article server over the last 12-month period for which statistics are available. The counts displayed are usually 1-2 weeks behind the current date. (12-month download counts for individual works are displayed with the individual record.)
- Downloads (6 weeks) = The cumulative number of times all works by this author have been downloaded from an ACM full-text article server over the last 6-week period for which statistics are available. The counts displayed are usually 1-2 weeks behind the current date. (6-week download counts for individual works are displayed with the individual record.)
ACM Author-Izer Service
Summary Description
ACM Author-Izer is a unique service that enables ACM authors to generate and post links on both their homepage and institutional repository for visitors to download the definitive version of their articles from the ACM Digital Library at no charge.
Downloads from these sites are captured in official ACM statistics, improving the accuracy of usage and impact measurements. Consistently linking to definitive version of ACM articles should reduce user confusion over article versioning.
ACM Author-Izer also extends ACM’s reputation as an innovative “Green Path” publisher, making ACM one of the first publishers of scholarly works to offer this model to its authors.
To access ACM Author-Izer, authors need to establish a free ACM web account. Should authors change institutions or sites, they can utilize the new ACM service to disable old links and re-authorize new links for free downloads from a different site.
How ACM Author-Izer Works
Authors may post ACM Author-Izer links in their own bibliographies maintained on their website and their own institution’s repository. The links take visitors to your page directly to the definitive version of individual articles inside the ACM Digital Library to download these articles for free.
The Service can be applied to all the articles you have ever published with ACM.
Depending on your previous activities within the ACM DL, you may need to take up to three steps to use ACM Author-Izer.
For authors who do not have a free ACM Web Account:
- Go to the ACM DL http://dl.acm.org/ and click SIGN UP. Once your account is established, proceed to next step.
For authors who have an ACM web account, but have not edited their ACM Author Profile page:
- Sign in to your ACM web account and go to your Author Profile page. Click "Add personal information" and add photograph, homepage address, etc. Click ADD AUTHOR INFORMATION to submit change. Once you receive email notification that your changes were accepted, you may utilize ACM Author-izer.
For authors who have an account and have already edited their Profile Page:
- Sign in to your ACM web account, go to your Author Profile page in the Digital Library, look for the ACM Author-izer link below each ACM published article, and begin the authorization process. If you have published many ACM articles, you may find a batch Authorization process useful. It is labeled: "Export as: ACM Author-Izer Service"
ACM Author-Izer also provides code snippets for authors to display download and citation statistics for each “authorized” article on their personal pages. Downloads from these pages are captured in official ACM statistics, improving the accuracy of usage and impact measurements. Consistently linking to the definitive version of ACM articles should reduce user confusion over article versioning.
Note: You still retain the right to post your author-prepared preprint versions on your home pages and in your institutional repositories with DOI pointers to the definitive version permanently maintained in the ACM Digital Library. But any download of your preprint versions will not be counted in ACM usage statistics. If you use these AUTHOR-IZER links instead, usage by visitors to your page will be recorded in the ACM Digital Library and displayed on your page.
FAQ
- Q. What is ACM Author-Izer?
A. ACM Author-Izer is a unique, link-based, self-archiving service that enables ACM authors to generate and post links on either their home page or institutional repository for visitors to download the definitive version of their articles for free.
- Q. What articles are eligible for ACM Author-Izer?
- A. ACM Author-Izer can be applied to all the articles authors have ever published with ACM. It is also available to authors who will have articles published in ACM publications in the future.
- Q. Are there any restrictions on authors to use this service?
- A. No. An author does not need to subscribe to the ACM Digital Library nor even be a member of ACM.
- Q. What are the requirements to use this service?
- A. To access ACM Author-Izer, authors need to have a free ACM web account, must have an ACM Author Profile page in the Digital Library, and must take ownership of their Author Profile page.
- Q. What is an ACM Author Profile Page?
- A. The Author Profile Page initially collects all the professional information known about authors from the publications record as known by the ACM Digital Library. The Author Profile Page supplies a quick snapshot of an author's contribution to the field and some rudimentary measures of influence upon it. Over time, the contents of the Author Profile page may expand at the direction of the community. Please visit the ACM Author Profile documentation page for more background information on these pages.
- Q. How do I find my Author Profile page and take ownership?
- A. You will need to take the following steps:
- Create a free ACM Web Account
- Sign-In to the ACM Digital Library
- Find your Author Profile Page by searching the ACM Digital Library for your name
- Find the result you authored (where your author name is a clickable link)
- Click on your name to go to the Author Profile Page
- Click the "Add Personal Information" link on the Author Profile Page
- Wait for ACM review and approval; generally less than 24 hours
- Q. Why does my photo not appear?
- A. Make sure that the image you submit is in .jpg or .gif format and that the file name does not contain special characters
- Q. What if I cannot find the Add Personal Information function on my author page?
- A. The ACM account linked to your profile page is different than the one you are logged into. Please logout and login to the account associated with your Author Profile Page.
- Q. What happens if an author changes the location of his bibliography or moves to a new institution?
- A. Should authors change institutions or sites, they can utilize ACM Author-Izer to disable old links and re-authorize new links for free downloads from a new location.
- Q. What happens if an author provides a URL that redirects to the author’s personal bibliography page?
- A. The service will not provide a free download from the ACM Digital Library. Instead the person who uses that link will simply go to the Citation Page for that article in the ACM Digital Library where the article may be accessed under the usual subscription rules.
However, if the author provides the target page URL, any link that redirects to that target page will enable a free download from the Service.
- Q. What happens if the author’s bibliography lives on a page with several aliases?
- A. Only one alias will work, whichever one is registered as the page containing the author’s bibliography. ACM has no technical solution to this problem at this time.
- Q. Why should authors use ACM Author-Izer?
- A. ACM Author-Izer lets visitors to authors’ personal home pages download articles for no charge from the ACM Digital Library. It allows authors to dynamically display real-time download and citation statistics for each “authorized” article on their personal site.
- Q. Does ACM Author-Izer provide benefits for authors?
- A. Downloads of definitive articles via Author-Izer links on the authors’ personal web page are captured in official ACM statistics to more accurately reflect usage and impact measurements.
Authors who do not use ACM Author-Izer links will not have downloads from their local, personal bibliographies counted. They do, however, retain the existing right to post author-prepared preprint versions on their home pages or institutional repositories with DOI pointers to the definitive version permanently maintained in the ACM Digital Library.
- Q. How does ACM Author-Izer benefit the computing community?
- A. ACM Author-Izer expands the visibility and dissemination of the definitive version of ACM articles. It is based on ACM’s strong belief that the computing community should have the widest possible access to the definitive versions of scholarly literature. By linking authors’ personal bibliography with the ACM Digital Library, user confusion over article versioning should be reduced over time.
In making ACM Author-Izer a free service to both authors and visitors to their websites, ACM is emphasizing its continuing commitment to the interests of its authors and to the computing community in ways that are consistent with its existing subscription-based access model.
- Q. Why can’t I find my most recent publication in my ACM Author Profile Page?
- A. There is a time delay between publication and the process which associates that publication with an Author Profile Page. Right now, that process usually takes 4-8 weeks.
- Q. How does ACM Author-Izer expand ACM’s “Green Path” Access Policies?
- A. ACM Author-Izer extends the rights and permissions that authors retain even after copyright transfer to ACM, which has been among the “greenest” publishers. ACM enables its author community to retain a wide range of rights related to copyright and reuse of materials. They include:
- Posting rights that ensure free access to their work outside the ACM Digital Library and print publications
- Rights to reuse any portion of their work in new works that they may create
- Copyright to artistic images in ACM’s graphics-oriented publications that authors may want to exploit in commercial contexts
- All patent rights, which remain with the original owner