Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Skip to main content

Elements of Active Continuous Learning and Uncertainty Self-awareness: A Narrow Implementation for Face and Facial Expression Recognition

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Artificial General Intelligence (AGI 2022)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 13539))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 995 Accesses

Abstract

Reflection on one’s thought process and making corrections to it if there exists dissatisfaction in its performance is, perhaps, one of the essential traits of intelligence. However, such high-level abstract concepts mandatory for Artificial General Intelligence can be modelled even at the low level of narrow Machine Learning algorithms. Here, we present the self-awareness mechanism emulation in the form of a supervising artificial neural network (ANN) observing patterns in activations of another underlying ANN in a search for indications of the high uncertainty of the underlying ANN and, therefore, the trustworthiness of its predictions. The underlying ANN is a convolutional neural network (CNN) ensemble employed for face recognition and facial expression tasks. The self-awareness ANN has a memory region where its past performance information is stored, and its learnable parameters are adjusted during the training to optimize the performance. The trustworthiness verdict triggers the active learning mode, giving elements of agency to the machine learning algorithm that asks for human help in high uncertainty and confusion conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Cacioppo, J.T., Berntson, G.G., Larsen, J.T., Poehlmann, K.M., Ito, T.A., et al.: The psychophysiology of emotion. Handb. Emotions 2(01), 2000 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Chomsky, N.: Powers and Prospects: Reflections on Human Nature and the Social Order. South End Press (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V.: Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 17(2), 124 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Knowledge, P.: Yoshua Bengio \(\vert \) From System 1 Deep Learning to System 2 Deep Learning \(\vert \) NeurIPS 2019 (2019). www.youtube.com/watch?v=FtUbMG3rlFs. Accessed 11 Apr 2022

  5. LeCun, Y.: A path towards autonomous machine intelligence version 0.9. 2, 2022–06-27 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Lewis, D.D., Catlett, J.: Heterogeneous uncertainty sampling for supervised learning. In: Machine Learning Proceedings 1994, pp. 148–156. Elsevier (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Li, K., et al.: Mural: meta-learning uncertainty-aware rewards for outcome-driven reinforcement learning. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 6346–6356. PMLR (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Marcheggiani, D., Artieres, T.: An experimental comparison of active learning strategies for partially labeled sequences. In: Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 898–906 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  9. McCarthy, J., Hayes, P.J.: Some philosophical problems from the standpoint of artificial intelligence. In: Readings in Artificial Intelligence, pp. 431–450. Elsevier (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Qiu, L., et al.: Resisting out-of-distribution data problem in perturbation of xai. arXiv preprint arXiv:2107.14000 (2021)

  11. Selitskaya, N., Sielicki, S., Christou, N.: Challenges in real-life face recognition with heavy makeup and occlusions using deep learning algorithms. In: Nicosia, G., et al. (eds.) LOD 2020. LNCS, vol. 12566, pp. 600–611. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64580-9_49

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Selitskiy, S., Christou, N., Selitskaya, N.: Isolating Uncertainty of the Face Expression Recognition with the Meta-Learning Supervisor Neural Network, pp. 104–112. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2021). https://doi.org/10.1145/3480433.3480447

  13. Selitskiy, S., Christou, N., Selitskaya, N.: Using statistical and artificial neural networks meta-learning approaches for uncertainty isolation in face recognition by the established convolutional models. In: Nicosia, G., et al. (eds.) Mach. Learn. Optim. Data Sci., pp. 338–352. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2022). https://doi.org/10.1145/3480433.3480447

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. Thrun, S.: Is learning the n-th thing any easier than learning the first? In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 8 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Thrun, S., Mitchell, T.M.: Lifelong robot learning. Robot. Auton. Syst. 15(1–2), 25–46 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Thrun S., P.L.: Learning To Learn. Springer, Boston, MA (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5529-2

  17. Turing, A.M.: I.-computing machinery and intelligence. Mind LIX(236), 433–460 (1950). https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433

  18. Vanschoren, J.: Meta-learning: a survey. ArXiv abs/1810.03548 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Williams, D.S., Gadd, M., De Martini, D., Newman, P.: Fool me once: robust selective segmentation via out-of-distribution detection with contrastive learning. In: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 9536–9542. IEEE (2021)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stanislav Selitskiy .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Selitskiy, S. (2023). Elements of Active Continuous Learning and Uncertainty Self-awareness: A Narrow Implementation for Face and Facial Expression Recognition. In: Goertzel, B., Iklé, M., Potapov, A., Ponomaryov, D. (eds) Artificial General Intelligence. AGI 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 13539. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19907-3_38

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19907-3_38

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-19906-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-19907-3

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics