Abstract
Anomaly detection is an observation of irregular, uncommon events that leads to a deviation from the expected behaviour of a larger dataset. When data is multiplied exponentially, it becomes sparse, making it difficult to spot anomalies. The fundamental aim of anomaly detection is to determine odd cases as the data may be properly evaluated and understood to make the best decision possible. A promising area of research is detecting anomalies using modern ML algorithms. Many machines learning models that are used to learn and detect anomalies in their respective applications across various domains are examined in this systematic review study.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Foorthuis R (2020) On the nature and types of anomalies: a review in deviations of data
Hodge VJ, Austin J (2004) A survey of outlier detection methodologies. In: Artificial intelligence review, pp 85–126
Parmar JD, Patel JT (2017) Anomaly detection in data mining: a review. Int J Adv Res Comput Sci Softw Eng 7(4)
Chandola V, Banerjee A, Kumar V (2009) Anomaly detection: a survey. ACM Comput Surv 41(3): 71–97. https://doi.org/10.1145/1541880.1541882
Nassif AB, Talib MA, Nassar Q, Dakalbad FM (2021) Machine learning for anomaly detection: a systematic review, IEEE
Naik DPM, Satya R, Chaitra BH, Vishalakshi BH (2020) Anomaly detection: different machine learning techniques, a review. Int J Adv Res Comput Commun Eng
Ahamed R, Gani AZ, Nazaruddin FH, Hashem IAT (2018) Real time big data processing for anomaly detection: a survey. Int J Inf Manage
Agarwal S, Agarwal J (2015) Survey on anomaly detection using data mining techniques. In: International conference on knowledge based and intelligent information and engineering systems
Kang M (2018) Prognostics and health management of electronics fundamentals, machine learning and internet of things
Al-Amri R, Murugesan RK, Man M, Ateef AFA, Al-shafri MA, Alkatahani AA (2021) MDPI Appl Sci Jl
Gu X, Wang H (2009) Online anomaly predictions for robust cluster systems. In: 25th IEEE conference data engineering, pp 1000–1011. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDE.2009.128
Shon T, Moon J (2007) A hybrid machine learning approach to network anomaly detection. Inf Sci 177(18): 3799–3821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2007.03.025
Tiang J, Gu H (2010) Anomaly detection combining one class SVM and particle swarm optimization algorithms, pp 303–310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-009-9650-5
Depren O, Topallar M, Anarim A, Ciliz MK (2005) An intelligent intrusion detection system for anomaly and misuse detection in computer networks. In: Expert system applications, pp 713–722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2005.05.002
Valdes A, Macwan R, Backes M (2016) Anomaly detection in electrical substation circuits via unsupervised Machine learning. In: IEEE 17th international conference on info reuse and integration (IRI), pp 500–505. https://doi.org/10.1109/IRI.2016.74
Chang M, Teriz A, Bonnet P (2009) Mote based online anomaly detection using echo state networks. In: DCOSS, pp 72–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/98-3-642-02085-8_6
Paula EL, Laderia M, Carvalho RN, Marzagao T (2016) Deep learning anomaly detection as support fraud investigation in Brazilian exports and anti-money laundering. In: IEEE international conference on ML applications, (ICMLA), pp 954–960. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMLA.2016.0172
Fujimaki R (2008) Anomaly detection support vector machine and its applications to fault diagnosis. In: 8th IEEE conference on data mining, pp 797–802. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDM.2008.69
Liu D, Lung CH, Lambadaris I, Seddigh N (2013) Network traffic anomaly detection using clustering techniques and performance comparison. In: 26th IEEE Canadian conference on electrical and comp engineering (CCECE). https://doi.org/10.1109/CCECE.2013.6567739
Anton SD, Kanoor S, Fraunhloz D, Schotten HD (2018) Evaluation of machine learning based anomaly detection algorithms on an industrial modbus/TCP data set. In: 13th conference on availability, reliability and security, pp 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1145/3230833.3232818
Depren O, Topallar M, Anarim E, Kamal Celiz M (2005) An intelligent intrusion detection systems (IDS) for anomaly and misuse detection in computer networks. Expert Syst Appl 29(4): 713–722 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2005.05.002
Lapitev N, Amizadeh S, Flint I (2015) Generic and scalable framework for automated time series anomaly detection. In: Proceedings 21st knowledge discovery data mining, pp 1939–1947. https://doi.org/10.1145/2783258.2788611
Lin C-H, Li J-C, Ho C-H (2008) Anomaly detection using LibSVM training tools. In: Info security and assurance, pp 166–176. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISA.2008.12
Terzi DS, Terzi R, Sagiroglu S (2017) Big data analytics for network anomaly detection from netflow data. In: International conference on comp sci and engg (UBMK). https://doi.org/10.1109/UBMK.2017.8093473
Li W, Li Q (2010) Using naïve bayes with adaboost to enhance network anomaly intrusion detection. In: 3rd international conference on intelligent networks and intelligent systems (ICINS), vol 99, pp 486–489. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICINIS.2010.133
Kim G, Lee S, Kim S (2014) A Novel hybrid intrusion detection method integrating anomaly detection with misuse detection. Expert Syst Appl 21(4): 1690–1700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.08.066
Pena EHM, Carvalho LF, Barbon S Jr, Rodriques JJPC, Proenca ML Jr (2017) Anomaly detection using correlational paraconsistent machine with digital signatures of network segment. Info Sci Int J 420(C): 313–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2017.08.074
Yuan Y, Fang J, Wang Q (2014) Online anomaly detection in cloud scenes via structure analysis. IEEE Trans Cybern 45(3). https://doi.org/10.1109/TCYB.2014.2330853
Adler A, Mayhew MJ, Cleveland J, Atigetchi M, Greenstadt R (2013) Using machine learning for behaviour based access: scalable anomaly detection on TCP connections and HTTP requests. In: Milcom conference, pp 1880–1887
Wang XR, Lizier JT, Obst O, Propopenko M, Wang P (2008) Spatiotemporal anomaly detection in gas monitoring sensor networks. Lecture Notes in Compter Series, pp 90–105. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-54077690-1_6
Al-Subaie M, Zulkermine M (2006) Efficacy of hidden Markov models over neural networks in anomaly intrusion detection. In: 30th annual international computer software and applications conference (COMPSAC’06). https://doi.org/10.1109/COMPSAC.2006.40
Chen H, Fei X, Wang S, Liu X, Jin G, Li W, Wu X (2014) Energy consumption data based machine anomaly detection. In: 2nd international conference on advance cloud and bug data. https://doi.org/10.1109/CBD.2014.24
Rajasegarar S, Lekie C, Palaniswami M, Bezdek JC (2010) Central hyperspherical and hyperellipsoidal one class support vector machines for anomaly detection in sensor networks. In: IEEE trans info forensic security, pp 518–533. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2010.2051543
Santos Texeria PHD, Miliduia RL (2010) Data stream anomaly detection through principal subspace tracking. In: ACM symposium on applied computing, pp 1609–1616. https://doi.org/10.1145/1774088.1774434
Liau Y, Vemuri VR, Pasos A (2005) Adaptive anomaly detection with evolving connectionists system. J Netw Comput Appl 60–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2005.08.005
Maggi F, Zanerro S, Lozzo V (2008) Seeing the invisible: forensic uses of anomaly detection and machine learning. In: ACM ASIGOPS operating system review, pp 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1145/1368506.1368514
Shiekhan M, Jadidi Z (2012) Flow based anomaly detection in high speed links using modified GSA-optimized neural network. Neural Comput Appl 24(3–4): 599–611. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-012-1263-0
Duffield N, Haffner P, Ringberg H, Krishnamurthy B (2009) Rule based anomaly detection for IP flows. In: IEEE 28th proceedings, INFOCOM, pp 424–432. https://doi.org/10.1109/Infcom.2009.5061947
Stolfo SJ, Hershkop S, Bui LH, Ferster R (2005) Anomaly detection in computer security and an application file system access. In: Conference: foundation on intelligent systems, 15th international symposium (ISMIS), pp 14–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/11425274_2
Liu J, Gu J, Li H, Carlson KH (2020) Machine learning and transport simulation for ground water anomaly detection. J Comput Appl Math 380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2020.112982
Kim DSD, Nguyen H-N, Ohn S-Y, Park JS (2005) Fusions of GA and SVM for anomaly detection in intrusion detection systems. In: Conference on advances in Nueral N/Ws, pp 415–420. https://doi.org/10.1007/11427469_67
Fu S (2011) Performance metric selection for autonomic anomaly detection on cloud computing systems. In: Proceedings of the global communication conference (Globecom), pp 5–9. https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.2011.6134532
Fan W, Bougila N, Ziou D (2011) Unsupervised anomaly intrusion detection via localized Bayesian feature selection. In: Proceedings 11th IEEE conference (data mining ICDM), pp 1032–1037. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDM.2011.152
Yasami Y, Mozaffari SP (2009) A novel unsupervised classification approach for network anomaly detection by k-means clustering and ID3 decision tree learning methods, pp 231–245. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11227-009-0338-x
Maglaras LA, Jiang J (2014) Intrusion detection in SCADA Systems using machine learning techniques, pp 626–631. https://doi.org/10.1109/SAI.2014.6918252
Smith D, Guan Q, Fu S (2010) An anomaly detection framework for automatic management of compute cloud system. In: 34th IEEE annual computer s/w and applications workshops, pp 376–381. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMPSACW.2010.72
Song X, Wu M, Jermaine C, Ranka S (2007) Conditional anomaly detection. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 19(5): 631–644. https://doi.org/10.1109/TKDE.2007.1009
Linda O, Manic M, Vollmer T, Wright J (2011) Fuzzy logic-based anomaly detection for embedded network security cyber sensor. In: IEEE symposium on computational intelligence and cyber security (CICS), pp 202–209. https://doi.org/10.1109/CICYBS.2011.5949392
Kumar S, Nandi S, Biswas S (2011) Research and application of one class small hypersphere SVM for network anomaly detection. In: 3rd international conference on communication systems and networks (COMSNETS), pp 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMSNETS.2011.5716425
Du M, Fi L, Zheng G, Srikumar V (2017) Deeplog: anomaly detection and diagnosis for system logs through deep learning. In: Proceedings ACM SIGSAC, conference on computing and communications sec, pp 1285–1298. https://doi.org/10.1145/3133956.3134015
Fujimaki R, Yairi T, Machida K (2005) An approach to spacecraft anomaly detection problem using kernel feature space. In: ACM international conference on KDD, pp 401–410. https://doi.org/10.1145/1081870.1081917
Schimdt AD, Peters F, Lamour F, Camptepe SA, Albayarak S (2009) Monitoring smartphones for anomaly detection. In: Mobile n/w applns, pp 92–106. https://doi.org/10.1107/s11036-008-0113-x
Field M, Das SB, Oza NC, Mathews BL, Srivastava AL (2010) Multiple kernel learning for heterogeneous anomaly detection: algorithm and aviation safety case study categories and subject descriptors, pp 47–56
Chimplee V, Abdullah AH, Md Sap MN, Srinoy SW, Chimplee S (2006) Anomaly based intrusion detection using rough clustering. In: International conference on hybrid info tech, pp 329–334. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHIT.2006.253508
Purarjomandlangrudi A, Ghapanchi A, Esmalifalak M (2019) A datamining approach for fault diagnosis: an application of anomaly detection algorithm, vol 55, pp 343–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2014.05.029
Shon T, Kim Y, Lee C, Moon J (2005) A machine learning framework for network anomaly detection using SVM and GA. In: Proceedings from 6th annual IEEE SMC, information assurance workshop. https://doi.org/10.1109/IAW.2005.1495950
Rubeinstein BIP, Nelson B, Lau SH, Joseph AD, Rao S, Taft N, Tygar JD (2009) Stealthy poisoning attacks on PCA based anomaly detectors, vol 37, issue no 2, pp 73–74. https://doi.org/10.1145/1639562.1639292
Ahmed T, Coates M, Lakhina N (2007) Multivariate online anomaly detection using kernel recursive least squares. In: 28th IEEE international conference on computer communications (INFCOM), pp 625–633. https://doi.org/10.1109/INFCOM.2007.79
Rubenstien BIP, Huang L, Nelson B, Joseph AD, Lau SH, Rao S, Thaft N, Tygar JD (2009) ANTIDOTE: understanding and defending against poisoning of anomaly detectors. In: 9th ACM SIGCOMM, pp 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1145/1644893.1644895
Teng M (2010) Anomaly detection on time series. In: IEEE conference progress in informatics and computing, vol 1, pp 603–608. https://doi.org/10.1109/PIC.2010.5687485
Shi J, He G, Liu X (2018) Anomaly detection for key performance indicators through machine learning. In: International conference on network infrastructure and digital content, pp 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNIDC.2018.8525714
Joseph Dean D, Nguyen H, Gu X (2012) UBL: unsupervised behaviour learning for predicting performance anomalies in virtualised cloud systems. In: Proceedings on 9th international conference on autonomic computing, pp 191–200, ICAC. https://doi.org/10.1145/2371536.2371572
Stibor T, Mohr P, Timmis J, Eckert C (2005) Is negative selection appropriate for anomaly detection. In: Proceedings on 7th annual conference on genetic and evolutionary computation, pp 321–328. https://doi.org/10.1145/1068009.1068061
Theodoro PG, Verdejo D, Fernandez GM, Vazques E (2008) Anomaly based network intrusion detection: techniques systems, and challenges, pp 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2008.08.003
Mascaro S, Nicholso AE, Borb KB (2013) Anomaly detection in vessel tracks using Bayesian networks. Int J Approximate Reasoning 55(1): 84–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijar.2013.03.012
Ghanem TF, Elkilani WS, Khader HMA (2015)A hybrid approach for efficient anomaly detection using metaheuristic methods. J Adv Res 6(4): 609–619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2014.02.009
Rajasegarar S, Leki C, Palaniswami M (2008) CESVM: centralised hyperellipisodial support vector machine based anomaly detection. In: IEEE international conference communion, pp 1610–1614. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2008.311
Wang X, Wong JS, Stanley F, Basu S (2009) Cross layer-based anomaly detection in wireless mesh networks. In: 9th annual international symposium applns and the internet. https://doi.org/10.1109/SAINT.2009.11
Shah G, Tiwari A (2018) Anomaly detection in IIoT: a case study using machine learning. In: Proceedings ACM India, International conference on data science and management data. https://doi.org/10.1145/3152494.3156896
Rajasegarar S, Lekie C, Palaniswami M, Bezdek JC (2007) Quarter sphere based distributed anomaly detection in wireless sensor networks. In: International conference on communications, pp 3864–3869. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2007.637
Meng YX (2011) The practice on using machine learning for network anomaly detection. In: International conference on machine learning and cybernetics, pp 576–581. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMLC.2011.6016798
Erfani SM, Rajasegarar S, Karunasekara S, Lekie C (2016) High dimensional and large scale anomaly detection using linear one class SVM with deep learning. In: Pattern recognition, vol 8, pp 121–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2016.03.028
Hill DJ, Minsker BS (2010) Anomaly detection in streaming environmental sensor data: a data driven modelling approach. In: Environmental modelling and s/w, vol 1044–1022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2009.08.010
Wang Y, Wong J, Miner AS (2004) Anomaly intrusion detection using one class SVM. In: 5th IEEE annual conference on SMC info assurance workshop, pp 358–364. https://doi.org/10.1109/iaw.2004.1437839
Zhao R, Du B, Zhang L (2014) A robust nonlinear hyperspectral anomaly detection approach. IEEE J Selected Topic Appl Earth Obs Remote Sens 7(4): 1227–1234. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2014.2311995
Taylor A, Japcowicz N, Leblanc S (2015) Frequency based anomaly detection for the automotive CAN bus. In: World congress on industrial control sys sec (WCICSS), pp 45–49. https://doi.org/10.1109/WCICSS.2015.7420322
Hassan M, Islam MM, Zarif MII, Hashem MMA (2019) Attack and anomaly detection in IOT sensors in IOT sites using machine learning approaches. In: Internet of Things, vol 7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2019.100059
Subaie MA, Zulkernine M (2006) Efficacy of hidden Markov models over neural networks in anomaly intrusion detection. In: 30th annual international computer s/w and applications conference (COMPSAC), pp 325–332. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMPSAC.2006.40
Wang F, Qian Y, Dai Y, Wang Z (2010) A model based on hybrid support vector machines and self-organising maps for anomaly detection. In: International conference communications mobile computing, pp 97–101. https://doi.org/10.1109/CMC.2010.9
Gaddam SR, Poha VV, Balagani KS (2007) K-means+ID3: a novel method for supervised anomaly detection by cascading k means clustering and ID3 decision tree learning methods. In: IEEE transactions on K and D engineering, pp 345–354. https://doi.org/10.1109/TKDE2007.44
Song J, Takakura H, Okabe Y, Nakao K (2011) Towards a more practical unsupervised anomaly detection system, vol 231, pp 4–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2011.08.011
Jongsuebsuk P, Wattanapongsakorn A, Chamsripinyo C (2013) Network intrusion detection with fuzzy genetic algorithm for unknown facts. In: International conference on info n/w (ICOIN), pp 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOIN.2013.6496342
Anil S, Remya R (2013) A hybrid method based on genetic algorithm, self-organised feature map and support vector machine for better network anomaly detection. In: 4th international conference on computing, communications and network technology (ICCCNT), pp 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCNT.2013.6726604
Malaiya RK, Kwon D, Kim J, Suh SC, Kim H, Kim I (2018) An empirical evaluation of deep learning for network anomaly detection. In: International conference on computing networking and communications (ICNC). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCNC.2018.8390278
Liu S, Chen Y, Trappe W, Greenstien LJ (2009) ALDO—an anomaly detection framework for dynamic spectrum access networks. In: Proceedings 28th IEEE conference computing communities (INFOCOM), pp 675–683
Sotiris VA, Tse PW, Pecht MG (2010) Anomaly detection through a Bayesian support vector machine, pp 277–286
Chen X, Li B, Proietti R, Zhu Z, Yoo SJB (2019) Self-taught anomaly detection with hybrid unsupervised\supervised machine learning in optical networks, vol 37, issue 7, pp 1742–1749. https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2019.2902487
Hang X, Dai H (2005) Applying both positive and negative selection to supervised learning for anomaly detection. In: Proceedings 7th annual conference on genetic and evolutionary computation, pp 345–352. https://doi.org/10.1145/1068009.1068064
Li Y, Fang B, Guo L, Chen Y (2007) Network anomaly detection based on TCN-KNN algorithm. In: Proceedings 2nd ACM symposium on info, computer and communications security, pp 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/1229285.1229292
Shriram S, Sivasankar E (2019) Anomaly detection on shuttle data using unsupervised learning techniques. In: International conference on comput intelligence and knowledge Economy (ICCIKE), pp 221–225. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCIKE47802.2019.9004325
Xiao Z, Liu C, Chen C (2009) An anomaly detection scheme-based machine learning for WSN. In: First international conference on info science and engineering, pp 3959–3962. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICISE.2009.235
Shi Y, Miao K (2019) Detecting anomalies in applications performance management system with machine learning algorithm. In: 3rd international conference on electronic IT computing engineering, pp 1787–1900. https://doi.org/10.1109/EITCE47263.2019.9094916
Li K, Teng G (2006) Unsupervised SVM based on P-kernels for anomaly detection. In: First international conference on innovative computing info control (ICICIC), pp 59–62. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICIC.2006.371
Feng Y, Wu ZF, Wu K-G, Xiong Z-Y, Zhou Y (2005) An unsupervised anomaly intrusion detection algorithm based on swarm intelligence. In: International conference on machine learning and cybernetics, pp 3965–3969. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMLC.2005.1527630
Chin SC, Ray A, Rajagopalan V (2005) Symbolic time series analysis for anomaly detection: a comparative evaluation, pp 1859–1868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2005.03.014
Zang J, Zulkernine M (2006) Anomaly based network intrusion detection with unsupervised outlier detection. In: IEEE international conference on commutations, pp 2388–2393. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2006.255127
Ma L, Crawford MM, Tian J (2011) Anomaly detection for hyperspectral images based on robust locally linear embedding, vol 31, issue 6, pp 753–762. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-010-9630-3
Fiore U, Palmeiri F, Castiglione A, Santis AD (2013) Network anomaly detection with the restricted Boltzmann machine. Neurocomputing 122: 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2012.11.050
Quatrini E, Constantino F, Gravio GD, Patriarca R (2020) Machine learning for anomaly detection and process phase classification to improve safety and maintenance activities. J Manuf Syst 56: 117–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2020.05.013
Wressneger C, Schwenk G, Arp D, Riek K (2013) A close look on n-grams in intrusion detection: anomaly detection vs classification. In: ACM workshopn on AI and security (AIsec), pp 67–76. https://doi.org/10.1145//2517312.2517316
Damopoulos D, Kambourakis G (2014) The best of both worlds: a framework for synergistic operation of host and cloud anomaly-based IDS for smartphones. In: Conference Eurosec, pp 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1145/2592791.2592797
Bosman HHWJ, Iacca G, Tejada A, Wortje HJ, Liotta A (2017) Spatial anomaly detection in sensor networks using neighbourhood information, vol 33, pp 41–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.1016.04.007
Amer M, Goldstein M, Abadennadher S (2013) Enhancing one class support vector machine for unsupervised anomaly detection. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGKDD, pp 8–15. https://doi.org/10.1145/2500853.2500857
Chikrbene Z, Eltanbouly S, Bashendy M, Alnaimi N, Erbad A (2020) Hybrid machine learning for network intrusion anomaly detection. In: IEEE international conference on informatics, IOT, and enabling technology (ICIoT), pp 163–170. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIoT48696.2020.9089575
Jabez J, Gowri S, Mayan JA, Vigneshwari S, Srinivasulu S (2019) Anomaly detection by using CFS subset and neural networks using WEKA tools. In: Info and communication technology for intelligent systems, vol 106, pp 675–682. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1742-2
Demertzis K, Liadis L (2014) A hybrid network anomaly and intrusion detection approach based on evolving spiking neural network. In: Communications in computer and info science, vol 441, pp 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11710-2
Yairi T, Kawahara Y, Sato Y, Fujimaki R, Achinda KM (2006) Telemetry mining: a machine learning approach to anomaly detection and fault diagnosis for space systems. In: 2nd IEEE international conference on space mission challenges for IT, pp 446–473. https://doi.org/10.1109/SMC-IT.2006.79
Adler A, Cleveland J, Atigetchi M, Mayhew MJ, Greenstadt R (2013) Using machine learning for behaviour based access control: scalable anomaly detection on TCP connections and HTTP Requests. IEE MILCOM, pp 1880–1887
Cabrera JBD, Guiterrez C, Mehra RK (2008) Ensemble methods for anomaly detection and distributed intrusion detection in mobile Ad-Hoc networks, pp 96–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2007.03.001
Xu X (2009) Sequential anomaly detection based on temporal difference learning: principals, models and case studies. In: Applied soft computing, vol 10, issue 3, pp 859–867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2009.10.003
Garg S, Kaur K, Kumar N, Rodriques JJPC (2019) Hybrid deep learning based anomaly detection scheme for suspicious flow detection in SDN: a social media perspective. In: IEEE transactions on multimedia, pp 566–578. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMM.2019.2893549
Sakurada M, Yairi T (2014) Anomaly detection using autoencoders with non-linearity dimension reduction. In: Proceedings MLSDA, pp 4–11. https://doi.org/10.1145/2689746.2689747
Pascoal C, Oliveira MRD, Valadas R, Filzmoser P, Salvador P, Pacheco A (2012) Robust feature selection and robust PCA for internet traffic anomaly detection. In: 2012 proceedings INFOCOM, pp 1755–1763. https://doi.org/10.1109/INFCOM.2012.6195548
Chiang A, David E, Lee Y-J, Leshem G, Yeh Y-R (2017) A study on anomaly detection ensembles. J Appl Logic 21: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jal.2016.12.002
Lu D, Zhao Y, Xu H, Sun Y, Pei D, Luo J, Jeng X, Feng M (2015) Opprentice: towards practical and automatic anomaly detection through machine learning. In: Internet measurement conference (IMC), pp 211–244. https://doi.org/10.1145/2815675.2815679
Pandeeshwari G, Kumar G (2015) Anomaly detection system in cloud environment using fuzzy clustering-based ANN. Mobile Netw Appl 494–595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-015-0644-x
Guan Q, Fu S (2013) Adaptive anomaly identification by exploring metric subspace in cloud computing infrastructures. In: IEEE 32nd symposium on reliable distributed system, pp 205–214. https://doi.org/10.1109/SRDS.2013.29
Deckee L, Vandermeuelen R, Ruff L, Mandt S, Kloft M (2019) Image anomaly detection with generative adversarial networks. In: Joint European conference on ML and KDD, pp 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10925-7_1
Dawoud A, Shahristani S, Raun C (2018) Deep learning for network anomaly detection. In: International conference on ML and data engineering, (iCMLDE), pp 117–120. https://doi.org/10.1109/iCMLDE.2018.0035
Kuang L, Zulkernine M (2008) An anomaly intrusion detection method using the CSI-KNN algorithm. In: Proceedings ACM symposium on applied computing, pp 921–926. https://doi.org/10.1145/1363686.1363897
Lundstrom J, Morais WQD, Cooney M (2015) A holistic smart home demonstrator for anomaly detection and response. In: International conference on pervasive computing and communicating workshop, pp 330–335. https://doi.org/10.1009/PERCOMW.2015.7134058
Han SJ, Cho SB (2006) Evolutionary neural networks for anomaly detection based on behaviour of a program. In: IEEE systems, man and cybernetics society, pp 559–579. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCB.2005.860136
Sueitani H, Ideita AM, Morimoto J (2011) Non-linear structure of escape times to falls a passive dynamic walker on irregular slope: anomaly detection using multiclass support vector machine and state extraction by canonical correlation analysis (CCA). In: IEEE/RSJ international conference on intelligence robots and systems, pp 2715–2722. https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2011.6094853
Zhang XQ, Gu C-H (2007) CH-SVM based network anomaly detection. In: International conference on ML and cybernetics (ICMLC), vol 6, pp 3261–3266. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMLC.2007.4370710
Palmeiri F, Fiore U (2010) Network anomaly detection through nonlinear analysis. In: Computers and security, vol 29, issue 7, pp 737–755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2010.05.002
Cui B, He S (2016) Anomaly detection based on Hadoop platform and weka interface. In: 10th international conference on innovative mob and internet services in ubiquitous computing, pp 84–89. https://doi.org/10.1109/IMIS.2016.50
Yan G (2016) Network anomaly traffic detection method based on Support vector Machine. In: International conference on smart city and system engineering (ICSCSE). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSCSE.2016.0011
Bhatia R, Benno S, Esteban J, Lakshman TV, Grogan J (2019) Unsupervised machine learning for network centric anomaly detection in IoT. In: 3rd ACM CoNEXT workshop on ML, AI and DCN, pp 42–48. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359992.3366641
Provotar OI, Linder YM, Veres MM (2019) Unsupervised anomaly detection in time series using LSTM based. In: IEEE international conference on advanced trends in info theory (ATIT), pp 513–517. https://doi.org/10.1109/ATIT49449.2019.9030505
Pachauri G, Sharma S (2015) Anomaly detection in medical wireless sensor networks using machine learning algorithms. Proc Comput Sci 70: 325–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/procs.2015.10.026
Vanerio J, Casa P (2017) Ensemble learning approaches for network security and anomaly detection. In: Proceedings on bigdata analysis and ML for data communications, pp 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1145/3098593.3098594
Kulkarni A, Pino Y, French M, Mohensin T (2016) Real time anomaly detection framework for many core router through machine learning techniques. ACM J Emerging Tech Comput Syst 13910: 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1145/2827699
Ippoliti D, Zhou X (2012) A-GHSOM: an adaptive growing hierarchal self-organising map for network anomaly detection. In: International conference on computer communications and networks, vol 72, issue 12, pp 1576–1590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2012.09.004
Zhou Y, Yan S, Huang TS (2007) Detecting anomaly in videos from trajectory similarity analysis0 IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICME.2007.4284843
Perdisci R, Ariu D, Foglu P, Giacinto G, Lee W (2009) McPAD: a multi classifier system for accurate payload-based anomaly detection. In: Computer networks, vol 53, issue no 6, pp 864–881
Zhou S, Yang CD (2006) Using immune algorithm to optimize anomaly detection based on SVM. In: Proceedings international conference machine learning cybernetics, pp 4257–4261. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMLC.2006.259008
Calderera S, Heineman U, Prati A, Cucchiara R, Tishby N (2011) Detecting anomalies in peoples trajectories using spectral graph analysis, pp 1099–1111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cviu.2011.03.003
Stibor T, Mohr P, Timmis J, Eckert C (2005) Is negative selection appropriate for anomaly detection?. In: 7th annual conference on genetic and evolutionary computation, pp 321–328. https://doi.org/10.1145/1068009.1068061
Ahmed T, Coates M, Lakhina A (2007) Multivariate online anomaly detection using kernel recursive least square. In: 26th international conference computer communications (INFOCOM), pp 625–633. https://doi.org/10.1109/INFCOM.2007.79
Tian X, Gao L-Z, Sun C-L, Duan M-Y, Zhang E-Y (2006) A method for anomaly detection of user behaviours based on machine learning, vol 13, issue 2, pp 61–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1005-8885(07)60105-8
Kumari R, Sheetanshu, Sing MK, Jha R, Sing NK (2016) Anomaly detection in network traffic using k-means clustering. In: 3rd international conference on recent advancement in IT (RAIT), pp 387–393. https://doi.org/10.1109/RAIT.2016.7507933
Oliva IP, Uroz IC, Ros PB, Dimitropolous X, Pareta JS (2012) Practical anomaly detection based on classifying frequent traffic patterns. In: Proceedings IEEE Infocom workshops, pp 49–54. https://doi.org/10.1109/INFCOMW.2012.6193518
Ahmad S, Lavin A, Purdy S, Agha Z (2017) Unsupervised real time anomaly detection for streaming data. Neurocomputing 262: 134–147. https://doi.org/10.1016//j.neucom.2017.04.070
Thing VLL (2017) IEEE 802.11 Network anomaly detection and attack classification: a deep learning approach. In: IEEE wireless communications and networking conference (WCNC), pp 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC.2017.7925567
Pajouh HH, Dastaghaibyfard G, Hashemi S (2015) Two tier network anomaly detection model: a machine learning approach. J Intel Info Syst 28: 61–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10844-015-0388-x
Thaseen S, Kumar CA (2013) An analysis of supervised tree-based classifiers for intrusion detection system. In: Proceedings international conference pattern recognition info mob engineering, (PRIME), pp 294–299. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPRIME.2013.6496489
Goh J, Adepu S, Tan M, Lee ZS (2017) Anomaly detection in cyber physical systems using recurrent neural networks. In: IEEE 18th international symposium on high assurance system engineering (HASE), pp 140–145. https://doi.org/10.1109/HASE.2017.36
Barua A, Muthurayan D, Khargonekar PP, Al Farque MA (2020) Hierarchal temporal memory-based machine learning for realtime, unsupervised anomaly detection in smart grid, WIP abstract. In: 11th international conference on cyber physical systems (ICCPS) proceedings ACM/IEEE, pp 188–189. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCPS48487.2020.00027
Rayana S, Akoglu L (2016) Less is more building selective anomaly ensembles. In: Proceedings of SIAM international conference on data mining (SDM). https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611974010.70
Schmidt AD, Peters F, Lamour F, Albayrak S (2008) Monitoring smart phones for anomaly detection . In: Mobile network applns, pp 92–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-008-0113-x
Salman T, Bhamare D, Erbad E, Jain R, Samaka M (2017) Machine learning for anomaly detection and categorization in multi-class environments. In: IEEE 4th international conference on cyber security and cloud computing, pp 97–103. https://doi.org/10.1109/CScloud.2017.15
Laxhammar L, Falkman G (2013) Online learning and sequential anomaly detection in Trajectories. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal ML 36(6): 1158–1173. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2013.172
Winding R, Wright T, Chapple M (2006) System anomaly detection: mining firewall logs. In: Secure communications and workshops, pp 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/SECCOMW.2006.359572
Muniyandi AP, Rajeshwari R, Rajaram R (2012) Network anomaly detection by cascading k-means clustering and C4.5 decision tree algorithm. In: Procedia engineering, vol 30, pp 174–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.849
Stakhanova N, Basu S, Wrong J (2010) On the symbiosis of specification based and anomaly-based detection. In: Computers and security, vol 29, issue 2, pp 253–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2009.08.007
Ashok Kumar D, Venugopalan SR (2017) A Novel algorithm for network anomaly detection using adaptive machine learning. In: Progress in advanced computing and intelligence engineering, vol 564, pp 59–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/-978-981-106875-1_7
Iglesias F, Zseby T (2014) Analysis of network traffic features for anomaly detection, ML, vol 21, issue 3, pp 59–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994.-014-5473-9
Shah B, Trivedi B (2015) Reducing features of KDD cup 1999 dataset for anomaly detection using back propagation neural network. In: 5th international conference on advanced computing and communication technologies, pp 247–251. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCT.2015.13
Limthong K, Thawsook T (2012) Network traffic anomaly detection using machine learning approaches. In: IEEE n/w operations and management symposium, pp 542–545. https://doi.org/10.1109/NOMS.2012.6211951
P Angelov, “Anomaly detection based on eccentricity analysis”, IEEE Symp on Evolving and Autonomous Learning Sys, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/EALS.2014.7009497,(2014)
Doelitzscher F, Kanhl M, Reich C, Clarke N (2013) Anomaly detection in Iaas Clouds. In: IEEE 5th international conference on cloud computing tech and science, pp 387–394. https://doi.org/10.1109/CloudCom.2013.57
Kang D, Fuller D, Honavar V (2005) Learning classifiers for misuse and anomaly detection using bag of system calls representation , pp 511–516
Goldberg H, Kwon H, Nasrabadi NM (2007) Kernel eigenspace separation transform for subspace anomaly detection in hyperspectral imagery. IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Lett 4(4): 581–585. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2007.903803
Schlegl T, Seebok P, Waldstein SM, Erfurth US, Langs G (2017) Unsupervised anomaly detection with generative adversarial networks to guide marker discovery. In: International conference on info processing in medical imaging, vol 10265, issue 2. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59050-9_12
Chand N, Mishra P, Ramakrishna C, Pilli ES, Govil MC (2016) A comparative analysis of SVM and its stacking with other classification algorithm for intrusion detection. In: International conference on advance in computing, communications and automation, pp 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACCA.2016.7578859
Aygun RC, Yavuz AG (2017) Network anomaly detection with stochastically improved autoencoder based models. In: IEEE 4th international conference on cyber sec and cloud computing (CSCloud), pp 193–198. https://doi.org/10.1109/CSCloud.2017.39
Fujimaki R, Yairi T, Machida Z (2005) An anomaly detection method for spacecraft using relevance vector learning. In: Proceedings Pacific Asia conference KDD, Lecture notes in AI and Bioinformatics, vol 3518, pp 785–790. https://doi.org/10.1007/11430919_92
Ting KM, Washio T, Wells JR, Aryal S (2016) Defying the gravity of learning curve: a characteristic of nearest neighbour anomaly detectors, ML, vol 106, issue 9, pp 55–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-016-5584-4
Frery J, Habrard A, Sebban M, Caelen O, Guelton LH (2017) Efficient top rank optimization with gradient boosting for supervised anomaly detection. In: European conference on ML KDD (ECML/PKDD), vol 10534, pp 20–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71249-9_2
Perdisci R, Gu G, Lee W (2006) Using an ensemble of one class SVM classifiers to harden payload-based anomaly detection systems. In: 6th international conference in data mining (ICDM), pp 488–498. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDM.2006.165
Araya DB, Grolinger K, Elyamany HF, Capretz MAM, Bitsuamalak GT (2017) An ensemble learning framework for anomaly detection in building energy consumption. Energy Build 144: 191–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.02.058
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Jayabharathi, S., Ilango, V. (2023). Anomaly Detection Using Machine Learning Techniques: A Systematic Review. In: Das, S., Saha, S., Coello Coello, C.A., Bansal, J.C. (eds) Advances in Data-Driven Computing and Intelligent Systems. ADCIS 2022. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 698. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3250-4_42
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3250-4_42
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-3249-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-3250-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)