Phase-aware projection model for steganalysis of JPEG images

Vojtěch Holub; Jessica Fridrich

doi:10.1117/12.2075239

4 March 2015 Phase-aware projection model for steganalysis of JPEG images

Vojtěch Holub, Jessica Fridrich

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 9409, Media Watermarking, Security, and Forensics 2015; 94090T (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2075239
Event: SPIE/IS&T Electronic Imaging, 2015, San Francisco, California, United States

Abstract

State-of-the-art JPEG steganographic algorithms, such as J-UNIWARD, are currently better detected in the spatial domain rather than the JPEG domain. Rich models built from pixel residuals seem to better capture the impact of embedding than features constructed as co-occurrences of quantized JPEG coefficients. However, when steganalyzing JPEG steganographic algorithms in the spatial domain, the pixels’ statistical properties vary because of the underlying 8 × 8 pixel grid imposed by the compression. In order to detect JPEG steganography more accurately, we split the statistics of noise residuals based on their phase w.r.t. the 8 × 8 grid. Because of the heterogeneity of pixels in a decompressed image, it also makes sense to keep the kernel size of pixel predictors small as larger kernels mix up qualitatively different statistics more, losing thus on the detection power. Based on these observations, we propose a novel feature set called PHase Aware pRojection Model (PHARM) in which residuals obtained using a small number of small-support kernels are represented using first-order statistics of their random projections as in the projection spatial rich model PSRM. The benefit of making the features “phase-aware” is shown experimentally on selected modern JPEG steganographic algorithms with the biggest improvement seen for J-UNIWARD. Additionally, the PHARM feature vector can be computed at a fraction of computational costs of existing projection rich models.

Citation Download Citation

Vojtěch Holub and Jessica Fridrich "Phase-aware projection model for steganalysis of JPEG images", Proc. SPIE 9409, Media Watermarking, Security, and Forensics 2015, 94090T (4 March 2015); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2075239

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