Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
10.1145/1128022.1128042acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagescfConference Proceedingsconference-collections
Article

On the decidability of phase ordering problem in optimizing compilation

Published: 03 May 2006 Publication History

Abstract

We are interested in the computing frontier around an essential question about compiler construction: having a program P and a set M of non parametric compiler optimization modules (called also phases), is it possible to find a sequence s of these phases such that the performance (execution time for instance) of the final generated program P′ is "optimal" ? We prove in this article that this problem is undecidable in two general schemes of optimizing compilation: iterative compilation and library optimization/generation. Fortunately, we give some simplified cases when this problem be-comes decidable, and we provide some algorithms (not necessary efficient) that can answer our main question. Another essential question that we are interested in is parame-ters space exploration in optimizing compilation (tuning optimizing compilation parameters). In this case, we assume a fixed sequence of optimization, but each optimization phase is allowed to have a parameter. We try to figure out how to compute the best parameter values for all program transformations when the compilation sequence is given. We also prove that this general problem is undecidable and we provide some simplified decidable instances.

References

[1]
A. Cohen and S. Girbal and O. Temam. A Polyhedral Approach to Ease the Composition of Program Transformations. In Proceedings of Euro-Par'04, Aug. 2004.
[2]
B. Aarts and M. Barreteau and F. Bodin and P. Brinkhaus and Z. Chamski and H.-P. Charles and C. Eisenbeis and J. R. Gurd and J. Hoogerbrugge and P. Hu and W. Jalby and P. M. W. Knijnenburg and M. F. P. O'Boyle and E. Rohou and R. Sakellariou and H. Schepers and A. Seznec and E. A. Stohr and M. Verhoeven and H. A. G. Wijshoff. OCEANS: Optimizing Compilers for Embedded Applications. In Proceedings of EuroPar'97, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer-Verlag, 1997.
[3]
C. Click and K. D. Cooper. Combining Analyses, Combining Optimizations. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, 17(2):181--196, 1995.
[4]
D. Callahan, J. Cocke, and K. Kennedy. Estimating Interlock and Improving Balance for Pipelined Architectures. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 5(4):334--358, Aug. 1988.
[5]
K. D. Cooper, D. Subramanian, and L. Torczon. Adaptive Optimizing Compilers for the 21st Century. The Journal of Supercomputing, 23(1):7--22, 2002.
[6]
L. Eeckhout, H. Vandierendonck, and K. D. Bosschere. Quantifying the Impact of Input Data Sets on Program Behavior and its Applications. Journal of Instruction-Level Parallelism, 5, 2003. Electronic journal : www.jilp.org.
[7]
S. M. Freudenberger and J. C. Ruttenberg. Phase Ordering of Register Allocation and Instruction Scheduling. In Code Generation - Concepts, Tools, Techniques. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Code Generation, pages 146--172, London, 1992. Springer-Verlag.
[8]
M. Frigo. A Fast Fourier Transform Compiler. In Proc. of Programing Language Design and Implementation, 1999.
[9]
J. E. Hopcroft and J. D. Ullman. Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation. Addison-Wesley, 1979.
[10]
J. P. Jones. Universal Diophantine Equation. Journal of Symbolic Logic, 47(3):403--410, 1982.
[11]
K. Kennedy, N. McIntosh, and K. McKinley. Static Performance Estimation in a Parallelizing Compiler. Technical Report CRPC-TR92204, Center for Research on Parallel Computation, Rice University, May 1992.
[12]
L. Almagor and K. D. Cooper and A. Grosul and T. J. Harvey and S. W. Reeves and D. Subramanian and L. Torczon and T. Waterman. Finding effective compilation sequences. In Proceeding of the Conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems (LCTES'04), Washington, DC, June 2004. ACM.
[13]
M. E. Wolf and D. E. Maydan and D.-K. Chen. Combining Loop Transformations Considering Caches and Scheduling. International Journal of Parallel Programming, 26(4):479--503, 1998.
[14]
M. Pschel and J. M. F. Moura and J. Johnson and D. Padua and M. Veloso and B. Singer and J. Xiong and F. Franchetti and A. Gacic and Y. Voronenko and K. Chen and R. W. Johnson and N. Rizzolo. SPIRAL: Code Generation for DSP Transforms. Proceedings of the IEEE special issue on Program Generation, Optimization and Adaptation, (2):232--275, 2005.
[15]
M. Zhao and B. R. Childers and M. L. Soffa. A Model-Based Framework: An Approach for Profit-driven Optimization. In ACM SIGMICRO Int. Conference on Code Generation and Optimization (CGO'05), San Jose, California, Mar. 2005.
[16]
W. Mangione-Smith, T.-P. Shih, S. Abraham, and E. Davidson. Approaching a Machine-Application Bound in Delivered Performance on Scientifique Code. In Proceedings of the IEEE, volume 81, pages 1166--1178, Aug. 1993.
[17]
Y. Matiyasevich. Elimination of quantifiers from arithmetical formulas defining recursively enumerable sets. Math. Comput. Simul., 67(1-2):125--133, 2004.
[18]
R. Jain. The Art of Computer Systems Performance Analysis: Techniques for Experimental Design, Measurement, Simulation, and Modeling. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1991.
[19]
R. Whaley and A. Petitet and J. Dongarra. Automated Empirical Optimizations of Software and the ATLAS Project. Parallel Computing, 27(1-2):3--25, 2001. ISSN 0167--8191.
[20]
U. Schwiegelshohn, F. Gasperoni, and K. Ebcioglu. On Optimal Parallelization of Arbitrary Loops. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 11:130--134, 1991.
[21]
T. Alexander. Performance Prediction for Loop Restructuring Optimization. Master thesis, University of Carnegie Mellon. Physics/Computer Science Department, July 1993.
[22]
T. L. Veldhuizen and A. Lumsdaine. Guaranteed Optimization: Proving Nullspace Properties of Compilers. In 9th International Symposium on Static Analysis (SAS 2002). Lecture Notes in Computer Science., volume 2477, pages 263--277. springer, 2002.
[23]
K. B. Theobald, G. R. Gao, and L. J. Hendren. On the Limits of Program Parallelism and its Smoothability. In Wen-mei Hwu, editor, Proceedings of the 25th Annual International Symposium on Microarchitecture, pages 10--19, Portland, OR, Dec. 1992. IEEE.
[24]
S. Triantafyllis, M. Vachharajani, and D. I. August. Compiler Optimization-Space Exploration. Journal of Instruction-Level Parallelism, 7, Jan. 2005. Electronic journal: www.jilp.org.
[25]
K.-Y. Wang. Precise Compile-Time Performance Prediction for Superscalar-Based Computers. ACM SIGPLAN Notices, 29(6):73--84, June 1994.
[26]
D. Whitfield and M. L. Soffa. An Approach for Exploring Code-Improving Transformations. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, 19(6):1053--1084, 1997.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Refined Input, Degraded Output: The Counterintuitive World of Compiler BehaviorProceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages10.1145/36564048:PLDI(671-691)Online publication date: 20-Jun-2024
  • (2024)Guided Equality SaturationProceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages10.1145/36329008:POPL(1727-1758)Online publication date: 5-Jan-2024
  • (2023)Detection of Optimizations Missed by the CompilerProceedings of the 31st ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering10.1145/3611643.3617846(2192-2194)Online publication date: 30-Nov-2023
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. On the decidability of phase ordering problem in optimizing compilation

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    CF '06: Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Computing frontiers
    May 2006
    430 pages
    ISBN:1595933026
    DOI:10.1145/1128022
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Sponsors

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 03 May 2006

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. input data I
    2. iterative compilation
    3. library generation
    4. optimizing compilation
    5. parameters space exploration
    6. phase ordering

    Qualifiers

    • Article

    Conference

    CF06
    Sponsor:
    CF06: Computing Frontiers Conference
    May 3 - 5, 2006
    Ischia, Italy

    Acceptance Rates

    Overall Acceptance Rate 273 of 785 submissions, 35%

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)27
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)4
    Reflects downloads up to 04 Oct 2024

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Refined Input, Degraded Output: The Counterintuitive World of Compiler BehaviorProceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages10.1145/36564048:PLDI(671-691)Online publication date: 20-Jun-2024
    • (2024)Guided Equality SaturationProceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages10.1145/36329008:POPL(1727-1758)Online publication date: 5-Jan-2024
    • (2023)Detection of Optimizations Missed by the CompilerProceedings of the 31st ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering10.1145/3611643.3617846(2192-2194)Online publication date: 30-Nov-2023
    • (2022)Finding missed optimizations through the lens of dead code eliminationProceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems10.1145/3503222.3507764(697-709)Online publication date: 28-Feb-2022
    • (2022)POSET-RL: Phase ordering for Optimizing Size and Execution Time using Reinforcement Learning2022 IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (ISPASS)10.1109/ISPASS55109.2022.00012(121-131)Online publication date: May-2022
    • (2020)Synthesizing structured CAD models with equality saturation and inverse transformationsProceedings of the 41st ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation10.1145/3385412.3386012(31-44)Online publication date: 11-Jun-2020
    • (2019)SIP shakerProceedings of the 35th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference10.1145/3359789.3359848(203-214)Online publication date: 9-Dec-2019
    • (2018)A cost model for a graph-based intermediate-representation in a dynamic compilerProceedings of the 10th ACM SIGPLAN International Workshop on Virtual Machines and Intermediate Languages10.1145/3281287.3281290(26-35)Online publication date: 4-Nov-2018
    • (2016)Sulong - execution of LLVM-based languages on the JVMProceedings of the 11th Workshop on Implementation, Compilation, Optimization of Object-Oriented Languages, Programs and Systems10.1145/3012408.3012416(1-4)Online publication date: 17-Jul-2016
    • (2016)How to Architect a Query CompilerProceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Management of Data10.1145/2882903.2915244(1907-1922)Online publication date: 26-Jun-2016
    • Show More Cited By

    View Options

    Get Access

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media