research-article

Quantifying ases multiconnectivity using multicast information

Authors:

Pascal Mérindol,

Virginie Van den Schrieck,

Olivier Bonaventure,

Jean-Jacques PansiotAuthors Info & Claims

IMC '09: Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement

Pages 370 - 376

https://doi.org/10.1145/1644893.1644937

Published: 04 November 2009 Publication History

Abstract

Redundant connectivity (or multiconnectivity) between adjacent autonomous systems (ASes) is important for interdomain traffic engineering and fast recovery in case of failures. However, the redundancy of ASes business relationship links has not been quantitatively studied, mainly due to the difficulty of obtaining relevant data. In this paper, we show that the mrinfo multicast monitoring tool can provide useful data about the Internet topology and such redundant links in particular. Our analysis relies on more than four years of daily queries to about ten thousand routers mapped into more than two hundred ASes. We demonstrate that peering links between ASes are frequently redundant. In particular, our analysis shows that more than half of the studied ASes pairs are connected through multiple physical links. We then refine our analysis by considering the different types of ASes and their business relationships. A particular result of our analysis is that at least 75% of the peer-to-peer relationships between adjacent Tier-1 ASes are redundant, i.e., the connections between these ASes involve several physical links. Our analysis is conservative, providing so a lower bound, as some links might not be seen by mrinfo due to ISPs filtering policies.

References

[1]

B. Donnet and T. Friedman, "Internet topology discovery: a survey" IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 2--15, December 2007.

Digital Library

[2]

H. Haddadi, G. Iannaccone, A. Moore, R. Mortier, and M. Rio, "Network topologies: Inference, modeling and generation," IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 48--69, April 2008.

Digital Library

[3]

N. Feamster, Z. M. Mao, and J. B. Rexford, "Borderguard: Detecting cold potatoes from peers," in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference (IMC), October 2004.

Digital Library

[4]

O. Bonaventure, C. FilsFils, and P. Francois, "Achieving sub-50 milliseconds recovery upon bgp peering link failures" in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM CoNEXT, December 2005.

Digital Library

[5]

N. Kushman, S. Kandula, D. Katabi, and B. M. Maggs, "R-BGP: Staying connected in a connected world" in Proc. USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), April 2007.

Digital Library

[6]

Y. Liao, L. Gao, R. Guerin, and Z.-L. Zhang, "Reliable interdomain routing through multiple complementary routing processes" in Proc. Re-Architecting the Internet Workshop (ReARCH), December 2008.

[7]

J. He and J. Rexford, "Toward Internet-wide multipath routing" IEEE Network, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 16--21, March/April 2008.

Digital Library

[8]

D. Wischik, M. Handley, and M. Bagnulo Braun, "The resource pooling principle" ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 47--52, October 2008.

Digital Library

[9]

W. Xu and J. Rexford, "MIRO: Multi-path interdomain routing" in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, September 2006.

Digital Library

[10]

R. Oliveira, D. Pei, W. Willinger, B. Zhang, and L. L. Zhang, "In search of the elusive ground truth: The Internet's AS-level connectivity structure" in Proc. ACM SIGMETRICS, June 2008.

Digital Library

[11]

M. Zhang, Y. Ruan, V. Pai, and J. Rexford, "How DNS misnaming distorts internet topology mapping" in Proc. USENIX Annual Technical Conference, May/June 2006.

Digital Library

[12]

R. Teixeira, K. Marzullo, S. Savage, and G. Voelker, "In search of path diversity in ISP networks" in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference (IMC), October 2003.

Digital Library

[13]

V. Jacobson, "mrinfo" 1995, see http://cvsweb.netbsd.org/bsdweb.cgi/src/usr.sbin/mrinfo/?only_with_tag=%MAIN.

[14]

J.-J. Pansiot, "mrinfo dataset" see http://svnet.u-strasbg.fr/mrinfo/.

[15]

S. Agarwal, C.-N. Chuah, and R. H. Katz, "OPCA: Robust interdomain policy routing and traffic control" in Proc. IEEE Conference on Open Architectures and Network Programming (OPENARCH), April 2003.

[16]

T. Pusateri, "Distance vector multicast routing protocol version 3 (DVMRP)" Internet Engineering Task Force, Internet Draft (Work in Progress) draft-ietf-idmr-dvmrp-v3-11, October 2003.

[17]

P. Sharma, E. Perry, and R. Malpani, "IP multicast operational network management: Design, challenges, and experiences" IEEE Network, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 49--55, March 2003.

Digital Library

[18]

S. Deering, "Host extensions for IP multicasting" Internet Engineering Task Force, RFC 1112, August 1989.

[19]

k. claffy, Y. Hyun, K. Keys, M. Fomenkov, and D. Krioukov, "Internet mapping: from art to science" in Proc. IEEE Cybersecurity Applications and Technologies Conference for Homeland Security (CATCH), March 2009.

Digital Library

[20]

B. Augustin, X. Cuvellier, B. Orgogozo, F. Viger, T. Friedman, M. Latapy, C. Magnien, and R. Teixeira, "Avoiding traceroute anomalies with paris traceroute" in Proc. ACM/USENIX Internet Measurement Conference (IMC), October 2006.

Digital Library

[21]

J.-J. Pansiot, "Local and dynamic analysis of Internet multicast router topology" Annals of Telecommunications, vol. 62, no. 3-4, pp. 408--425, March 2007.

[22]

IANA, "Special-use IPv4 addresses" Internet Engineering Task Force, RFC 3330, September 2002.

[23]

CAIDA, "AS relationships" 2009, see http://www.caida.org/data/active/as-relationships/index.xml.

[24]

B. Augustin, R. Teixeira, and T. Friedman, "Measuring load-balanced paths in the Internet" in Proc. ACM/USENIX Internet Measurement Conference (IMC), October 2007.

Digital Library

[25]

D. Veitch, B. Augustin, T. Friedman, and R. Teixeira, "Failure control in multipath route tracing" in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, April 2009.

[26]

R. Sherwood and N. Spring, "Touring the internet in a TCP sidecar," in Proc. ACM/USENIX Internet Measurement Conference (IMC), October 2006.

Digital Library

[27]

R. Sherwood, A. Bender, and N. Spring, "DisCarte: a disjunctive Internet cartographer" in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, August 2008.

Digital Library

[28]

C. Magnien, F. Ouedraogo, G. Valadon, and M. Latapy, "Fast dynamics in Internet topology: Preliminary observations and explanations" in Proc. 4th International Conference on Internet Monitoring and Protection (ICIMP), May 2009.

Digital Library

Cited By

Piraux MNavarre LRybowski NBonaventure ODonnet BBarakat CPelsser CBenson TChoffnes D(2022)Revealing the evolution of a cloud provider through its network weather mapProceedings of the 22nd ACM Internet Measurement Conference10.1145/3517745.3561462(298-304)Online publication date: 25-Oct-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3517745.3561462
Marechal EMérindol PDonnet B(2022)ISP Probing Reduction with AnaximanderPassive and Active Measurement10.1007/978-3-030-98785-5_20(441-469)Online publication date: 22-Mar-2022
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98785-5_20
Apostolaki MSingla AVanbever L(2021)Performance-Driven Internet Path SelectionProceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Symposium on SDN Research (SOSR)10.1145/3482898.3483366(41-53)Online publication date: 11-Oct-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3482898.3483366
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Quantifying ases multiconnectivity using multicast information
1. Networks
  1. Network properties
    1. Network structure

Recommendations

On the impact of layer-2 on node degree distribution
IMC '10: Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement

The Internet topology data collected through traceroute exploration has been extensively studied in the past. In particular, a remarkable property of the Internet, the power-law shape of node degree distribution, drew the attention of the research ...
Context-aware multicast routing scheme for disruption tolerant networks
PE-WASUN '06: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM international workshop on Performance evaluation of wireless ad hoc, sensor and ubiquitous networks

Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are emerging solutions to networks that experience frequent network partitions and large end-to-end delays. Several schemes have been proposed for multicast routing in DTNs assuming the availability of different ...
An encounter-based multicast scheme for disruption tolerant networks

Some ad hoc network scenarios are characterized by frequent partitions and intermittent connectivity. Hence, existing ad hoc routing schemes that assume that an end-to-end path exists from a source to a destination do not work in such challenging ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

IMC '09: Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement

November 2009

468 pages

ISBN:9781605587714

DOI:10.1145/1644893

Program Chairs:
Anja Feldmann
Deutsche Telekom Laboratories / TU Berlin
,
Laurent Mathy
Lancaster University

Copyright © 2009 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

SIGCOMM: ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication

In-Cooperation

SIGMETRICS: ACM Special Interest Group on Measurement and Evaluation

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 04 November 2009

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Conference

IMC '09

Sponsor:

SIGCOMM

IMC '09: Internet Measurement Conference

November 4 - 6, 2009

Illinois, Chicago, USA

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 277 of 1,083 submissions, 26%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

28
Total Citations
View Citations
259
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)13
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1

Reflects downloads up to 27 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Piraux MNavarre LRybowski NBonaventure ODonnet BBarakat CPelsser CBenson TChoffnes D(2022)Revealing the evolution of a cloud provider through its network weather mapProceedings of the 22nd ACM Internet Measurement Conference10.1145/3517745.3561462(298-304)Online publication date: 25-Oct-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3517745.3561462
Marechal EMérindol PDonnet B(2022)ISP Probing Reduction with AnaximanderPassive and Active Measurement10.1007/978-3-030-98785-5_20(441-469)Online publication date: 22-Mar-2022
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98785-5_20
Apostolaki MSingla AVanbever L(2021)Performance-Driven Internet Path SelectionProceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM Symposium on SDN Research (SOSR)10.1145/3482898.3483366(41-53)Online publication date: 11-Oct-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3482898.3483366
Chang YLin HChu HWang P(2021)Efficient Topology Discovery for Software-Defined NetworksIEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management10.1109/TNSM.2020.304762318:2(1375-1388)Online publication date: Jun-2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSM.2020.3047623
Chiu KMin Wang JAbdelmoniem ABensaou B(2021)A Two-tiered Caching Scheme for Information-Centric Networks2021 IEEE 22nd International Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing (HPSR)10.1109/HPSR52026.2021.9481839(1-6)Online publication date: 7-Jun-2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/HPSR52026.2021.9481839
Steffen SGehr TTsankov PVanbever LVechev M(2020)Probabilistic Verification of Network ConfigurationsProceedings of the Annual conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication on the applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication10.1145/3387514.3405900(750-764)Online publication date: 30-Jul-2020
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3387514.3405900
Li QLiu JHu YXu MWu J(2019)BGP with BGPsec: Attacks and CountermeasuresIEEE Network10.1109/MNET.2018.180017133:4(194-200)Online publication date: Jul-2019
https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2018.1800171
Sargent MKristoff JPaxson VAllman M(2017)On the Potential Abuse of IGMPACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review10.1145/3041027.304103147:1(27-35)Online publication date: 17-Jan-2017
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3041027.3041031
Motamedi RRejaie RWillinger W(2015)A Survey of Techniques for Internet Topology DiscoveryIEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials10.1109/COMST.2014.237652017:2(1044-1065)Online publication date: Oct-2016
https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2014.2376520
Tarissan F(2015)Comparing Overlapping Properties of Real Bipartite NetworksISCS 2014: Interdisciplinary Symposium on Complex Systems10.1007/978-3-319-10759-2_32(309-317)Online publication date: 2015
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10759-2_32
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Figures

Tables

Media

View Table of Conten