Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
research-article

Leveraging Zipf's law for traffic offloading

Published: 16 January 2012 Publication History

Abstract

Internet traffic has Zipf-like properties at multiple aggregation levels. These properties suggest the possibility of offloading most of the traffic from a complex controller (e.g., a software router) to a simple forwarder (e.g., a commodity switch), by letting the forwarder handle a very limited set of flows; the heavy hitters. As the volume of traffic from a set of flows is highly dynamic, maintaining a reliable set of heavy hitters over time is challenging. This is especially true when we face a volume limit in the non-offloaded traffic in combination with a constraint in the size of the heavy hitter set or its rate of change. We propose a set selection strategy that takes advantage of the properties of heavy hitters at different time scales. Based on real Internet traffic traces, we show that our strategy is able to offload most of the traffic while limiting the rate of change of the heavy hitter set, suggesting the feasibility of alternative router designs.

References

[1]
AGARWAL, S., CHUAH, C., BHATTACHARYYA, S., AND DIOT, C. The Impact of BGP Dynamics on Intra-Domain Traffic. In ACM SIGMETRICS (2004).
[2]
AdvancedTCA Specifications for Next Generation Telecommunications Equipment. www.advancedtca.org.
[3]
CLAFFY, K. C., AND BROWNLEE, N. Understanding Internet traffic streams: Dragonflies and Tortoises. IEEE Comm. Mag. (2002).
[4]
COHEN, E., DUFFIELD, N., KAPLAN, H., LUND, C., AND THORUP, M. Algorithms and estimators for accurate summarization of internet traffic. In ACM IMC (2007).
[5]
CORMODE, G., KORN, F., MUTHUKRISHNAN, S., AND SRIVASTAVA, D. Finding hierarchical heavy hitters in data streams. In VLDB (2003).
[6]
DOBRESCU, M., EGI, N., ARGYRAKI, K., CHUN, B., FALL, K., IANNACCONE, G., KNIES, A., MANESH, M., AND RATNASAMY, S. RouteBricks: exploiting parallelism to scale software routers. In ACM SOSP (2009).
[7]
ESTAN, C., KEYS, K., MOORE, D., AND VARGHESE, G. Building a better netflow. In ACM SIGCOMM (2004).
[8]
FANG, W., AND PETERSON, L. Inter-as traffic patterns and their implications. In IEEE Global Internet (1999).
[9]
HAN, S., JANG, K., PARK, K., AND MOON, S. Packetshader: a gpu-accelerated software router. In ACM SIGCOMM (2010).
[10]
J. REXFORD, J. WANG, Z. X., AND ZHANG, Y. BGP routing stability of popular destinations. In ACM IMC (2002).
[11]
JAIN, R. Characteristics of destination address locality in computer networks: A comparison of caching schemes. Computer Networks and ISDN (1989/90).
[12]
K. CHO, K. M., AND KATO, A. Traffic data repository at the wide project. In USENIX ATC, Freenix track (2000).
[13]
KIM, C., CAESAR, M., GERBER, A., AND REXFORD, J. Revisiting route caching: The world should be flat. In PAM (2009).
[14]
KUSHMAN, N., KANDULA, S., AND KATABI, D. Can you hear me now?!: it must be BGP. ACM CCR (2007).
[15]
LABOVITZ, C., MALAN, G., AND JAHANIAN, F. Internet Routing Instability. In ACM SIGCOMM (September 1997).
[16]
LOCKWOOD, J. W., MCKEOWN, N., WATSON, G., GIBB, G., HARTKE, P., NAOUS, J., RAGHURAMAN, R., AND LUO, J. NetFPGA--an open platform for gigabit-rate network switching and routing. In Proc. of IEEE MSE (2007).
[17]
MCKEOWN, N., ANDERSON, T., BALAKRISHNAN, H., PARULKAR, G., PETERSON, L., REXFORD, J., SHENKER, S., AND TURNER, J. OpenFlow: enabling innovation in campus networks. ACM CCR (2008).
[18]
OECD. Broadband Portal. www.oecd.org/sti/ict/broadband, 2008.
[19]
PAPAGIANNAKI, K., TAFT, N., AND DIOT, C. Impact of flow dynamics on traffic engineering design principles. In IEEE INFOCOM (2004).
[20]
SARRAR, N., FELDMANN, A., UHLIG, S., SHERWOOD, R., AND HUANG, X. Towards hardware accelerated software routers. In ACM CoNEXT Student Workshop (2010).
[21]
SHERWOOD, R., GIBB, G., YAPA, K., CASSADO, M., APPENZELLER, G., MCKEOWN, N., AND PARULKAR, G. Can the production network be the test-bed? In OSDI (2010).
[22]
SHYU, W., WU, C., AND HOU, T. Efficiency analyses on routing cache replacement algorithms. In IEEE ICC (2002).
[23]
WALLERICH, J., DREGER, H., FELDMANN, A., KRISHNAMURTHY, B., AND WILLINGER, W. A methodology for studying persistency aspects of Internet flows. ACM CCR (2005).
[24]
WALLERICH, J., AND FELDMANN, A. Capturing the variability of internet flows across time. In IEEE Global Internet (2006).
[25]
WANG, L., ZHAO, X., PEI, D., BUSH, R., MASSEY, D., MANKIN, A., WU, S., AND ZHANG, L. Observation and Analysis of BGP Behavior under Stress. In ACM IMW (2002).
[26]
ZHANG, Y., BRESLAU, L., PAXSON, V., AND SHENKER, S. On the Characteristics and Origins of Internet Flow Rates. In ACM SIGCOMM (2002).
[27]
ZHANG, Y., SINGH, S., SEN, S., DUFFIELD, N., AND LUND, C. Online identification of hierarchical heavy hitters: algorithms, evaluation, and applications. In ACM IMC (2004).

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)ComPipe: A Novel Flow Placement and Measurement Algorithm for Programmable Composite PipelinesElectronics10.3390/electronics1306102213:6(1022)Online publication date: 8-Mar-2024
  • (2024)DBTable: Leveraging Discriminative Bitsets for High-Performance Packet ClassificationIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2024.345278032:6(5232-5246)Online publication date: Dec-2024
  • (2024)On the Privacy of the Count-Min Sketch: Extracting the Top-K ElementsIEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing10.1109/TETC.2024.338332112:4(1056-1065)Online publication date: Oct-2024
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. Leveraging Zipf's law for traffic offloading

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
    ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review  Volume 42, Issue 1
    January 2012
    88 pages
    ISSN:0146-4833
    DOI:10.1145/2096149
    Issue’s Table of Contents

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 16 January 2012
    Published in SIGCOMM-CCR Volume 42, Issue 1

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. heavy hitters
    2. software defined network
    3. software router

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)12
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1
    Reflects downloads up to 28 Feb 2025

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)ComPipe: A Novel Flow Placement and Measurement Algorithm for Programmable Composite PipelinesElectronics10.3390/electronics1306102213:6(1022)Online publication date: 8-Mar-2024
    • (2024)DBTable: Leveraging Discriminative Bitsets for High-Performance Packet ClassificationIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2024.345278032:6(5232-5246)Online publication date: Dec-2024
    • (2024)On the Privacy of the Count-Min Sketch: Extracting the Top-K ElementsIEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing10.1109/TETC.2024.338332112:4(1056-1065)Online publication date: Oct-2024
    • (2024)Dependency-Aware Online CachingIEEE INFOCOM 2024 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications10.1109/INFOCOM52122.2024.10621422(871-880)Online publication date: 20-May-2024
    • (2024)The Reinforcement Cuckoo FilterIEEE INFOCOM 2024 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications10.1109/INFOCOM52122.2024.10621370(1940-1949)Online publication date: 20-May-2024
    • (2024)ActiveGuardian: An accurate and efficient algorithm for identifying active elephant flows in network trafficJournal of Network and Computer Applications10.1016/j.jnca.2024.103853224(103853)Online publication date: Apr-2024
    • (2024)Efficient Flow Table Caching Architecture and Replacement Policy for SDN SwitchesJournal of Network and Systems Management10.1007/s10922-024-09824-w32:3Online publication date: 18-Jun-2024
    • (2023)Memory-Efficient and Flexible Detection of Heavy Hitters in High-Speed NetworksProceedings of the ACM on Management of Data10.1145/36173341:3(1-24)Online publication date: 13-Nov-2023
    • (2023)Go-to-Controller is Better: Efficient and Optimal LPM Caching with SplicingProceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems10.1145/35794417:1(1-33)Online publication date: 2-Mar-2023
    • (2023)MVPipe: Enabling Lightweight Updates and Fast Convergence in Hierarchical Heavy Hitter DetectionIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2023.327330731:6(3207-3221)Online publication date: Dec-2023
    • Show More Cited By

    View Options

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Figures

    Tables

    Media

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media