Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
research-article

The Complexity of Reasoning for Fragments of Autoepistemic Logic

Published: 01 April 2012 Publication History

Abstract

Autoepistemic logic extends propositional logic by the modal operator L. A formula φ that is preceded by an L is said to be “believed.” The logic was introduced by Moore in 1985 for modeling an ideally rational agent’s behavior and reasoning about his own beliefs. In this article we analyze all Boolean fragments of autoepistemic logic with respect to the computational complexity of the three most common decision problems expansion existence, brave reasoning and cautious reasoning. As a second contribution we classify the computational complexity of checking that a given set of formulae characterizes a stable expansion and that of counting the number of stable expansions of a given knowledge base. We improve the best known Δ2p-upper bound on the former problem to completeness for the second level of the Boolean hierarchy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper analyzing counting problem for autoepistemic logic.

References

[1]
Bauland, M., Hemaspaandra, E., Schnoor, H., and Schnoor, I. 2006. Generalized modal satisfiability. In Proceedings of the 23nd Annual Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3884, Springer, 500--511.
[2]
Bauland, M., Mundhenk, M., Schneider, T., Schnoor, H., Schnoor, I., and Vollmer, H. 2009a. The tractability of model checking for LTL: The good, the bad, and the ugly fragments. Electr. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 231, 277--292.
[3]
Bauland, M., Schneider, T., Schnoor, H., Schnoor, I., and Vollmer, H. 2009b. The complexity of generalized satisfiability for linear temporal logic. Logic. Meth. Comput. Sci. 5, 1, 1--21.
[4]
Bauland, M., Böhler, E., Creignou, N., Reith, S., Schnoor, H., and Vollmer, H. 2010. The complexity of problems for quantified constraints. Theor. Comput. Syst. 47, 2, 454--490.
[5]
Beyersdorff, O., Meier, A., Thomas, M., and Vollmer, H. 2009a. The complexity of propositional implication. Inf. Process. Lett. 109, 18, 1071--1077.
[6]
Beyersdorff, O., Meier, A., Thomas, M., and Vollmer, H. 2009b. The complexity of reasoning for fragments of default logic. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5584, Springer, 51--64.
[7]
Böhler, E., Creignou, N., Reith, S., and Vollmer, H. 2003. Playing with Boolean blocks, part I: Post’s lattice with applications to complexity theory. SIGACT News 34, 4, 38--52.
[8]
Buntrock, G., Damm, C., Hertrampf, U., and Meinel, C. 1992. Structure and importance of logspace MOD-classes. Math. Syst. Theory 25, 223--237.
[9]
Creignou, N., Schmidt, J., and Thomas, M. 2010a. Complexity of propositional abduction for restricted sets of Boolean functions. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning. AAAI Press, 8--16.
[10]
Creignou, N., Schmidt, J., Thomas, M., and Woltran, S. 2010b. Sets of Boolean connectives that make argumentation easier. In Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Logics in Artificial Intelligence. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6341, Springer, 117--129.
[11]
Durand, A. and Hermann, M. 2008. On the counting complexity of propositional circumscription. Inf. Process. Lett. 106, 164--170.
[12]
Durand, A., Hermann, M., and Kolaitis, P. 2005. Subtractive reductions and complete problems for counting complexity classes. Theor. Comput. Sci. 340, 3, 496--513.
[13]
Gottlob, G. 1992. Complexity results for nonmonotonic logics. J. Log. Comput. 2, 3, 397--425.
[14]
Gottlob, G. 1995. Translating default logic into standard autoepistemic logic. J. ACM 42, 4, 711--740.
[15]
Hemaspaandra, L. and Vollmer, H. 1995. The Satanic notations: Counting classes beyond #P and other definitional adventures. ACM-SIGACT News 26, 1, 2--13.
[16]
Hermann, M. and Pichler, R. 2007. Counting complexity of propositional abduction. In Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 417--422.
[17]
Hertrampf, U., Reith, S., and Vollmer, H. 2000. A note on closure properties of logspace MOD-classes. Inf. Process. Lett. 75, 3, 91--93.
[18]
Jakl, M., Pichler, R., Rümmele, S., and Woltran, S. 2008. Fast counting with bounded treewidth. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Logic Programming, Artificial Intelligence and Reasoning. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5330, Springer, 436--450.
[19]
Janhunen, T. 1999. On the intertranslatability of non-monotonic logics. Ann. Math. Artif. Intell. 27, 1--4, 79--128.
[20]
Lewis, H. 1979. Satisfiability problems for propositional calculi. Math. Syst. Theory 13, 45--53.
[21]
Lifschitz, V. 1985. Computing circumscription. In Proceedings of the 9th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Morgan Kaufman, 121--127.
[22]
Lifschitz, V. and Schwarz, G. 1993. Extended logic programs as autoepistemic theories. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning. 101--114.
[23]
Marek, V. W. and Truszczynski, M. 1991. Autoepistemic logic. J. ACM 38, 3, 588--619.
[24]
McCarthy, J. 1980. Circumscription--A form of non-monotonic reasoning. Artif. Intell. 13, 27--39.
[25]
McDermott, D. and Doyle, J. 1980. Non-monotonic logic I. Artif. Intell. 13, 41--72.
[26]
Meier, A., Mundhenk, M., Thomas, M., and Vollmer, H. 2008. The complexity of satisfiability for fragments of CTL and CTL*. Electr. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 223, 201--213.
[27]
Moore, R. C. 1985. Semantical considerations on modal logic. Artif. Intell. 25, 75--94.
[28]
Niemelä, I. 1991. Towards automatic autoepistemic reasoning. In Proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Logics in Artificial Intelligence. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 478, 428--443.
[29]
Niemelä, I. 1993. Autoepistemic logic as a unified basis for nonmonotonic reasoning. Ph.D. thesis, Digital Systems Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland.
[30]
Papadimitriou, C. 1994. Computational Complexity. Addison-Wesley.
[31]
Papadimitriou, C. and Wolfe, D. 1988. The complexity of facets resolved. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 37, 1, 2--13.
[32]
Pippenger, N. 1997. Theories of Computability. Cambridge University Press.
[33]
Post, E. 1941. The two-valued iterative systems of mathematical logic. Ann. Math. Stud. 5, 1--122.
[34]
Reiter, R. 1980. A logic for default reasoning. Artif. Intell. 13, 81--132.
[35]
Reith, S. 2003. On the complexity of some equivalence problems for propositional calculi. In Proceedings of the 28th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2747, Springer, 632--641.
[36]
Schnoor, H. 2010. The complexity of model checking for Boolean formulas. Int. J. Found. Comput. Sci. 21, 3, 289--309.
[37]
Thomas, M. 2009. The complexity of circumscriptive inference in Post’s lattice. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5753, Springer, 290--302.
[38]
Thomas, M. 2010. On the complexity of fragments of nonmonotonic logics. Ph.D. thesis, Leibniz Universität Hannover.
[39]
Valiant, L. 1979. The complexity of enumeration and reliability problems. SIAM J. Comput. 8, 3, 411--421.

Cited By

View all

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Computational Logic
ACM Transactions on Computational Logic  Volume 13, Issue 2
April 2012
267 pages
ISSN:1529-3785
EISSN:1557-945X
DOI:10.1145/2159531
Issue’s Table of Contents
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 April 2012
Accepted: 01 April 2011
Revised: 01 December 2010
Received: 01 June 2010
Published in TOCL Volume 13, Issue 2

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. Autoepistemic logic
  2. Post’s lattice
  3. complexity
  4. nonmonotonic reasoning

Qualifiers

  • Research-article
  • Research
  • Refereed

Funding Sources

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)4
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1
Reflects downloads up to 24 Dec 2024

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Strong Backdoors for Default LogicACM Transactions on Computational Logic10.1145/365502425:3(1-24)Online publication date: 30-Mar-2024
  • (2020)Parameterized complexity of abduction in Schaefer’s frameworkJournal of Logic and Computation10.1093/logcom/exaa079Online publication date: 29-Dec-2020
  • (2020)Parameterised Complexity of Abduction in Schaefer’s FrameworkLogical Foundations of Computer Science10.1007/978-3-030-36755-8_13(195-213)Online publication date: 4-Jan-2020
  • (2017)Parametrised Complexity of Satisfiability in Temporal LogicACM Transactions on Computational Logic10.1145/300183518:1(1-32)Online publication date: 20-Jan-2017
  • (2016)Strong Backdoors for Default LogicTheory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing – SAT 201610.1007/978-3-319-40970-2_4(45-59)Online publication date: 11-Jun-2016
  • (2015)Parameterized Complexity of Weighted Satisfiability ProblemsFundamenta Informaticae10.5555/2734202.2734203136:4(297-316)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2015
  • (2013)The complexity of theorem proving in autoepistemic logicProceedings of the 16th international conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing10.1007/978-3-642-39071-5_27(365-376)Online publication date: 8-Jul-2013
  • (2012)Parameterized complexity of weighted satisfiability problemsProceedings of the 15th international conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing10.1007/978-3-642-31612-8_26(341-354)Online publication date: 17-Jun-2012
  • (2012)On the parameterized complexity of default logic and autoepistemic logicProceedings of the 6th international conference on Language and Automata Theory and Applications10.1007/978-3-642-28332-1_33(389-400)Online publication date: 5-Mar-2012

View Options

Login options

Full Access

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media