article

Free access

Supporting stored video: reducing rate variability and end-to-end resource requirements through optimal smoothing

Authors:

James D. Salehi,

James F. Kurose,

Don TowsleyAuthors Info & Claims

ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, Volume 24, Issue 1

Pages 222 - 231

https://doi.org/10.1145/233008.233047

Published: 15 May 1996 Publication History

Abstract

VBR compressed video is known to exhibit significant, multiple-time-scale bit rate variability. In this paper, we consider the transmission of stored video from a server to a client across a high speed network, and explore how the client buffer space can be used most effectively toward reducing the variability of the transmitted bit rate.We present two basic results. First, we present an optimal smoothing algorithm for achieving the greatest possible reduction in rate variability when transmitting stored video to a client with given buffer size. We provide a formal proof of optimality, and demonstrate the performance of the algorithm on a set of long MPEG-1 encoded video traces. Second, we evaluate the impact of optimal smoothing on the network resources needed for video transport, under two network service models: Deterministic Guaranteed service [1, 9] and Renegotiated CBR (RCBR) service [8, 7]. Under both models, we find the impact of optimal smoothing to be dramatic.

References

[1]

C. S. Chang. "Stability, Queue Length, and Delay of Deterministic and Stochastic Queueing Networks". IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 39(5):913-931, May 1994.

[2]

E. Chang and A. Zakhor. "Scalable Video Data Placement on Parallel Disk Arrays". IS&T/SPIE Symposium on Electronic Imaging Science and Technology, Feb. 1994.

[3]

R. Cruz. "A Calculus for Network Delay, Part I: Network Elements in Isolation". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 37( 1): 114-131, Jan. 1991.

[4]

W. Feng and S. Seehrest. "Smoothing and Buffering for Delivery of Prerecorded Compressed Video". IS&T/SPIE Multtmedia Computing and Networking, p, 234-232, Feb. 1995.

[5]

M. Garrett and W. Willinger. "Analysis, Modeling and Generation of Self-Similar VBR Video Traffic". Prec. ACM SIGCOMM, p. 269-280, Aug. 1994.

Digital Library

[6]

M. Grossglauser and S. Keshav. "On CBR Service", Prec. IEEE IN- FOCOM, Mar. 1996.

Digital Library

[7]

M. Grossglauser, S. Keshav and D. Tse. "The Case Against Variable Bit Rate Services". Prec. 5th Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video, p. 307-310, Apr. 1995.

[8]

M. Grossglauser, S. Keshav and D. Tse. "RCBR: A Simple and Efficient Service for Multiple Time-Scale Traffic". Prec. ACM SIG- COMM, p. 219-230, Aug. 1995.

Digital Library

[9]

E. W. Knightly, D. E. Wrege, J. Liebeherr and H. Zhang. "Fundamental Limits and Tradeoffs of Providing Deterministic Guarantees to VBR Video Traffic". Prec. ACM SIGMETRICS, p. 98-107, May 1995.

Digital Library

[10]

M. Krunz and H. Hughes. "A Traffic Model for MPEG-Coded VBR Streams". Prec. ACM SIGMETRICS, p. 47-55, May 1995.

Digital Library

[11]

S. S. 1.am, S. Chow and D. K. Y. Yau. "An Algorithm for Lossless Smoothing of MPEG Video". Prec. ACM SIGCOMM, Aug. 1994.

Digital Library

[12]

D.T. Lee and E P. Preparata. "Euclidean Shortest Path in the Presence of Rectilinear Barriers". Networks, 14:393-410, 1984.

[13]

J. Liebeherr, D. Wrege and D. Ferrari. "Exact Admission Control in Networks with Bounded Delay Services", Tech. Report CS-94-29, University of Virginia, Jul. 1994.

Digital Library

[14]

A. W. Marshall and I. Olkin. "Inequalities: Theory of Majorization and its Applications". New York, Academic Press, 1979.

[15]

J. M. McManus and K. W. Ross. "Prerecorded VBR Sources in ATM Networks: Piecewise-Constant-Rate Transmission and Transport". Submitted for publication, Sep. 1995.

[16]

J. M. McManus and K. W. Ross. "Video on Demand over ATM: Constant-Rate Transmission and Transport". Prec. IEEE INFOCOM, Mar. 1996.

Digital Library

[17]

T. Ott, T. V. Lakshman and A. Tabatabai. "A Scheme for Smoothing Delay-Sensitive Traffic Offered to ATM Networks". Prec. IEEE IN- FOCOM, p. 776-785, May 1992.

Digital Library

[18]

A.R. Reibman and A. W. Berger. "On VBR Video Teleconfereneing over ATM Networks". Prec. IEEE GLOBECOM, p. 314-319, 1992.

[19]

A.R. Reibman and A. W. Berger. "Traffic Descriptors for VBR Video Teleconferencing over ATM Networks". IEEFJACM Transactions on Networking, 3(3):329-339, Jun. 1995.

Digital Library

[20]

A.R. Reibman and B. G. Haskell. "Constraints on Variable Bit-Rate Video for ATM Networks". IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 2(4):361-372, Dec, 1992.

Digital Library

[21]

O. Rose. "Statistical Properties of MPEG Video Traffic and their Impact on Traffic Modeling in ATM Systems". Teeh. Report 101, Univ. Wfirzburg Institute of Computer Science, Feb. 1995.

[22]

J. Salehi, Zhi-Li Zhang, J. Kurose and D. Towsley. "Supporting Stored Video: Reducing Rate Variability and End-to- End Resource Requirements through Optimal Smoothing". Tech. Report 95-98, Department of Computer Science, U. Massachusetts at Amherst, Nov. 1995 (http:tlwww.es.umass.edu/"salehi or ftp://gaia.cs.umass.edu/pub/Sale95:Supporting.ps.Z).

Digital Library

[23]

N. Shroff and M. Schwartz. "Video Modeling within Networks using Deterministic Smoothing at the Source". Prec. IEEE INFOCOM, p. 342-349, 1994.

[24]

H. Zhang and E. W. Knightly. "'A New Approach to Support Delay- Sensitive VBR Video in Packet-Switched Networks". Prec. 5 Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video, p. 275-286, Apr. 1995.

Digital Library

Cited By

Li ZDrew MLiu JLi ZDrew MLiu J(2021)Internet Multimedia Content DistributionFundamentals of Multimedia10.1007/978-3-030-62124-7_16(583-626)Online publication date: 17-Feb-2021
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62124-7_16
Li ZDrew MLiu JLi ZDrew MLiu J(2021)Network Services and Protocols for Multimedia CommunicationsFundamentals of Multimedia10.1007/978-3-030-62124-7_15(535-582)Online publication date: 17-Feb-2021
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62124-7_15
Ishakian VSweha RBestavros A(2017)AngelCast: Cloud-based peer-assisted live streaming using optimized multi-tree constructionComputer Communications10.1016/j.comcom.2017.06.011111(14-28)Online publication date: Oct-2017
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2017.06.011
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Supporting stored video: reducing rate variability and end-to-end resource requirements through optimal smoothing
1. Computing methodologies
  1. Modeling and simulation
    1. Model development and analysis
    2. Simulation theory
  2. Symbolic and algebraic manipulation
    1. Symbolic and algebraic algorithms
2. Software and its engineering
  1. Software organization and properties
    1. Contextual software domains
      1. Operating systems
        Communications management

Recommendations

Supporting stored video: reducing rate variability and end-to-end resource requirements through optimal smoothing
SIGMETRICS '96: Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems

VBR compressed video is known to exhibit significant, multiple-time-scale bit rate variability. In this paper, we consider the transmission of stored video from a server to a client across a high speed network, and explore how the client buffer space ...
Smoothing, statistical multiplexing, and call admission control for stored video

Variable bit-rate (VBR) compressed video is known to exhibit significant, multiple-time-scale rate variability. A number of researchers have considered transmitting stored video from server to a client using smoothing algorithms to reduce this rate ...
Traffic specifications for the transmission of stored MPEG video on the Internet

Guarantees of quality-of-service (QoS) in the real-time transmission of stored video on the Internet is a challenging task for the success of many video on demand (VoD) applications. Two QoS classes have been specified by the IETF Integrated Services (...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review

ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review Volume 24, Issue 1

May 1996

273 pages

ISSN:0163-5999

DOI:10.1145/233008

Editors:
Blaine E. Gaither
Hewlett-Packard, Fort Collins, CO
,
Daniel A. Reed
Univ. of Illinois, Urbana

Issue’s Table of Contents

SIGMETRICS '96: Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
May 1996
279 pages
ISBN:0897917936
DOI:10.1145/233013
Chairman:
Daniel A. Reed
Univ. of Illinois, Urbana
,
Editor:
Blaine D. Gaither
Hewlett-Packard, Fort Collins, CO

Copyright © 1996 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 15 May 1996

Published in SIGMETRICS Volume 24, Issue 1

Check for updates

Qualifiers

Article

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

104
Total Citations
View Citations
575
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)88
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)20

Reflects downloads up to 10 Oct 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Li ZDrew MLiu JLi ZDrew MLiu J(2021)Internet Multimedia Content DistributionFundamentals of Multimedia10.1007/978-3-030-62124-7_16(583-626)Online publication date: 17-Feb-2021
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62124-7_16
Li ZDrew MLiu JLi ZDrew MLiu J(2021)Network Services and Protocols for Multimedia CommunicationsFundamentals of Multimedia10.1007/978-3-030-62124-7_15(535-582)Online publication date: 17-Feb-2021
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62124-7_15
Ishakian VSweha RBestavros A(2017)AngelCast: Cloud-based peer-assisted live streaming using optimized multi-tree constructionComputer Communications10.1016/j.comcom.2017.06.011111(14-28)Online publication date: Oct-2017
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2017.06.011
Li ZDrew MLiu JLi ZDrew MLiu J(2014)Internet Multimedia Content DistributionFundamentals of Multimedia10.1007/978-3-319-05290-8_16(531-572)Online publication date: 10-Apr-2014
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05290-8_16
Li ZDrew MLiu JLi ZDrew MLiu J(2014)Network Services and Protocols for Multimedia CommunicationsFundamentals of Multimedia10.1007/978-3-319-05290-8_15(485-529)Online publication date: 10-Apr-2014
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05290-8_15
Sweha RIshakian VBestavros AClaypool MGriwodz C(2012)AngelCastProceedings of the 3rd Multimedia Systems Conference10.1145/2155555.2155587(191-202)Online publication date: 22-Feb-2012
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2155555.2155587
Reddy AHaskin RGibson J(2010)Video ServersThe Communications Handbook10.1201/9781420041163-107Online publication date: 21-Jun-2010
https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420041163-107
Lee MPark D(2007)An Efficient Transmission Plan for Adaptable Bandwidth Allocation TechniqueThe KIPS Transactions:PartC10.3745/KIPSTC.2007.14-C.3.28514C:3(285-292)Online publication date: 30-Jun-2007
https://doi.org/10.3745/KIPSTC.2007.14-C.3.285
Chang SChang RHo JOyang Y(2007)A Priority Selected Cache Algorithm for Video Relay in Streaming ApplicationsIEEE Transactions on Broadcasting10.1109/TBC.2006.88717053:1(79-91)Online publication date: Mar-2007
https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2006.887170
Xu LHelzer J(2007)Media streaming via TFRCComputer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking10.1016/j.comnet.2007.07.00351:17(4744-4764)Online publication date: 1-Dec-2007
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.comnet.2007.07.003
Show More Cited By

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents