Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
10.1145/2815782.2815822acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PageshtConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Developing a Conceptual Model for Facilitating the Issuing of Digital Badges in a Resource Constrained Environment

Published: 28 September 2015 Publication History

Abstract

Gamification and digital badging are new concepts to the educational environment, where on completion of specific tasks, an individual can earn a badge or badges showing their achievement. Currently Mozilla Open Badges is the standard for the issuing, managing and receiving of digital badges in connected environments. These Mozilla Badges are issued to learners by facilitators or organisational representatives acting as a form of accreditation for the skills said individual has learnt. The issuing of Mozilla Open Badges faces major challenges within resource constrained environments. This is due to the lack of internet connectivity within these areas which is a core requirement for the successful operation of Mozilla Open Badges. Therefore as a major contribution, this paper aims at introducing a model that will solve the problem of issuing badges within resource constrained environments. The study made use of the interpretive philosophy, following the inductive approach with the three-cycle view of design science research. Three project experts were interviewed in order to identify the components that are critical in providing a model for facilitating the issuing of digital badges in a resource constrained environment. Through feedback from users, and in conjunction with the literature review, a final model for facilitating the issuing of digital badges in a resource-constrained environment has been proposed. The proposed model is useful and applicable to any developing or disconnected environment throughout the world.

References

[1]
World Economic Forum, The Global Information Technology Report 2015, in The Global Information Technology Report, S. Dutta, T. Geiger, and B. Lanvin, Editors. 2015, World Economic Forum.
[2]
O'Hagan, T., Mobility in Education: Can Mobile Devices Support Teaching and Learning in South Africa? overcoMing & innovation, 2013: p. 55.
[3]
Department of Basic Education, Education Statistics in South Africa 2012. 2014, Department of Basic Education, South Africa.
[4]
Czerniewicz, L. and Brown, C., The Habitus and Technological Practices of Rural Students: A Case Study. South African Journal of Education, 2014. 34(1): p. 1--14.
[5]
Gardiner, M., Education in Rural Areas. Issues in Education Policy, 2008. 4: p. 1--33.
[6]
Mukeredzi, T.G., Professional Development through Teacher Roles: Conceptions of Professionally Unqualified Teachers in Rural South Africa and Zimbabwe. Journal of Research in Rural Education, 2013. 28(11).
[7]
Anderson, R.E., Anderson, R.J., Borriello, G., and Kolko, B. Designing Technology for Resource-Constrained Environments: Three Approaches to a Multidisciplinary Capstone Sequence. in Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2012. 2012. IEEE.
[8]
Hindle, D., Guidelines for Teacher Training and Professional Development in Ict. 2007, Department of Education.
[9]
Botha, A., Herselman, M., and Ford, M., Gamification Beyond Badges, in IST Africa. 2014: Mauritius.
[10]
Young, J.R., Grades out, Badges In. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 2012.
[11]
Mozilla. Mozilla Open Badges. 2015 {cited 2015 June 10, 2015}; Available from: http://openbadges.org/.
[12]
Mozilla. About Mozilla Open Badges. 2015 {cited 2015 February, 12}; Available from: http://openbadges.org/about/.
[13]
Bull, B. Open Vs. Closed Badging Systems. 2014 {cited 2015 June 10, 2015}; Available from: http://etale.org/main/2014/08/16/open-vs-closed-badging-systems/.
[14]
Mozilla Wiki. Badges/Infrastructure-Tech-Docs. 2012 {cited 2015 March, 25}; Available from: https://wiki.mozilla.org/Badges/infrastructure-tech-docs.
[15]
Botha, A., Salerno, C., Niemand, M.D., Ouma, S., and Makitla, I. Disconnected Electronic Badges in Resource Constrained Environments: A Use Case from the Rural Nciba District in the Eastern Cape. in Conference on Advances In Computing, Communication and Information Technology. 2014. London, United Kingdom.
[16]
Klein, H.K. and Myers, M.D., A Set of Principles for Conducting and Evaluating Interpretive Field Studies in Information Systems. MIS quarterly, 1999: p. 67--93.
[17]
Dunn, W.N., Qualitative Methodology. Science Communication, 1983. 4(4): p. 590--597.
[18]
Trochim, W.M. The Research Methods Knowledge Base. 2006 October 20, 2006 {cited 2015 June 8, 2015}; 2nd Edition:{Available from: http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/dedind.php.
[19]
Hevner, A.R., A Three Cycle View of Design Science Research. Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems, 2007. 19(2): p. 4.
[20]
Harsh, S., Purposeful Sampling in Qualitative Research Synthesis. Qualitative Research Journal, 2011. 11(2): p. 63--75.
[21]
Thomas, D.R., A General Inductive Approach for Analyzing Qualitative Evaluation Data. American Journal of Evaluation, 2006. 27(2): p. 237--246.
[22]
Deterding, S., Dixon, D., Khaled, R., and Nacke, L. From Game Design Elements to Gamefulness: Defining Gamification. in International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future Media Environments. 2011.
[23]
Gibson, D., Ostashewski, N., Flintoff, K., Grant, S., and Knight, E., Digital Badges in Education. Education and Information Technologies, 2013: p. 1--8.
[24]
Antin, J. and Churchill, E.F., Badges in Social Media: A Social Psychological Perspective, in CHI 2011. 2011, UX Scientist: Vancouver, BC, Canada.
[25]
Ostashewski, N. and Reid, D., A History and Frameworks of Digital Badges in Education, in Gamification in Education and Business, T. Reiners and L.C. Wood, Editors. 2015, Springer International Publishing. p. 187--200.
[26]
Randall, D.L., Harrison, J.B., and West, R.E., Giving Credit Where Credit Is Due: Designing Open Badges for a Technology Integration Course. TechTrends, 2013. 57(6): p. 88--95.
[27]
Moore, M.G., Independent Learning, Moocs, and the Open Badges Infrastructure. American Journal of Distance Education, 2013. 27(2): p. 75--76.
[28]
Mozilla Wiki. Badges/Badgekit. 2014 {cited 2015 14 May 2015}; Available from: https://wiki.mozilla.org/Badges/badgekit.
[29]
Finkelstein, J., Knight, E., and Manning, S., The Potential and Value of Using Digital Badges for Adult Learners. 2013, American Institutes for Research: Washington.
[30]
OECD, Understanding the Digital Divide. 2001, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
[31]
McCollum, S., Getting Past the `Digital Divide'. The Education Digest, 2011. 77(2): p. 52--55.
[32]
Johnson, D.L., Pejovic, V., Belding, E.M., and van Stam, G., Traffic Characterization and Internet Usage in Rural Africa, in International Conference Companion on World Wide Web. 2011, ACM: Hyderabad, India. p. 493--502.
[33]
Jamil, H., Razak, N.A., Raju, R., and Mohamed, A.R., Teacher Professional Development in Malaysia: Issues and Challenges. 2007.
[34]
Moore, D.M., Burton, J.K., and Dodl, N.R., The Role of Facilitators in Virginia's Electronic Classroom Project. American Journal of Distance Education, 1991. 5(3): p. 29--39.
[35]
Derbyshire, J.A., Machin, A.I., and Crozier, S., Facilitating Classroom Based Interprofessional Learning: A Grounded Theory Study of University Educators' Perceptions of Their Role Adequacy as Facilitators. Nurse Education Today, 2015. 35(1): p. 50--56.
[36]
Jenlink, P.M. and Kinnucan-Welsch, K., Case Stories of Facilitating Professional Development. Teaching and Teacher Education, 2001. 17(6): p. 705--724.
[37]
du Plessis, A. and Webb, P., A Teacher Proposed Heuristic for Ict Professional Teacher Development and Implementation in the South African Context. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology - TOJET, 2012. 11(4): p. 46--55.
[38]
Kinyanjui, P.E., Development of Nepad E-Schools Initiative. 2007, NEPAD.
[39]
Lekalakala-Mokgele, E., Facilitation as a Teaching Strategy: Experiences of Facilitators. Curatonis, 2006. August 2006(August 2006): p. 61--69.
[40]
Stoltenkamp, J., Kabaka, M., and Braaf, N., The Facilitation and Support of a Blended E-Learning Course for Science Educators in a Rural Setting, South Africa. Asian Journal of Education and e-Learning 2013. 1(4): p. 240--249.
[41]
Dale, S., Gamification: Making Work Fun, or Making Fun of Work? Business Information Review, 2014. 31(2): p. 82--90.
[42]
Iosup, A. and Epema, D.H.J. An Experience Report on Using Gamification in Technical Higher Education. in SIGCSE. 2014.
[43]
Sambasivan, N., Rangaswamy, N., Toyama, K., and Nardi, B., Under Development: Encountering Development Ethnographically. interactions, 2009. 16(6): p. 20--23.
[44]
Wyche, S.P., Designing for Everyday Interactions in Hci4d. interactions, 2011. 18(2): p. 52--56.
[45]
Delerablée, C., Identity-Based Broadcast Encryption with Constant Size Ciphertexts and Private Keys, in Advances in Cryptology -- Asiacrypt 2007, K. Kurosawa, Editor. 2007, Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 200--215.
[46]
Nielsen, J. and Landauer, T.K., A Mathematical Model of the Finding of Usability Problems, in Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1993, ACM: Amsterdam, The Netherlands. p. 206--213.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Classifying Design Science Research in Terms of Types of Reasoning from an Epistemological PerspectiveDesign Science Research for a Resilient Future10.1007/978-3-031-61175-9_11(155-167)Online publication date: 27-May-2024
  • (2020)Knowledge mobilization of human–computer interaction for development research: core issues and domain questionsInformation Technology for Development10.1080/02681102.2020.1767022(1-26)Online publication date: 29-May-2020
  • (2019)Human-Computer Interaction for Development (HCI4D): The Southern African LandscapeInformation and Communication Technologies for Development. Strengthening Southern-Driven Cooperation as a Catalyst for ICT4D10.1007/978-3-030-19115-3_21(253-266)Online publication date: 27-Apr-2019
  • Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Other conferences
SAICSIT '15: Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Research Conference on South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists
September 2015
423 pages
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 28 September 2015

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. Digital Badges
  2. facilitation
  3. resource constrained environment

Qualifiers

  • Research-article
  • Research
  • Refereed limited

Conference

SAICSIT '15

Acceptance Rates

SAICSIT '15 Paper Acceptance Rate 43 of 119 submissions, 36%;
Overall Acceptance Rate 187 of 439 submissions, 43%

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)4
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 16 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Classifying Design Science Research in Terms of Types of Reasoning from an Epistemological PerspectiveDesign Science Research for a Resilient Future10.1007/978-3-031-61175-9_11(155-167)Online publication date: 27-May-2024
  • (2020)Knowledge mobilization of human–computer interaction for development research: core issues and domain questionsInformation Technology for Development10.1080/02681102.2020.1767022(1-26)Online publication date: 29-May-2020
  • (2019)Human-Computer Interaction for Development (HCI4D): The Southern African LandscapeInformation and Communication Technologies for Development. Strengthening Southern-Driven Cooperation as a Catalyst for ICT4D10.1007/978-3-030-19115-3_21(253-266)Online publication date: 27-Apr-2019
  • (2017)Creative Information Use Among Young AdultsProceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Creativity and Cognition10.1145/3059454.3059473(407-420)Online publication date: 22-Jun-2017

View Options

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media