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From Fresnel Diffraction Model to Fine-grained Human Respiration Sensing with Commodity Wi-Fi Devices

Published: 26 March 2018 Publication History

Abstract

Non-intrusive respiration sensing without any device attached to the target plays a particular important role in our everyday lives. However, existing solutions either require dedicated hardware or employ special-purpose signals which are not cost-effective, significantly limiting their real-life applications. Also very few work concerns about the theory behind and can explain the large performance variations in different scenarios. In this paper, we employ the cheap commodity Wi-Fi hardware already ubiquitously deployed around us for respiration sensing. For the first time, we utilize the Fresnel diffraction model to accurately quantify the relationship between the diffraction gain and human target's subtle chest displacement and thus successfully turn the previously considered "destructive" obstruction diffraction in the First Fresnel Zone (FFZ) into beneficial sensing capability. By not just considering the chest displacement at the frontside as the existing solutions, but also the subtle displacement at the backside, we achieve surprisingly matching results with respect to the theoretical plots and become the first to clearly explain the theory behind the performance distinction between lying and sitting for respiration sensing. With two cheap commodity Wi-Fi cards each equipped with just one antenna, we are able to achieve higher than 98% accuracy of respiration rate monitoring at more than 60% of the locations in the FFZ. Furthermore, we are able to present the detail heatmap of the sensing capability at each location inside the FFZ to guide the respiration sensing so users clearly know where are the good positions for respiration monitoring and if located at a bad position, how to move just slightly to reach a good position.

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    cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies
    Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies  Volume 2, Issue 1
    March 2018
    1370 pages
    EISSN:2474-9567
    DOI:10.1145/3200905
    Issue’s Table of Contents
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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    Publication History

    Published: 26 March 2018
    Accepted: 01 January 2018
    Revised: 01 November 2017
    Received: 01 August 2017
    Published in IMWUT Volume 2, Issue 1

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    Author Tags

    1. Fresnel diffraction model
    2. Human respiration sensing
    3. Wi-Fi
    4. Wireless sensing

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    Funding Sources

    • National Key Research and Development Plan
    • National Natural Science Foundation of China
    • Google European Doctoral Fellowship in Wireless Networking
    • Peking University Information Technology Institute (Tianjin Binhai)

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    • (2024)Push the Limit of Highly Accurate Ranging on Commercial UWB DevicesProceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/36596028:2(1-27)Online publication date: 15-May-2024
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