research-article

Raise your game for split manufacturing: restoring the true functionality through BEOL

Authors:

Satwik Patnaik,

Mohammed Ashraf,

Johann Knechtel,

Ozgur SinanogluAuthors Info & Claims

DAC '18: Proceedings of the 55th Annual Design Automation Conference

Article No.: 140, Pages 1 - 6

https://doi.org/10.1145/3195970.3196100

Published: 24 June 2018 Publication History

Abstract

Split manufacturing (SM) seeks to protect against piracy of intellectual property (IP) in chip designs. Here we propose a scheme to manipulate both placement and routing in an intertwined manner, thereby increasing the resilience of SM layouts. Key stages of our scheme are to (partially) randomize a design, place and route the erroneous netlist, and restore the original design by re-routing the BEOL. Based on state-of-the-art proximity attacks, we demonstrate that our scheme notably excels over the prior art (i.e., 0% correct connection rates). Our scheme induces controllable PPA overheads and lowers commercial cost (the latter by splitting at higher layers).

References

[1]

C. McCants, "Trusted integrated chips (TIC)," Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), 2011. {Online}. Available: https://www.iarpa.gov/index.php/research-programs/tic

[2]

D. Forte, S. Bhunia, and M. M. Tehranipoor, Eds., Hardware Protection through Obfuscation. Springer, 2017.

Digital Library

[3]

J. Rajendran, O. Sinanoglu, and R. Karri, "Is split manufacturing secure?" in Proc. Des. Autom. Test Europe, 2013, pp. 1259--1264.

Digital Library

[4]

B. Hill et al., "A split-foundry asynchronous FPGA," in Proc. Cust. Integ. Circ. Conf., 2013, pp. 1--4.

[5]

Y. Wang, P. Chen, J. Hu, and J. J. Rajendran, "The cat and mouse in split manufacturing," in Proc. Des. Autom. Conf., 2016, pp. 165:1--165:6.

Digital Library

[6]

J. Magaña, D. Shi, and A. Davoodi, "Are proximity attacks a threat to the security of split manufacturing of integrated circuits?" in Proc. Int. Conf. Comp.-Aided Des., 2016, pp. 90:1--90:7.

Digital Library

[7]

J. Magaña, D. Shi, J. Melchert, and A. Davoodi, "Are proximity attacks a threat to the security of split manufacturing of integrated circuits?" Trans. VLSI Syst., vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 3406--3419, 2017.

[8]

A. Sengupta et al., "Rethinking split manufacturing: An information-theoretic approach with secure layout techniques," in Proc. Int. Conf. Comp.-Aided Des., 2017, pp. 329--336.

Digital Library

[9]

L. Feng et al., "Making split fabrication synergistically secure and manufacturable," in Proc. Int. Conf. Comp.-Aided Des., 2017, pp. 313--320.

Digital Library

[10]

Y. Wang, T. Cao, J. Hu, and J. J. Rajendran, "Front-end-of-line attacks in split manufacturing," in Proc. Int. Conf. Comp.-Aided Des., 2017, pp. 321--328.

[11]

(2018) DfX Lab, NYUAD. {Online}. Available: http://sites.nyuad.nyu.edu/dfx/research-topics/design-for-trust-split-manufacturing/

[12]

Y. Wang, P. Chen, J. Hu, and J. Rajendran, "Routing perturbation for enhanced security in split manufacturing," in Proc. Asia South Pac. Des. Autom. Conf., 2017, pp. 605--610.

[13]

K. Xiao, D. Forte, and M. M. Tehranipoor, "Efficient and secure split manufacturing via obfuscated built-in self-authentication," in Proc. Int. Symp. Hardw.-Orient. Sec. Trust, 2015, pp. 14--19.

[14]

N. Viswanathan et al., "The ISPD-2011 routability-driven placement contest and benchmark suite," in Proc. Int. Symp. Phys. Des., 2011, pp. 141--146.

Digital Library

[15]

A. B. Kahng, H. Lee, and J. Li, "Horizontal benchmark extension for improved assessment of physical CAD research," in Proc. Great Lakes Symp. VLSI, 2014, pp. 27--32. {Online}. Available: http://vlsicad.ucsd.edu/A2A/

Digital Library

[16]

(2011) NanGate FreePDK45 Open Cell Library. Nangate Inc. {Online}. Available: http://www.nangate.com/?page_id=2325

Cited By

Rai SKumar ARai SKumar A(2023)Polymorphic Primitives for Hardware SecurityDesign Automation and Applications for Emerging Reconfigurable Nanotechnologies10.1007/978-3-031-37924-6_7(145-174)Online publication date: 20-Jun-2023
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37924-6_7
Sengupta ANabeel MAshraf MKnechtel JSinanoglu O(2022)A New Paradigm in Split Manufacturing: Lock the FEOL, Unlock at the BEOLCryptography10.3390/cryptography60200226:2(22)Online publication date: 5-May-2022
https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography6020022
Rangarajan NPatnaik SKnechtel JKarri RSinanoglu ORakheja S(2022) Opening the Doors to Dynamic Camouflaging: Harnessing the Power of Polymorphic Devices IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing10.1109/TETC.2020.299113410:1(137-156)Online publication date: 1-Jan-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/TETC.2020.2991134
Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Is split manufacturing secure?
DATE '13: Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe

Split manufacturing of integrated circuits (IC) is being investigated as a way to simultaneously alleviate the cost of owning a trusted foundry and eliminate the security risks associated with outsourcing IC fabrication. In split manufacturing, a design ...
Raise Your Game for Split Manufacturing: Restoring the True Functionality Through BEOL
2018 55th ACM/ESDA/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)
Split manufacturing (SM) seeks to protect against piracy of intellectual property (IP) in chip designs. Here we propose a scheme to manipulate both placement and routing in an intertwined manner, thereby increasing the resilience of SM layouts. Key stages ...
Are proximity attacks a threat to the security of split manufacturing of integrated circuits?
2016 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD)
Split manufacturing is a technique that allows manufacturing the transistor-level and lower metal layers of an IC at a high-end, untrusted foundry, while manufacturing only the higher metal layers at a smaller, trusted foundry. Using split manufacturing ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

DAC '18: Proceedings of the 55th Annual Design Automation Conference

June 2018

1089 pages

ISBN:9781450357005

DOI:10.1145/3195970

Copyright © 2018 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

EDAC: Electronic Design Automation Consortium
SIGDA: ACM Special Interest Group on Design Automation
IEEE Council on Electronic Design Automation (CEDA)

In-Cooperation

SIGBED: ACM Special Interest Group on Embedded Systems

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 24 June 2018

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Qualifiers

Research-article

Conference

DAC '18

Sponsor:

EDAC
SIGDA

DAC '18: The 55th Annual Design Automation Conference 2018

June 24 - 29, 2018

California, San Francisco

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 1,770 of 5,499 submissions, 32%

Upcoming Conference

DAC '25

Sponsor:
sigda

62nd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference

June 22 - 26, 2025

San Francisco , CA , USA

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

16
Total Citations
View Citations
144
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)14
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1

Reflects downloads up to 25 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Rai SKumar ARai SKumar A(2023)Polymorphic Primitives for Hardware SecurityDesign Automation and Applications for Emerging Reconfigurable Nanotechnologies10.1007/978-3-031-37924-6_7(145-174)Online publication date: 20-Jun-2023
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37924-6_7
Sengupta ANabeel MAshraf MKnechtel JSinanoglu O(2022)A New Paradigm in Split Manufacturing: Lock the FEOL, Unlock at the BEOLCryptography10.3390/cryptography60200226:2(22)Online publication date: 5-May-2022
https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography6020022
Rangarajan NPatnaik SKnechtel JKarri RSinanoglu ORakheja S(2022) Opening the Doors to Dynamic Camouflaging: Harnessing the Power of Polymorphic Devices IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing10.1109/TETC.2020.299113410:1(137-156)Online publication date: 1-Jan-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/TETC.2020.2991134
Patnaik SAshraf MLi HKnechtel JSinanoglu O(2022)Concerted Wire Lifting: Enabling Secure and Cost-Effective Split ManufacturingIEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems10.1109/TCAD.2021.305637941:2(266-280)Online publication date: Feb-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2021.3056379
Gohil VTressler MSipple KPatnaik SRajendran J(2021)Games, Dollars, Splits: A Game-Theoretic Analysis of Split ManufacturingIEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security10.1109/TIFS.2021.312282716(5077-5092)Online publication date: 2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2021.3122827
Alrahis LPatnaik SKnechtel JSaleh HMohammad BAl-Qutayri MSinanoglu O(2021) UNSAIL : Thwarting Oracle-Less Machine Learning Attacks on Logic Locking IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security10.1109/TIFS.2021.305757616(2508-2523)Online publication date: 2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2021.3057576
Patnaik SAshraf MSinanoglu OKnechtel J(2021)A Modern Approach to IP Protection and Trojan Prevention: Split Manufacturing for 3D ICs and Obfuscation of Vertical InterconnectsIEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing10.1109/TETC.2019.29335729:4(1815-1834)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/TETC.2019.2933572
Li HPatnaik SAshraf MYang HKnechtel JYu BSinanoglu OYoung E(2021)Deep Learning Analysis for Split-Manufactured Layouts With Routing PerturbationIEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems10.1109/TCAD.2020.303729740:10(1995-2008)Online publication date: Oct-2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2020.3037297
Yu SYasaei RZhou QNguyen TAl Faruque M(2021)HW2VEC: a Graph Learning Tool for Automating Hardware Security2021 IEEE International Symposium on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust (HOST)10.1109/HOST49136.2021.9702281(13-23)Online publication date: 12-Dec-2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/HOST49136.2021.9702281
Yasaei RYu SNaeini EFaruque M(2021)GNN4IP: Graph Neural Network for Hardware Intellectual Property Piracy Detection2021 58th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)10.1109/DAC18074.2021.9586150(217-222)Online publication date: 5-Dec-2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/DAC18074.2021.9586150
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Figures

Tables

Media

View Table of Conten