research-article

Refactoring Architecture Models for Compliance with Custom Requirements

Authors:

Uwe ZdunAuthors Info & Claims

MODELS '18: Proceedings of the 21th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems

Pages 267 - 277

https://doi.org/10.1145/3239372.3239379

Published: 14 October 2018 Publication History

Abstract

In the process of software-intensive systems engineering, architectures need to be designed that are compliant to the requirements. For this, architects need to examine those requirements with regard to their architectural impact. Accessing and interpreting the requirements is however not always possible, for instance if custom requirements are yet unknown at the time when the architecture is modeled. Ideally, architectural knowledge as derived from custom requirements could be imposed upon architecture models. This paper proposes a novel concept for automated refactoring of architecture models in order to meet such requirements by formalizing architectural knowledge using model verification and model transformations. Industrial application within a telecommunications service provider is demonstrated in the domain of cloud application orchestration: service providers are enabled to autonomously customize solutions predefined by vendors according to their own internal requirements.

References

[1]

Davide Arcelli, Vittorio Cortellessa, and Catia Trubiani. 2012. Antipattern-based model refactoring for software performance improvement. In Proceedings of the 8th international ACM SIGSOFT conference on Quality of Software Architectures. ACM, 33--42.

Digital Library

[2]

Thorsten Arendt, Florian Mantz, Lars Schneider, and Gabriele Taentzer. 2009. Model refactoring in Eclipse by LTK, EWL, and EMF refactor: a case study. In Model-Driven Software Evolution, Workshop Models and Evolution.

[3]

Alexander Bergmayr, Uwe Breitenbücher, Nicolas Ferry, Alessandro Rossini, Arnor Solberg, Manuel Wimmer, Gerti Kappel, and Frank Leymann. 2018. A Systematic Review of Cloud Modeling Languages. ACM Comput. Surv. 51, 1 (2018), 22:1--22:38.

Digital Library

[4]

Alexander Bergmayr, Javier Troya, Patrick Neubauer, Manuel Wimmer, and Gerti Kappel. 2014. UML-based Cloud Application Modeling with Libraries, Profiles, and Templates. In 2nd International Workshop on Model-Driven Engineering on and for the Cloud. 56--65. http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1242/paper7.pdf

[5]

Enrico Biermann, Karsten Ehrig, Christian Köhler, Günter Kuhns, Gabriele Taentzer, and Eduard Weiss. 2007. EMF model refactoring based on graph transformation concepts. Electronic Communications of the EASST 3 (2007).

[6]

Tobias Binz, Uwe Breitenbücher, Oliver Kopp, and Frank Leymann. 2014. TOSCA: Portable Automated Deployment and Management of Cloud Applications. In Advanced Web Services, Athman Bouguettaya, Quan Z. Sheng, and Florian Daniel (Eds.). Springer, 527--549.

[7]

Christoph Fehling, Frank Leymann, Ralph Retter, Walter Schupeck, and Peter Arbitter. 2014. Cloud Computing Patterns - Fundamentals to Design, Build, and Manage Cloud Applications. Springer.

Digital Library

[8]

Nicolas Ferry, Alessandro Rossini, Franck Chauvel, Brice Morin, and Arnor Solberg. 2013. Towards Model-Driven Provisioning, Deployment, Monitoring, and Adaptation of Multi-cloud Systems. In 2013 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Cloud Computing, Santa Clara, CA, USA, June 28 - July 3, 2013. IEEE Computer Society, 887--894.

Digital Library

[9]

Martin Fowler. 1999. Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code. Addison-Wesley, Boston, MA, USA.

Digital Library

[10]

Robert France, S Chosh, Eunjee Song, and Dae-Kyoo Kim. 2003. A metamodeling approach to pattern-based model refactoring. IEEE software 20, 5 (2003), 52--58.

Digital Library

[11]

Alejandra Garrido, Gustavo Rossi, and Damiano Distante. 2007. Model refactoring in web applications. In Web Site Evolution, 2007. WSE 2007. 9th IEEE International Workshop on. IEEE, 89--96.

Digital Library

[12]

Calin Glitia, Pierre Boulet, Eric Lenormand, and Michel Barreteau. 2011. Repetitive model refactoring strategy for the design space exploration of intensive signal processing applications. Journal of Systems Architecture 57, 9 (2011), 815--829.

Digital Library

[13]

Glauco Estacio Gonçalves, Patricia Takako Endo, Marcelo Anderson Santos, Djamel Sadok, Judith Kelner, Bob Melander, and Jan-Erik Mångs. 2011. CloudML: An Integrated Language for Resource, Service and Request Description for D-Clouds. In IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science, CloudCom 2011, Athens, Greece, November 29 - December 1, 2011, Costas Lambrinoudakis, Panagiotis Rizomiliotis, and Tomasz Wiktor Wlodarczyk (Eds.). IEEE Computer Society, 399--406.

Digital Library

[14]

Michael Hilton, Arpit Christi, Danny Dig, Michał Moskal, Sebastian Burckhardt, and Nikolai Tillmann. 2014. Refactoring local to cloud data types for mobile apps. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Mobile Software Engineering and Systems. ACM, 83--92.

Digital Library

[15]

Pooyan Jamshidi, Claus Pahl, Samuel Chinenyeze, and Xiaodong Liu. 2015. Cloud migration patterns: a multi-cloud service architecture perspective. In Service-Oriented Computing-ICSOC 2014 Workshops. Springer, 6--19.

[16]

Shekoufeh Kolahdouz-Rahimi, Kevin Lano, Suresh Pillay, Javier Troya, and Pieter Van Gorp. 2014. Evaluation of model transformation approaches for model refactoring. Science of Computer Programming 85 (2014), 5--40.

Digital Library

[17]

Dimitrios S. Kolovos, Richard F. Paige, and Fiona Polack. 2006. The Epsilon Object Language (EOL). In Model Driven Architecture - Foundations and Applications, Second European Conference, ECMDA-FA 2006, Bilbao, Spain, July 10-13, 2006, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science), Arend Rensink and Jos Warmer (Eds.), Vol. 4066. Springer, 128--142.

Digital Library

[18]

Dimitrios S. Kolovos, Richard F. Paige, Fiona Polack, and Louis M. Rose. 2007. Update Transformations in the Small with the Epsilon Wizard Language. Journal of Object Technology 6, 9 (2007), 53--69.

[19]

Young-Woo Kwon and Eli Tilevich. 2014. Cloud refactoring: automated transitioning to cloud-based services. Automated Software Engineering 21, 3 (2014), 345--372.

Digital Library

[20]

Frank Leymann, Christoph Fehling, Ralph Mietzner, Alexander Nowak, and Schahram Dustdar. 2011. Moving Applications to the Cloud: an Approach Based on Application Model Enrichment. Int. J. Cooperative Inf. Syst. 20, 3 (2011), 307--356.

[21]

Tom Mens. 2006. On the use of graph transformations for model refactoring. In Generative and transformational techniques in software engineering. Springer, 219--257.

Digital Library

[22]

Tom Mens and Pieter Van Gorp. 2006. A Taxonomy of Model Transformation. Electr. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 152 (2006), 125--142.

Digital Library

[23]

Object Management Group, Inc. 2000. Unified Modeling Language (UML). http://omg.org/spec/UML

[24]

Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards. 2016. TOSCA Simple Profile for Network Functions Visualization (NFV) Version 1.0. Committee Specification Draft. OASIS Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications (TOSCA) TC. http://docs.oasis-open.org/tosca/tosca-nfv/v1.0/tosca-nfv-v1.0.pdf

[25]

Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards. 2017. TOSCA Simple Profile in YAML Version 1.1. Committee Specification Draft. OASIS Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications (TOSCA) TC. http://docs.oasis-open.org/tosca/TOSCA-Simple-Profile-YAML/v1.1/TOSCA-Simple-Profile-YAML-v1.1.pdf

[26]

Gustavo Rossi, Matias Urbieta, Jeronimo Ginzburg, Damiano Distante, and Alejandra Garrido. 2008. Refactoring to rich internet applications. a model-driven approach. In Web Engineering, 2008. ICWE'08. Eighth International Conference on. IEEE, 1--12.

Digital Library

[27]

Steve Strauch, Vasilios Andrikopoulos, Thomas Bachmann, and Frank Leymann. 2013. Migrating application data to the cloud using cloud data. In e 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Service Science,(CLOSER). 36--46.

[28]

Steve Strauch, Vasilios Andrikopoulos, Dimka Karastoyanova, Frank Leymann, Nikolay Nachev, and Albrecht Stäbler. 2014. Migrating enterprise applications to the cloud: methodology and evaluation. International Journal of Big Data Intelligence 5 1, 3 (2014), 127--140.

[29]

The Eclipse Foundation. 2002. Eclipse Modeling Framework Project (EMF). http://eclipse.org/modeling/emf

[30]

Dániel Varró. 2006. Model transformation by example. In International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems. Springer, 410--424.

Digital Library

[31]

Markus Völter, Daniel Ratiu, and Federico Tomassetti. 2013. Requirements as First-Class Citizens: Integrating Requirements closely with Implementation Artifacts. In Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Model Based Architecting and Construction of Embedded Systems.

[32]

Johannes Wettinger, Uwe Breitenbücher, and Frank Leymann. 2014. Standards-Based DevOps Automation and Integration Using TOSCA. In 7th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing. IEEE, 59--68.

Digital Library

[33]

Uwe Zdun. 2010. A DSL toolkit for deferring architectural decisions in DSL-based software design. Information & Software Technology 52, 7 (2010), 733--748.

Digital Library

[34]

Jing Zhang, Yuehua Lin, and Jeff Gray. 2005. Generic and domain-specific model refactoring using a model transformation engine. In Model-driven Software Development. Springer, 199--217.

[35]

Olaf Zimmermann. 2015. Architectural refactoring: A task-centric view on software evolution. IEEE Software 32, 2 (2015), 26--29.

Digital Library

Cited By

Chondamrongkul NSun J(2023)Software Evolutionary Architecture: Automated Planning for Functional ChangesScience of Computer Programming10.1016/j.scico.2023.102978(102978)Online publication date: Jun-2023
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2023.102978
Chondamrongkul NSun J(2022)Architectural Refactoring for Functional Properties in Evolutionary Architecture2022 IEEE 19th International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA)10.1109/ICSA53651.2022.00022(146-156)Online publication date: Mar-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSA53651.2022.00022
Chondamrongkul NSun JWarren I(2021)Software Architectural MigrationACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology10.1145/346101130:4(1-35)Online publication date: 23-Jul-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3461011
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Recommendations

Legal Requirements, Compliance and Practice: An Industry Case Study in Accessibility
RE '08: Proceedings of the 2008 16th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference

U.S. laws and regulations are designed to support broad societal goals, such as accessibility, privacy and safety. To demonstrate that a product complies with these goals, businesses need to identify and refine legal requirements into product ...
An architecture-centric approach for goal-driven requirements elicitation
ESEC/FSE '11: Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGSOFT symposium and the 13th European conference on Foundations of software engineering

Software system development typically starts from a requirement specification followed by stepwise refinement of available requirements while transferring them into the system architecture. However, the granularity and the amount of requirements to be ...
Refactoring-based requirements refinement towards design

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

MODELS '18: Proceedings of the 21th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems

October 2018

478 pages

ISBN:9781450349499

DOI:10.1145/3239372

Conference Chair:
Andrzej Wąsowski,
Program Chairs:
Richard Paige,
Øystein Haugen

Copyright © 2018 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 14 October 2018

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Qualifiers

Research-article
Research
Refereed limited

Conference

MODELS '18

Sponsor:

SIGSOFT

MODELS '18: ACM/IEEE 21th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems

October 14 - 19, 2018

Copenhagen, Denmark

Acceptance Rates

MODELS '18 Paper Acceptance Rate 29 of 101 submissions, 29%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 144 of 506 submissions, 28%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

4
Total Citations
View Citations
177
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)4
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1

Reflects downloads up to 16 Oct 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Chondamrongkul NSun J(2023)Software Evolutionary Architecture: Automated Planning for Functional ChangesScience of Computer Programming10.1016/j.scico.2023.102978(102978)Online publication date: Jun-2023
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2023.102978
Chondamrongkul NSun J(2022)Architectural Refactoring for Functional Properties in Evolutionary Architecture2022 IEEE 19th International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA)10.1109/ICSA53651.2022.00022(146-156)Online publication date: Mar-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSA53651.2022.00022
Chondamrongkul NSun JWarren I(2021)Software Architectural MigrationACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology10.1145/346101130:4(1-35)Online publication date: 23-Jul-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3461011
Chondamrongkul NSun JWarren I(2020)Formal Software Architectural Migration Towards Emerging Architectural StylesSoftware Architecture10.1007/978-3-030-58923-3_2(21-38)Online publication date: 8-Sep-2020
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58923-3_2

View Options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Table of Contents