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Women (Still) Ask For Less: Gender Differences in Hourly Rate in an Online Labor Marketplace

Authors:

Nicholas Vincent,

Elizabeth M. GerberAuthors Info & Claims

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Volume 2, Issue CSCW

Article No.: 53, Pages 1 - 21

https://doi.org/10.1145/3274322

Published: 01 November 2018 Publication History

Abstract

In many traditional labor markets, women earn less on average compared to men. However, it is unclear whether this discrepancy persists in the online gig economy, which bears important differences from the traditional labor market (e.g., more flexible work arrangements, shorter-term engagements, reputation systems). In this study, we collected self-determined hourly bill rates from the public profiles of 48,019 workers in the United States (48.8% women) on Upwork, a popular gig work platform. The median female worker set hourly bill rates that were 74% of the median man's hourly bill rates, a gap than cannot be entirely explained by online and offline work experience, education level, and job category. However, in some job categories, we found evidence of a more complex relationship between gender and earnings: women earned more overall than men by working more hours, outpacing the effect of lower hourly bill rates. To better support equality in the rapidly growing gig economy, we encourage continual evaluation of the complex gender dynamics on these platforms and discuss whose responsibility it is to address inequalities.

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Cited By

Horan T(2024)Multifaceted Disparities Associated with Translator Earnings: A Quantitative Study of Upwork ProfilesJournal of Social Computing10.23919/JSC.2024.00035:1(88-100)Online publication date: Mar-2024
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Huang JMa NRivera VSomani TLee PMcgrenere JYoon D(2024)Design Tensions in Online Freelancing Platforms: Using Speculative Participatory Design to Support Freelancers' Relationships with ClientsProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36537008:CSCW1(1-28)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3653700
Munoz IKim PO'Neil CDunn MSawyer S(2024)Platformization of Inequality: Gender and Race in Digital Labor PlatformsProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36373858:CSCW1(1-22)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
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Index Terms

Women (Still) Ask For Less: Gender Differences in Hourly Rate in an Online Labor Marketplace
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Collaborative and social computing
    1. Empirical studies in collaborative and social computing

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cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction Volume 2, Issue CSCW

November 2018

4104 pages

EISSN:2573-0142

DOI:10.1145/3290265

Editors:
Karrie Karahalios
University of Illinois & Adobe
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Andrés Monroy-Hernández
Snap Inc.
,
Airi Lampinen
Stockholm University
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Geraldine Fitzpatrick
Vienna University of Technology

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Huang JMa NRivera VSomani TLee PMcgrenere JYoon D(2024)Design Tensions in Online Freelancing Platforms: Using Speculative Participatory Design to Support Freelancers' Relationships with ClientsProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36537008:CSCW1(1-28)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
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Munoz IKim PO'Neil CDunn MSawyer S(2024)Platformization of Inequality: Gender and Race in Digital Labor PlatformsProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36373858:CSCW1(1-22)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3637385
Juddi MMaharani AMalunlana MPramiyanti A(2024)Communication Patterns Between Companies and Female Drivers Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from IndonesiaHoward Journal of Communications10.1080/10646175.2024.2368140(1-19)Online publication date: 28-Jun-2024
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Sarker MTaj TSarkar MHassan MMcKenzie AAl Mamun MSarker DBhandari H(2024)Gender differences in job satisfaction among gig workers in BangladeshScientific Reports10.1038/s41598-024-68327-514:1Online publication date: 25-Jul-2024
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