Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
10.1145/3350546.3352505acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PageswiConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Structural Graph Representations based on Multiscale Local Network Topologies

Published: 14 October 2019 Publication History

Abstract

In many applications, it is required to analyze a graph merely based on its topology. In these cases, nodes can only be distinguished based on their structural neighborhoods and it is common that nodes having the same functionality or role yield similar neighborhood structures. In this work, we investigate two problems: (1) how to create structural node embeddings which describe a node’s role and (2) how important the nodes’ roles are for characterizing entire graphs. To describe the role of a node, we explore the structure within the local neighborhood (or multiple local neighborhoods of various extents) of the node in the vertex domain, compute the visiting probability distribution of nodes in the local neighborhoods and summarize each distribution to a single number by computing its entropy. Furthermore, we argue that the roles of nodes are important to characterize the entire graph. Therefore, we propose to aggregate the role representations to describe whole graphs for graph classification tasks. Our experiments show that our new role descriptors outperform state-of-the-art structural node representations that are usually more expensive to compute. Additionally, we achieve promising results compared to advanced state-of-the-art approaches for graph classification on various benchmark datasets, often outperforming these approaches.

References

[1]
Bijaya Adhikari, Yao Zhang, Naren Ramakrishnan, and B Aditya Prakash. 2018. Sub2Vec: Feature Learning for Subgraphs. In Proc. of PAKDD. Springer, 170–182.
[2]
Jose Bento and Stratis Ioannidis. 2018. A Family of Tractable Graph Distances. In Proc. of SDM. 333–341.
[3]
Pavel Berkhin. 2006. Bookmark-coloring algorithm for personalized pagerank computing. Internet Mathematics 3, 1 (2006), 41–62.
[4]
Michele Berlingerio, Danai Koutra, Tina Eliassi-Rad, and Christos Faloutsos. 2012. Netsimile: A scalable approach to size-independent network similarity. arXiv preprint 1209.2684(2012).
[5]
Aleksandar Bojchevski and Stephan Günnemann. 2017. Deep gaussian embedding of attributed graphs: Unsupervised inductive learning via ranking. arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.03815(2017).
[6]
Karsten M Borgwardt and Hans-Peter Kriegel. 2005. Shortest-path kernels on graphs. In Proc. of ICDM. 8–pp.
[7]
Karsten M Borgwardt, Cheng Soon Ong, Stefan Schönauer, SVN Vishwanathan, Alex J Smola, and Hans-Peter Kriegel. 2005. Protein function prediction via graph kernels. Bioinformatics 21, suppl_1 (2005), i47–i56.
[8]
Shaosheng Cao, Wei Lu, and Qiongkai Xu. 2015. Grarep: Learning graph representations with global structural information. In Proc. of CIKM. ACM, 891–900.
[9]
Fan Chung. 2007. The heat kernel as the pagerank of a graph. Proceeddings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, 50(2007), 19735–19740.
[10]
Claire Donnat, Marinka Zitnik, David Hallac, and Jure Leskovec. 2018. Learning structural node embeddings via diffusion wavelets. In Proc. of KDD. ACM, 1320–1329.
[11]
Evgeniy Faerman, Felix Borutta, Kimon Fountoulakis, and Michael W Mahoney. 2018. Lasagne: Locality and structure aware graph node embedding. In Proc. of WI). IEEE, 246–253.
[12]
Justin Gilmer, Samuel S Schoenholz, Patrick F Riley, Oriol Vinyals, and George E Dahl. 2017. Neural message passing for quantum chemistry. In Proc. of ICML. JMLR. org, 1263–1272.
[13]
Aditya Grover and Jure Leskovec. 2016. node2vec: Scalable Feature Learning for Networks. In Proc. of KDD. 855–864.
[14]
Will Hamilton, Zhitao Ying, and Jure Leskovec. 2017. Inductive representation learning on large graphs. In Proc. of NIPS. 1024–1034.
[15]
Keith Henderson, Brian Gallagher, Tina Eliassi-Rad, Hanghang Tong, Sugato Basu, Leman Akoglu, Danai Koutra, Christos Faloutsos, and Lei Li. 2012. Rolx: structural role extraction & mining in large graphs. In Proc. of KDD. ACM.
[16]
Glen Jeh and Jennifer Widom. 2003. Scaling personalized web search. In Proc. of WWW. ACM, 271–279.
[17]
Kristian Kersting, Nils M. Kriege, Christopher Morris, Petra Mutzel, and Marion Neumann. 2016. Benchmark Data Sets for Graph Kernels. http://graphkernels.cs.tu-dortmund.de
[18]
John Boaz Lee, Ryan Rossi, and Xiangnan Kong. 2018. Graph Classification using Structural Attention. In Proc. of KDD. ACM, 1666–1674.
[19]
Cheng Li, Xiaoxiao Guo, and Qiaozhu Mei. 2016. DeepGraph: Graph structure predicts network growth. arXiv preprint arXiv:1610.06251(2016).
[20]
Stuart Lloyd. 1982. Least squares quantization in PCM. IEEE transactions on information theory 28, 2 (1982), 129–137.
[21]
Annamalai Narayanan, Mahinthan Chandramohan, Lihui Chen, Yang Liu, and Santhoshkumar Saminathan. 2016. subgraph2vec: Learning distributed representations of rooted sub-graphs from large graphs. arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.08928(2016).
[22]
Dang Nguyen, Wei Luo, Tu Dinh Nguyen, Svetha Venkatesh, and Dinh Phung. 2018. Learning graph representation via frequent subgraphs. In Proc. of SDM.
[23]
Mathias Niepert, Mohamed Ahmed, and Konstantin Kutzkov. 2016. Learning Convolutional Neural Networks for Graphs. In Proc. of ICML. 2014–2023.
[24]
Giannis Nikolentzos, Polykarpos Meladianos, and Michalis Vazirgiannis. 2017. Matching Node Embeddings for Graph Similarity. In Proc. of AAAI. 2429–2435.
[25]
Lawrence Page, Sergey Brin, Rajeev Motwani, and Terry Winograd. 1999. The PageRank citation ranking: bringing order to the web. (1999).
[26]
Bryan Perozzi, Rami Al-Rfou, and Steven Skiena. 2014. Deepwalk: Online learning of social representations. In Proc. of KDD. 701–710.
[27]
Leonardo FR Ribeiro, Pedro HP Saverese, and Daniel R Figueiredo. 2017. struc2vec: Learning node representations from structural identity. In Proc. of KDD. 385–394.
[28]
Ryan A Rossi and Nesreen K Ahmed. 2015. Role discovery in networks. IEEE TKDE 27, 4 (2015), 1112–1131.
[29]
Nino Shervashidze, Pascal Schweitzer, Erik Jan van Leeuwen, Kurt Mehlhorn, and Karsten M Borgwardt. 2011. Weisfeiler-lehman graph kernels. Journal of Machine Learning Research 12, Sep (2011), 2539–2561.
[30]
Nino Shervashidze, SVN Vishwanathan, Tobias Petri, Kurt Mehlhorn, and Karsten Borgwardt. 2009. Efficient graphlet kernels for large graph comparison. In Artificial Intelligence and Statistics. 488–495.
[31]
Julian Shun, Farbod Roosta-Khorasani, Kimon Fountoulakis, and Michael W. Mahoney. 2016. Parallel Local Graph Clustering. Proc. of VLDB Endowment 9, 12 (Aug. 2016), 1041–1052.
[32]
Jian Tang, Meng Qu, Mingzhe Wang, Ming Zhang, Jun Yan, and Qiaozhu Mei. 2015. Line: Large-scale information network embedding. In Proc. of WWW. ACM, 1067–1077.
[33]
Anton Tsitsulin, Davide Mottin, Panagiotis Karras, Alex Bronstein, and Emmanuel Müller. 2018. NetLSD: Hearing the Shape of a Graph. In Proc. of KDD.
[34]
Ke Tu, Peng Cui, Xiao Wang, Philip S Yu, and Wenwu Zhu. 2018. Deep Recursive Network Embedding with Regular Equivalence. In Proc. of KDD. ACM, 2357–2366.
[35]
Pinar Yanardag and SVN Vishwanathan. 2015. Deep graph kernels. In Proc. of SIGKDD. ACM, 1365–1374.

Cited By

View all
  • (2023)Anomaly Detection in Machining Centers Based on Graph Diffusion-Hierarchical Neighbor Aggregation NetworksApplied Sciences10.3390/app13231291413:23(12914)Online publication date: 2-Dec-2023
  • (2023)DiffusAL: Coupling Active Learning with Graph Diffusion for Label-Efficient Node ClassificationMachine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: Research Track10.1007/978-3-031-43412-9_5(75-91)Online publication date: 17-Sep-2023

Index Terms

  1. Structural Graph Representations based on Multiscale Local Network Topologies
        Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.

        Recommendations

        Comments

        Information & Contributors

        Information

        Published In

        cover image ACM Other conferences
        WI '19: IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence
        October 2019
        507 pages
        Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

        Publisher

        Association for Computing Machinery

        New York, NY, United States

        Publication History

        Published: 14 October 2019

        Permissions

        Request permissions for this article.

        Check for updates

        Author Tags

        1. Graph Classification
        2. Node Embedding
        3. Representation Learning
        4. Structural Embeddings

        Qualifiers

        • Research-article
        • Research
        • Refereed limited

        Conference

        WI '19

        Acceptance Rates

        Overall Acceptance Rate 118 of 178 submissions, 66%

        Contributors

        Other Metrics

        Bibliometrics & Citations

        Bibliometrics

        Article Metrics

        • Downloads (Last 12 months)6
        • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1
        Reflects downloads up to 09 Nov 2024

        Other Metrics

        Citations

        Cited By

        View all
        • (2023)Anomaly Detection in Machining Centers Based on Graph Diffusion-Hierarchical Neighbor Aggregation NetworksApplied Sciences10.3390/app13231291413:23(12914)Online publication date: 2-Dec-2023
        • (2023)DiffusAL: Coupling Active Learning with Graph Diffusion for Label-Efficient Node ClassificationMachine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: Research Track10.1007/978-3-031-43412-9_5(75-91)Online publication date: 17-Sep-2023

        View Options

        Get Access

        Login options

        View options

        PDF

        View or Download as a PDF file.

        PDF

        eReader

        View online with eReader.

        eReader

        HTML Format

        View this article in HTML Format.

        HTML Format

        Media

        Figures

        Other

        Tables

        Share

        Share

        Share this Publication link

        Share on social media