research-article

On Time Synchronization Issues in Time-Sensitive Networks with Regulators and Nonideal Clocks

Authors:

Ludovic Thomas,

Jean-Yves Le BoudecAuthors Info & Claims

Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems, Volume 4, Issue 2

Article No.: 27, Pages 1 - 41

https://doi.org/10.1145/3392145

Published: 12 June 2020 Publication History

Abstract

Flow reshaping is used in time-sensitive networks (as in the context of IEEE TSN and IETF Detnet) in order to reduce burstiness inside the network and to support the computation of guaranteed latency bounds. This is performed using per-flow regulators (such as the Token Bucket Filter) or interleaved regulators (as with IEEE TSN Asynchronous Traffic Shaping, ATS). The former use one FIFO queue per flow, whereas the latter use one FIFO queue per input port. Both types of regulators are beneficial as they cancel the increase of burstiness due to multiplexing inside the network. It was demonstrated, by using network calculus, that they do not increase the worst-case latency. However, the properties of regulators were established assuming that time is perfect in all network nodes. In reality, nodes use local, imperfect clocks. Time-sensitive networks exist in two flavours: (1) in non-synchronized networks, local clocks run independently at every node and their deviations are not controlled and (2) in synchronized networks, the deviations of local clocks are kept within very small bounds using for example a synchronization protocol (such as PTP) or a satellite based geo-positioning system (such as GPS). We revisit the properties of regulators in both cases. In non-synchronized networks, we show that ignoring the timing inaccuracies can lead to network instability due to unbounded delay in per-flow or interleaved regulators. We propose and analyze two methods (rate and burst cascade, and asynchronous dual arrival-curve method) for avoiding this problem. In synchronized networks, we show that there is no instability with per-flow regulators but, surprisingly, interleaved regulators can lead to instability. To establish these results, we develop a new framework that captures industrial requirements on clocks in both non-synchronized and synchronized networks, and we develop a toolbox that extends network calculus to account for clock imperfections.

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Cited By

Guidolin--Pina DBoyer MLe Boudec J(2024)Configuration of Guard Band and Offsets in Cyclic Queuing and ForwardingIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2023.329305032:1(598-612)Online publication date: Feb-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2023.3293050
Ma YSong FPau GYou IZhang H(2023)Adaptive Service Provisioning for Dynamic Resource Allocation in Network Digital TwinIEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking10.1109/MNET.2023.333724538:1(61-68)Online publication date: 29-Dec-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/MNET.2023.3337245
Thomas LMifdaoui ALe Boudec J(2022)Worst-Case Delay Bounds in Time-Sensitive Networks With Packet Replication and EliminationIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2022.318076330:6(2701-2715)Online publication date: 20-Jun-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2022.3180763
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Index Terms

On Time Synchronization Issues in Time-Sensitive Networks with Regulators and Nonideal Clocks
1. Computer systems organization
  1. Real-time systems
2. Networks
  1. Network performance evaluation
    1. Network performance analysis
  2. Network protocols
    1. OAM protocols
      1. Time synchronization protocols

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cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems

Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems Volume 4, Issue 2

SIGMETRICS

June 2020

623 pages

EISSN:2476-1249

DOI:10.1145/3405833

Editors:
Augustin Chaintreau
Columbia University
,
Leana Golubchik
University of Southern California
,
Zhi-Li Zhang
University of Minnesota

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Published: 12 June 2020

Online AM: 07 May 2020

Published in POMACS Volume 4, Issue 2

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Cited By

Guidolin--Pina DBoyer MLe Boudec J(2024)Configuration of Guard Band and Offsets in Cyclic Queuing and ForwardingIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2023.329305032:1(598-612)Online publication date: Feb-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2023.3293050
Ma YSong FPau GYou IZhang H(2023)Adaptive Service Provisioning for Dynamic Resource Allocation in Network Digital TwinIEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking10.1109/MNET.2023.333724538:1(61-68)Online publication date: 29-Dec-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/MNET.2023.3337245
Thomas LMifdaoui ALe Boudec J(2022)Worst-Case Delay Bounds in Time-Sensitive Networks With Packet Replication and EliminationIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2022.318076330:6(2701-2715)Online publication date: 20-Jun-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNET.2022.3180763
Seol YHyeon DMin JKim MPaek J(2021)Timely Survey of Time-Sensitive Networking: Past and Future DirectionsIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2021.31207699(142506-142527)Online publication date: 2021
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3120769

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