research-article

Open access

Blockchain-empowered Data-driven Networks: A Survey and Outlook

Authors:

Victor C. M. Leung,

Yiming Liu, and

Heli ZhangAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), Volume 54, Issue 3

Article No.: 58, Pages 1 - 38

https://doi.org/10.1145/3446373

Published: 17 April 2021 Publication History

All formats PDF

Abstract

The paths leading to future networks are pointing towards a data-driven paradigm to better cater to the explosive growth of mobile services as well as the increasing heterogeneity of mobile devices, many of which generate and consume large volumes and variety of data. These paths are also hampered by significant challenges in terms of security, privacy, services provisioning, and network management. Blockchain, which is a technology for building distributed ledgers that provide an immutable log of transactions recorded in a distributed network, has become prominent recently as the underlying technology of cryptocurrencies and is revolutionizing data storage and processing in computer network systems. For future data-driven networks (DDNs), blockchain is considered as a promising solution to enable the secure storage, sharing, and analytics of data, privacy protection for users, robust, trustworthy network control, and decentralized routing and resource managements. However, many important challenges and open issues remain to be addressed before blockchain can be deployed widely to enable future DDNs. In this article, we present a survey on the existing research works on the application of blockchain technologies in computer networks and identify challenges and potential solutions in the applications of blockchains in future DDNs. We identify application scenarios in which future blockchain-empowered DDNs could improve the efficiency and security, and generally the effectiveness of network services.

Supplementary Material

a58-li-suppl.pdf (li.zip)

Supplemental movie, appendix, image and software files for, Blockchain-empowered Data-driven Networks: A Survey and Outlook

Download
59.64 KB

References

[1]

VNI Cisco. 2019. Cisco visual networking index: Forecast and trends, 2017--2022. White Paper 1 (2019). https://davidellis.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/cisco-vni-mobile-data-traffic-feb-2019.pdf.

[2]

Chao Fang, Song Guo, Zhuwei Wang, Huawei Huang, Haipeng Yao, and Yunjie Liu. 2019. Data-driven intelligent future network: Architecture, use cases, and challenges. IEEE Commun. Mag. 57, 7 (2019), 34--40.

[3]

ITU-T Y.3650. 2018. Framework of big-data-driven networking. (2018). https://www.itu.int/rec/dologin_pub.asp?lang=e&id=T-REC-Y.3650-201801-I!!PDF-E&type=items.

[4]

Weichao Gao, William G. Hatcher, and Wei Yu. 2018. A survey of blockchain: Techniques, applications, and challenges. In the 27th International Conference on Computer Communication and Network. 1--11.

[5]

Satoshi Nakamoto. 2019. Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Retrieved from http://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf.

[6]

Weisong Shi, Jie Cao, Quan Zhang, Youhuizi Li, and Lanyu Xu. 2016. Edge computing: Vision and challenges. IEEE Internet Things J. 3, 5 (2016), 637--646.

[7]

Wei Yu, Fan Liang, Xiaofei He, William Grant Hatcher, Chao Lu, Jie Lin, and Xinyu Yang. 2017. A survey on the edge computing for the Internet of Things. IEEE Access 6 (2017), 6900--6919.

[8]

Fan Liang, Wei Yu, Dou An, Qingyu Yang, Xinwen Fu, and Wei Zhao. 2018. A survey on big data market: Pricing, trading and protection. IEEE Access 6 (2018), 15132--15154.

[9]

John A. Stankovic. 2014. Research directions for the internet of things. IEEE Internet Things J. 1, 1 (2014), 3--9.

[10]

Jie Lin, Wei Yu, Nan Zhang, Xinyu Yang, Hanlin Zhang, and Wei Zhao. 2017. A survey on internet of things: Architecture, enabling technologies, security and privacy, and applications. IEEE Internet Things J. 4, 5 (2017), 1125--1142.

[11]

Hao Yin, Yong Jiang, Chuang Lin, Yan Luo, and Yunjie Liu. 2014. Big data: Transforming the design philosophy of future internet. IEEE Netw. 28, 4 (2014), 14--19.

[12]

Haipeng Yao, Chao Qiu, Chao Fang, Xu Chen, and F. Richard Yu. 2016. A novel framework of data-driven networking. IEEE Access 4 (2016), 9066--9072.

[13]

Ying Wang, Peilong Li, Lei Jiao, Zhou Su, Nan Cheng, Xuemin Sherman Shen, and Ping Zhang. 2016. A data-driven architecture for personalized QoE management in 5G wireless networks. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 24, 1 (2016), 102--110.

Digital Library

[14]

Shuangfeng Han, I. Chih-Lin, Gang Li, Sen Wang, and Qi Sun. 2017. Big data enabled mobile network design for 5G and beyond. IEEE Commun. Mag. 55, 9 (2017), 150--157.

Digital Library

[15]

Laizhong Cui, F. Richard Yu, and Qiao Yan. 2016. When big data meets software-defined networking: SDN for big data and big data for SDN. IEEE Netw. 30, 1 (2016), 58--65.

Digital Library

[16]

Kan Zheng, Zhe Yang, Kuan Zhang, Periklis Chatzimisios, Kan Yang, and Wei Xiang. 2016. Big data-driven optimization for mobile networks toward 5G. IEEE Netw. 30, 1 (2016), 44--51.

Digital Library

[17]

Min Chen, Yongfeng Qian, Yixue Hao, Yong Li, and Jeungeun Song. 2018. Data-driven computing and caching in 5G networks: Architecture and delay analysis. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 25, 1 (2018), 70--75.

Digital Library

[18]

Nan Cheng, Feng Lyu, Jiayin Chen, Wenchao Xu, Haibo Zhou, Shan Zhang, and Xuemin Sherman Shen. 2018. Big data driven vehicular networks. IEEE Netw. 32, 6 (2018), 160--167.

[19]

Matteo Sammarco, Miguel Elias Mitre Campista, Marcin Detyniecki, Tahiry Razafindralambo, and Marcelo Dias de Amorim. 2019. Unsupervised detection of adversarial collaboration in data-driven networking. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Networks of the Future (NoF’19). IEEE, 1--8.

[20]

Stefanos Astaras, Sofoklis Efremidis, Angela-Maria Despotopoulou, John Soldatos, and Nikos Kefalakis. 2019. Deep learning analytics for IoT security over a configurable BigData platform: Data-driven IoT systems. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC’19). IEEE, 1--6.

[21]

Haojun Huang, Hao Yin, Geyong Min, Hongbo Jiang, Junbao Zhang, and Yulei Wu. 2017. Data-driven information plane in software-defined networking. IEEE Commun. Mag. 55, 6 (2017), 218--224.

Digital Library

[22]

I. Chih-Lin, Qi Sun, Zhiming Liu, Siming Zhang, and Shuangfeng Han. 2017. The big-data-driven intelligent wireless network: Architecture, use cases, solutions, and future trends. IEEE Vehic. Technol. Mag. 12, 4 (2017), 20--29.

[23]

Bo Ma, Weisi Guo, and Jie Zhang. 2020. A survey of online data-driven proactive 5G network optimisation using machine learning. IEEE Access 8 (2020), 35606--35637.

[24]

Chaofeng Zhang, Mianxiong Dong, and Kaoru Ota. 2020. Enabling computational intelligence for green Internet of Things: Data-driven adaptation in LPWA networking. IEEE Comput. Intell. Mag. 15, 1 (2020), 32--43.

Digital Library

[25]

Rafael Brundo Uriarte and Rocco De Nicola. 2018. Blockchain-based decentralized cloud/fog solutions: Challenges, opportunities, and standards. IEEE Commun. Stand. Mag. 2, 3 (2018), 22--28.

[26]

Ruizhe Yang, F. Richard Yu, Pengbo Si, Zhaoxin Yang, and Yanhua Zhang. 2019. Integrated blockchain and edge computing systems: A survey, some research issues and challenges. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 21, 2 (2019), 1508--1532.

[27]

Khaled Salah, M. Habib Ur Rehman, Nishara Nizamuddin, and Ala Al-Fuqaha. 2019. Blockchain for AI: Review and open research challenges. IEEE Access 7 (2019), 10127--10149.

[28]

Muhammad Salek Ali, Massimo Vecchio, Miguel Pincheira, Koustabh Dolui, Fabio Antonelli, and Mubashir Husain Rehmani. 2018. Applications of blockchains in the Internet of Things: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 21, 2 (2018), 1676--1717.

[29]

Qingyi Zhu, Seng W. Loke, Rolando Trujillo-Rasua, Frank Jiang, and Yong Xiang. 2019. Applications of distributed ledger technologies to the Internet of Things: A survey. ACM Comput. Surv. 52, 6 (Nov. 2019).

[30]

Minhaj Ahmad Khan and Khaled Salah. 2018. IoT security: Review, blockchain solutions, and open challenges. Fut. Gen. Comput. Syst. 82 (2018), 395--411.

[31]

Xiaoyang Zhu and Youakim Badr. 2018. Identity management systems for the Internet of Things: A survey towards blockchain solutions. Sensors 18, 12 (2018), 4215.

[32]

Fabiola Hazel Pohrmen, Rohit Kumar Das, and Goutam Saha. 2019. Blockchain-based security aspects in heterogeneous Internet-of-Things networks: A survey. Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol. 30, 10 (2019), e3741.

Digital Library

[33]

Wenli Yang, Erfan Aghasian, Saurabh Garg, David Herbert, Leandro Disiuta, and Byeong Kang. 2019. A survey on blockchain-based internet service architecture: Requirements, challenges, trends and future. IEEE Access 7 (2019), 75845--75872.

[34]

Tara Salman, Maede Zolanvari, Aiman Erbad, Raj Jain, and Mohammed Samaka. 2018. Security services using blockchains: A state of the art survey. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 21, 1 (2018), 858--880.

[35]

Konstantinos Christidis and Michael Devetsikiotis. 2016. Blockchains and smart contracts for the Internet of Things. IEEE Access 4 (2016), 2292--2303.

[36]

Hany F. Atlam, Ahmed Alenezi, Madini O. Alassafi, and Gary Wills. 2018. Blockchain with Internet of Things: Benefits, challenges, and future directions. Int. J. Intell. Syst. Applic. 10, 6 (2018), 40--48.

[37]

Junfeng Xie, Helen Tang, Tao Huang, F. Richard Yu, Renchao Xie, Jiang Liu, and Yunjie Liu. 2019. A survey of blockchain technology applied to smart cities: Research issues and challenges. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 21, 3 (2019), 2794--2830.

[38]

Jameela Al-Jaroodi and Nader Mohamed. 2019. Blockchain in industries: A survey. IEEE Access 7 (2019), 36500--36515.

[39]

Pierluigi Siano, Giuseppe De Marco, Alejandro Rolán, and Vincenzo Loia. 2019. A survey and evaluation of the potentials of distributed ledger technology for peer-to-peer transactive energy exchanges in local energy markets. IEEE Syst. J. 13, 3 (2019), 3454--3466.

[40]

Zhibin Lei, Chao Feng, Yang Liu, Dennis S. F. Lee, Tony Tsang, Jun Liang, Zhijun Xiong, Yuquan Liu, and Gang Chen. 2019. Next generation blockchain network (NGBN). In Proceedings of the 20th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Data Management (MDM’19). IEEE, 452--456.

[41]

Jiasi Weng, Jian Weng, Jia-Nan Liu, and Yue Zhang. 2019. Secure software-defined networking based on blockchain. arxiv:cs.CR/1906.04342 (2019).

[42]

David Schwartz, Noah Youngs, and Arthur Britto. 2014. The ripple protocol consensus algorithm. Ripple Labs Inc White Paper 5, 8 (2014), 151.

[43]

Hui Yang, Yajie Li, Shaoyong Guo, Jian Ding, Young Lee, and Jie Zhang. 2019. Distributed blockchain-based trusted control with multi-controller collaboration for software defined data center optical networks in 5G and beyond. In Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Optical Society of America, Th1G--2.

[44]

Pradip Kumar Sharma, Mu-Yen Chen, and Jong Hyuk Park. 2017. A software defined fog node based distributed blockchain cloud architecture for IoT. IEEE Access 6 (2017), 115--124.

[45]

Cheng Li and Liang-Jie Zhang. 2017. A blockchain based new secure multi-layer network model for Internet of Things. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Congress on Internet of Things (ICIOT’17). IEEE, 33--41.

[46]

Xiaodong Zhang, Ru Li, and Bo Cui. 2018. A security architecture of VANET based on blockchain and mobile edge computing. In Proceedings of the IEEE HotICN’18 Conference. 258--259.

[47]

Yong Yu, Yannan Li, Junfeng Tian, and Jianwei Liu. 2018. Blockchain-based solutions to security and privacy issues in the Internet of Things. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 25, 6 (Dec. 2018), 12--18.

Digital Library

[48]

Keke Gai, Yulu Wu, Liehuang Zhu, Lei Xu, and Yan Zhang. 2019. Permissioned blockchain and edge computing empowered privacy-preserving smart grid networks. IEEE Internet Things J. 6, 5 (2019), 7992--8004.

[49]

Alfred Kobsa. 2007. Privacy-enhanced personalization. Commun. ACM 50, 8 (Aug. 2007), 24--33.

Digital Library

[50]

Jiafeng Hua, Hui Zhu, Fengwei Wang, Ximeng Liu, Rongxing Lu, Hao Li, and Yeping Zhang. 2019. CINEMA: Efficient and privacy-preserving online medical primary diagnosis with skyline query. IEEE Internet Things J. 6, 2 (2019), 1450--1461.

[51]

Pradip Kumar Sharma, Saurabh Singh, Young-Sik Jeong, and Jong Hyuk Park. 2017. DistBlockNet: A distributed blockchains-based secure SDN architecture for IoT networks. IEEE Commun. Mag. 55, 9 (Sep. 2017), 78--85.

Digital Library

[52]

Libo Feng, Hui Zhang, Liqi Lou, and Yong Chen. 2018. A blockchain-based collocation storage architecture for data security process platform of WSN. In Proceedings of the IEEE 22nd International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design. 75--80.

[53]

Yuhua Xu, Houtao Sun, Feng Xiang, and Zhixin Sun. 2019. Efficient DDoS detection based on K-FKNN in software defined networks. IEEE Access 7 (2019), 160536--160545.

[54]

Xudong He, Jian Wang, Jiqiang Liu, Zhen Han, Zhuo Lv, and Wei Wang. 2020. DNS rebinding detection for local Internet of Things devices. In Frontiers in Cyber Security. Springer Singapore, 19--29.

[55]

Hui Yang, Haowei Zheng, Jie Zhang, Yizhen Wu, Young Lee, and Yuefeng Ji. 2017. Blockchain-based trusted authentication in cloud radio over fiber network for 5G. In the 16th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN’17). 1--3.

[56]

Beini Zhou, Hui Li, and Li Xu. 2018. An authentication scheme using identity-based encryption blockchain. In the IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC’18). 556--561.

[57]

Chris Y. T. Ma, David K. Y. Yau, Nung Kwan Yip, and Nageswara S. V. Rao. 2010. Privacy vulnerability of published anonymous mobility traces. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom’10). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, 185--196.

[58]

Rongxing Lu, Xiaodong Lin, Tom H. Luan, Xiaohui Liang, and Xuemin Shen. 2012. Pseudonym changing at social spots: An effective strategy for location privacy in VANETs. IEEE Trans. Vehic. Technol. 61, 1 (2012), 86--96.

[59]

Petra Wohlmacher. 2000. Digital certificates: A survey of revocation methods. In Proceedings of the ACM Workshops on Multimedia (MULTIMEDIA’00). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, 111--114.

Digital Library

[60]

Shixiong Yao, Jing Chen, Kun He, Ruiying Du, Tianqing Zhu, and Xin Chen. 2019. PBCert: Privacy-preserving blockchain-based certificate status validation toward mass storage management. IEEE Access 7 (Dec. 2019), 6117--6128.

[61]

Xueping Liang, Sachin Shetty, Deepak Tosh, Charles Kamhoua, Kevin Kwiat, and Laurent Njilla. 2017. Provchain: A blockchain-based data provenance architecture in cloud environment with enhanced privacy and availability. In Proceedings of the 17th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing. IEEE Press, 468--477.

Digital Library

[62]

Yong Yuan and Fei-Yue Wang. 2018. Blockchain and cryptocurrencies: Model, techniques, and applications. IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cyber.: Syst. 48, 9 (2018), 1421--1428.

[63]

Mingli Wu, Kun Wang, Xiaoqin Cai, Song Guo, Minyi Guo, and Chunming Rong. 2019. A comprehensive survey of blockchain: From theory to IoT applications and beyond. IEEE Internet Things J. 6, 5 (2019), 8114--8154.

[64]

Hiroki Watanabe, Shigeru Fujimura, Atsushi Nakadaira, Yasuhiko Miyazaki, Akihito Akutsu, and Jay Junichi Kishigami. 2015. Blockchain contract: A complete consensus using blockchain. In the IEEE 4th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE’15). IEEE, 577--578.

[65]

Rui Zhang, Rui Xue, and Ling Liu. 2019. Security and privacy on blockchain. ACM Comput. Surv. 52, 3 (July 2019), 1--34.

Digital Library

[66]

Till Neudecker and Hannes Hartenstein. 2018. Network layer aspects of permissionless blockchains. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 21, 1 (2018), 838--857.

[67]

Wenbo Wang, Dinh Thai Hoang, Peizhao Hu, Zehui Xiong, Dusit Niyato, Ping Wang, Yonggang Wen, and Dong In Kim. 2019. A survey on consensus mechanisms and mining strategy management in blockchain networks. IEEE Access 7 (2019), 22328--22370.

[68]

Marianna Belotti, Nikola Božić, Guy Pujolle, and Stefano Secci. 2019. A vademecum on blockchain technologies: When, which and how. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 21, 4 (2019), 3796--3838.

Digital Library

[69]

Yunlong Lu, Xiaohong Huang, Yueyue Dai, Sabita Maharjan, and Yan Zhang. 2019. Blockchain and federated learning for privacy-preserved data sharing in industrial IoT. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inform. 16, 6 (2019), 4177--4186.

[70]

Chi Harold Liu, Qiuxia Lin, and Shilin Wen. 2018. Blockchain-enabled data collection and sharing for industrial IoT with deep reinforcement learning. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inform. 15, 6 (2018), 3516--3526.

[71]

Wuhui Chen, Yufei Chen, Xu Chen, and Zibin Zheng. 2019. Toward secure data sharing for the IoV: A quality-driven incentive mechanism with On-chain and Off-chain guarantees. IEEE Internet Things J. 7, 3 (2019), 1625--1640.

[72]

Shangping Wang, Yinglong Zhang, and Yaling Zhang. 2018. A blockchain-based framework for data sharing with fine-grained access control in decentralized storage systems. IEEE Access 6 (2018), 38437--38450.

[73]

Masayuki Fukumitsu, Shingo Hasegawa, Junya Iwazaki, Masao Sakai, and Daiki Takahashi. 2017. A proposal of a secure P2P-type storage scheme by using the secret sharing and the blockchain. In Proceedings of the IEEE 31st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA’17). IEEE, 803--810.

[74]

Dagang Li, Rong Du, Yue Fu, and Man Ho Au. 2019. Meta-key: A secure data-sharing protocol under blockchain-based decentralized storage architecture. IEEE Netw. Lett. 1, 1 (Mar. 2019), 30--33.

[75]

Ravi Kiran Raman and Lav R. Varshney. 2018. Distributed storage meets secret sharing on the blockchain. In Proceedings of the Information Theory and Applications Workshop (ITA’18). IEEE, 1--6.

[76]

Xiaochen Zheng, Raghava Rao Mukkamala, Ravi Vatrapu, and Joaqun Ordieres-Mere. 2018. Blockchain-based personal health data sharing system using cloud storage. In Proceedings of the IEEE 20th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom’18). IEEE, 1--6.

[77]

Hao Jin, Yan Luo, Peilong Li, and Jomol Mathew. 2019. A review of secure and privacy-preserving medical data sharing. IEEE Access 7 (2019), 61656--61669.

[78]

Shan Jiang, Jiannong Cao, Hanqing Wu, Yanni Yang, Mingyu Ma, and Jianfei He. 2018. BlocHIE: A blockchain-based platform for healthcare information exchange. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP’18). IEEE, 49--56.

[79]

QI Xia, Emmanuel Boateng Sifah, Kwame Omono Asamoah, Jianbin Gao, Xiaojiang Du, and Mohsen Guizani. 2017. MeDShare: Trust-less medical data sharing among cloud service providers via blockchain. IEEE Access 5 (2017), 14757--14767.

[80]

Guy Zyskind, Oz Nathan, et al. 2015. Decentralizing privacy: Using blockchain to protect personal data. In the IEEE Security and Privacy Workshops. IEEE, 180--184.

[81]

Faiza Loukil, Chirine Ghedira-Guegan, Khouloud Boukadi, and Aïcha Nabila Benharkat. 2018. Towards an end-to-end IoT data privacy-preserving framework using blockchain technology. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering. Springer, 68--78.

Digital Library

[82]

Nesrine Kaaniche and Maryline Laurent. 2017. A blockchain-based data usage auditing architecture with enhanced privacy and availability. In Proceedings of the IEEE 16th International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA’17). IEEE, 1--5.

[83]

Yun Chen, Hui Xie, Kun Lv, Shengjun Wei, and Changzhen Hu. 2019. DEPLEST: A blockchain-based privacy-preserving distributed database toward user behaviors in social networks. Inf. Sci. 501 (2019), 100--117.

Digital Library

[84]

Alka Vishwa and Farookh Khadeer Hussain. 2018. A blockchain based approach for multimedia privacy protection and provenance. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI’18). IEEE, 1941--1945.

[85]

Shan Jiang, Jiannong Cao, Julie A. McCann, Yanni Yang, Yang Liu, Xiaoqing Wang, and Yuming Deng. 2019. Privacy-preserving and efficient multi-keyword search over encrypted data on blockchain. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain’19). IEEE, 405--410.

[86]

Abdullah Al Omar, Md Zakirul Alam Bhuiyan, Anirban Basu, Shinsaku Kiyomoto, and Mohammad Shahriar Rahman. 2019. Privacy-friendly platform for healthcare data in cloud based on blockchain environment. Fut. Gen. Comput. Syst. 95 (2019), 511--521.

Digital Library

[87]

Gaby G. Dagher, Jordan Mohler, Matea Milojkovic, and Praneeth Babu Marella. 2018. Ancile: Privacy-preserving framework for access control and interoperability of electronic health records using blockchain technology. Sustain. Cities Soc. 39 (2018), 283--297.

[88]

Gábor Magyar. 2017. Blockchain: Solving the privacy and research availability tradeoff for EHR data: A new disruptive technology in health data management. In Proceedings of the IEEE 30th Neumann Colloquium (NC’17). IEEE, 000135--000140.

[89]

Richard Nuetey Nortey, Li Yue, Promise Ricardo Agdedanu, and Michael Adjeisah. 2019. Privacy module for distributed Electronic Health Records (EHRs) using the blockchain. In Proceedings of the IEEE 4th International Conference on Big Data Analytics (ICBDA’19). IEEE, 369--374.

[90]

Shawn Wilkinson, Tome Boshevski, Josh Brandoff, and Vitalik Buterin. 2014. Storj—A peer-to-peer cloud storage network. https://storj.io/storj.pdf.

[91]

Hoang Giang Do and Wee Keong Ng. 2017. Blockchain-based system for secure data storage with private keyword search. In Proceedings of the IEEE World Congress on Services (SERVICES’17). IEEE, 90--93.

[92]

Sushmita Ruj, Mohammad Shahriar Rahman, Anirban Basu, and Shinsaku Kiyomoto. 2018. BlockStore: A secure decentralized storage framework on blockchain. In Proceedings of the IEEE 32nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA’18). IEEE, 1096--1103.

[93]

Jiaxing Li, Jigang Wu, and Long Chen. 2018. Block-secure: Blockchain based scheme for secure P2P cloud storage. Inf. Sci. 465 (2018), 219--231.

Digital Library

[94]

Bo Zhao, Peiru Fan, and Mingtao Ni. 2018. Mchain: A blockchain-based VM measurements secure storage approach in IaaS cloud with enhanced integrity and controllability. IEEE Access 6 (2018), 43758--43769.

[95]

Huirui Han, Mengxing Huang, Yu Zhang, and Uzair Aslam Bhatti. 2018. An architecture of secure health information storage system based on blockchain technology. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Cloud Computing and Security. Springer, 578--588.

[96]

Jingqiang Liu, Bin Li, Lizhang Chen, Meng Hou, Feiran Xiang, and Peijun Wang. 2018. A data storage method based on blockchain for decentralization DNS. In Proceedings of the IEEE 3rd International Conference on Data Science in Cyberspace (DSC’18). IEEE, 189--196.

[97]

Manish Kumar, Ashish Kumar Singh, and TV Suresh Kumar. 2018. Secure log storage using blockchain and cloud infrastructure. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT’18). IEEE, 1--4.

[98]

Ke Huang, Xiaosong Zhang, Yi Mu, Fatemeh Rezaeibagha, Xiaojiang Du, and Nadra Guizani. 2019. Achieving intelligent trust-layer for IoT via self-redactable blockchain. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inform. 16, 4 (2019), 2677--2686.

[99]

Zhaofeng Ma, Xiaochang Wang, Jain Deepak Kumar, Khan Hanees, Zhen Wang, and Hongmin Gao. 2019. A blockchain-based trusted data management scheme in edge computing. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inform. 16, 3 (2019), 2013--2021.

[100]

Yongping Zhang, Xiwei Xu, Ang Liu, Qinghua Lu, Lida Xu, and Fei Tao. 2019. Blockchain-based trust mechanism for IoT-based smart manufacturing system. IEEE Trans. Comput. Soc. Syst. 6, 6 (2019), 1386--1394.

[101]

Zhe Yang, Kan Yang, Lei Lei, Kan Zheng, and Victor C. M. Leung. 2018. Blockchain-based decentralized trust management in vehicular networks. IEEE Internet Things J. 6, 2 (2018), 1495--1505.

[102]

Zhaojun Lu, Wenchao Liu, Qian Wang, Gang Qu, and Zhenglin Liu. 2018. A privacy-preserving trust model based on blockchain for VANETs. IEEE Access 6 (Aug. 2018), 45655--45664.

[103]

Yao-Tsung Yang, Li-Der Chou, Chia-Wei Tseng, Fan-Hsun Tseng, and Chien-Chang Liu. 2019. Blockchain-based traffic event validation and trust verification for VANETs. IEEE Access 7 (2019), 30868--30877.

[104]

Uchi Ugobame Uchibeke, Kevin A. Schneider, Sara Hosseinzadeh Kassani, and Ralph Deters. 2018. Blockchain access control ecosystem for big data security. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData). IEEE, 1373--1378.

[105]

Shangping Wang, Xu Wang, and Yaling Zhang. 2019. A secure cloud storage framework with access control based on blockchain. IEEE Access 7 (2019), 112713--112725.

[106]

Xiaobin Tan, Chaoming Huang, and Liguo Ji. 2018. Access control scheme based on combination of blockchain and XOR-Coding for ICN. In Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Conference on Cyber Security and Cloud Computing (CSCloud)/4th IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing and Scalable Cloud (EdgeCom). IEEE, 160--165.

[107]

Sheng Ding, Jin Cao, Chen Li, Kai Fan, and Hui Li. 2019. A novel attribute-based access control scheme using blockchain for IoT. IEEE Access 7 (2019), 38431--38441.

[108]

Sophie Dramé-Maigné, Maryline Laurent, and Laurent Castillo. 2019. Distributed access control solution for the IoT based on multi-endorsed attributes and smart contracts. In Proceedings of the 15th International Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC’19). IEEE, 1582--1587.

[109]

Mingxin Ma, Guozhen Shi, and Fenghua Li. 2019. Privacy-oriented blockchain-based distributed key management architecture for hierarchical access control in the IoT scenario. IEEE Access 7 (2019), 34045--34059.

[110]

Jordi Paillisse, Jordi Subira, Albert Lopez-Bresco, Alberto Rodríguez-Natal, Vina Ermagan, Fabio Maino, and Albert Cabellos. 2019. Distributed access control with blockchain. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC’19). 1--6.

[111]

Weizhi Meng, Elmar Wolfgang Tischhauser, Qingju Wang, Yu Wang, and Jinguang Han. 2018. When intrusion detection meets blockchain technology: A review. IEEE Access 6 (2018), 10179--10188.

[112]

Raja Majid Ali Ujjan, Zeeshan Pervez, and Keshav Dahal. 2019. Snort based collaborative intrusion detection system using blockchain in SDN. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Software, Knowledge, Information Management and Applications (SKIMA’19). IEEE, 1--8.

[113]

Osama Alkadi, Nour Moustafa, Benjamin Turnbull, and Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo. 2020. A deep blockchain framework-enabled collaborative intrusion detection for protecting IoT and cloud networks. IEEE Internet Things J. (2020).

[114]

Muhammad Saad, Afsah Anwar, Ashar Ahmad, Hisham Alasmary, Murat Yuksel, and Aziz Mohaisen. 2019. RouteChain: Towards blockchain-based secure and efficient BGP routing. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC’19). IEEE, 210--218.

[115]

Min Li, Helen Tang, and Xianbin Wang. 2019. Mitigating routing misbehavior using blockchain-based distributed reputation management system for IoT networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops’19). IEEE, 1--6.

[116]

Gholamreza Ramezan and Cyril Leung. 2018. A blockchain-based contractual routing protocol for the Internet of Things using smart contracts. Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput. 14 (2018), 1--14.

Digital Library

[117]

Jidian Yang, Shiwen He, Yang Xu, Linweiya Chen, and Ju Ren. 2019. A trusted routing scheme using blockchain and reinforcement learning for wireless sensor networks. Sensors 19, 4 (2019), 970.

[118]

Donghui Ding, Tiantian Duan, Linpeng Jia, Kang Li, Zhongcheng Li, and Yi Sun. 2018. InterChain: A framework to support blockchain interoperability. Second Asia-Pacific Work. Netw. (2018). https://conferences.sigcomm.org/events/apnet2018/posters/6.pdf.

[119]

Zhi-dong Chen, Y. U. Zhuo, Zhang-bo Duan, and H. U. Kai. 2017. Inter-blockchain communication. DEStech Trans. Comput. Sci. Eng. (2017).

[120]

ZhongAn Tech.2017. Anlink blockchain network whitepaper. (2017). https://alicliimg.clewm.net/049/389/1389049/1484820492640c2baf37ea3e4f9fd77bd52c2a1e9bbbe1484820484.pdf.

[121]

Oğuzhan Ersoy, Zhijie Ren, Zekeriya Erkin, and Reginald L. Lagendijk. 2018. Transaction propagation on permissionless blockchains: Incentive and routing mechanisms. In Proceedings of the Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT’18). IEEE, 20--30.

[122]

Danda B. Rawat. 2019. Fusion of software defined networking, edge computing, and blockchain technology for wireless network virtualization. IEEE Commun. Mag. 57, 10 (2019), 50--55.

[123]

Mayra Samaniego and Ralph Deters. 2017. Virtual resources & blockchain for configuration management in IoT. J. Ubiq. Syst. Pervas. Netw. 9, 2 (2017), 01--13.

[124]

He Zhu, Changcheng Huang, and Jiayu Zhou. 2018. Edgechain: Blockchain-based multi-vendor mobile edge application placement. In Proceedings of the 4th IEEE Conference on Network Softwarization and Workshops (NetSoft’18). IEEE, 222--226.

[125]

Jere Backman, Seppo Yrjölä, Kristiina Valtanen, and Olli Mämmelä. 2017. Blockchain network slice broker in 5G: Slice leasing in factory of the future use case. In Proceedings of the 2017 Internet of Things Business Models, Users, and Networks. IEEE, 1--8.

[126]

Ming Li and G. Q. Huang. 2019. Blockchain-enabled workflow management system for fine-grained resource sharing in E-commerce logistics. In Proceedings of the IEEE 15th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE’19). IEEE, 751--755.

[127]

Lijing Zhou, Licheng Wang, Yiru Sun, and Pin Lv. 2018. Beekeeper: A blockchain-based IoT system with secure storage and homomorphic computation. IEEE Access 6 (2018), 43472--43488.

[128]

Fengrui Shi, Zhijin Qin, Di Wu, and Julie McCann. 2018. MPCSToken: Smart contract enabled fault-tolerant incentivisation for mobile P2P crowd services. In Proceedings of the IEEE 38th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS’18). IEEE, 961--971.

[129]

Gokhan Sagirlar, Barbara Carminati, and Elena Ferrari. 2018. AutoBotCatcher: Blockchain-based P2P botnet detection for the Internet of Things. In Proceedings of the IEEE 4th International Conference on Collaboration and Internet Computing (CIC’18). IEEE, 1--8.

[130]

Michael Mylrea and Sri Nikhil Gupta Gourisetti. 2017. Blockchain for smart grid resilience: Exchanging distributed energy at speed, scale and security. In Proceedings of the Resilience Week (RWS’17). IEEE, 18--23.

[131]

Xueping Liang, Juan Zhao, Sachin Shetty, and Danyi Li. 2017. Towards data assurance and resilience in IoT using blockchain. In Proceedings of the IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM’17). IEEE, 261--266.

Digital Library

[132]

Christian Cachin. 2016. Architecture of the hyperledger blockchain fabric. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Distributed Cryptocurrencies and Consensus Ledgers, Vol. 310. 4.

[133]

Ittay Eyal and Emin Gün Sirer. 2018. Majority is not enough: Bitcoin mining is vulnerable. Commun. ACM 61, 7 (2018), 95--102.

Digital Library

[134]

Christopher Natoli and Vincent Gramoli. 2016. The balance attack against proof-of-work blockchains: The R3 testbed as an example. arXiv preprint arXiv:1612.09426 (2016).

[135]

Maria Apostolaki, Aviv Zohar, and Laurent Vanbever. 2017. Hijacking bitcoin: Routing attacks on cryptocurrencies. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP’17). IEEE, 375--392.

[136]

Atul Singh et al. 2006. Eclipse attacks on overlay networks: Threats and defenses. In Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM. Citeseer.

[137]

Divesh Aggarwal, Gavin K. Brennen, Troy Lee, Miklos Santha, and Marco Tomamichel. 2017. Quantum attacks on bitcoin, and how to protect against them. arXiv:1710.10377 (2017).

[138]

Yue Li, Junqin Huang, Shengzhi Qin, and Ruijin Wang. 2017. Big data model of security sharing based on blockchain. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Big Data Computing and Communications (BIGCOM’17). IEEE, 117--121.

[139]

Hamza Es-Samaali, Aissam Outchakoucht, and Jean Philippe Leroy. 2017. A blockchain-based access control for big data. Int. J. Comput. Netw. Commun. Sec. 5, 7 (2017), 137.

[140]

Vitalik Buterin. 2017. On sharding blockchains. Retrieved from https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Sharding-FAQ.

[141]

J. D. Bruce. 2014. The mini-blockchain scheme. White Paper (2014). https://www.weusecoins.com/assets/pdf/library/The%20Mini-Blockchain%20Scheme.pdf.

[142]

Doriane Perard, Jerome Lacan, Yann Bachy, and Jonathan Detchart. 2018. Erasure code-based low storage blockchain node. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData).

[143]

Ali Dorri, Salil S. Kanhere, and Raja Jurdak. 2017. Towards an optimized blockchain for IoT. In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE/ACM Conference on Internet of Things Design and Implementation (IoTDI’17).

Digital Library

[144]

V. Buterin and J. Poon. 2017. Plasma: Scalable autonomous smart contracts. White Paper (2017), 1--47. https://www.plasma.io/plasma-deprecated.pdf.

[145]

Taras Maksymyuk, Juraj Gazda, Longzhe Han, and Minho Jo. 2019. Blockchain-based intelligent network management for 5G and beyond. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Advanced Information and Communications Technologies (AICT’19). 36--39.

[146]

Sanjay Panikkar, Sumabala Nair, Paul Brody, and Veena Pureswaran. 2015. Adept: An IoT practitioner perspective. Draft Copy for Advance Review, IBM (2015). https://cryptonomics.show/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/IBM-ADEPT-Practictioner-Perspective-Pre-Publication-Draft-7-Jan-2015.pdf.

[147]

Usman W. Chohan. 2017. The decentralized autonomous organization and governance issues. Regulation Financial Inst. eJournal Social Sci. Res. Netw. (2017) Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3082055.

[148]

Muhammad Salek Ali, Koustabh Dolui, and Fabio Antonelli. 2017. IoT data privacy via blockchains and IPFS. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on the Internet of Things. ACM, 14.

Digital Library

[149]

Chenhan Xu, Kun Wang, and Mingyi Guo. 2017. Intelligent resource management in blockchain-based cloud datacenters. IEEE Cloud Comput. 4, 6 (2017), 50--59.

[150]

Marshall Ball, Alon Rosen, Manuel Sabin, and Prashant Nalini Vasudevan. 2017. Proofs of useful work. IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive 2017 (2017), 203. https://eprint.iacr.org/2017/203.pdf.

[151]

Fan Zhang, Ittay Eyal, Robert Escriva, Ari Juels, and Robbert Van Renesse. 2017. {REM}: Resource-efficient mining for blockchains. In Proceedings of the 26th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security’17). 1427--1444.

[152]

Sunoo Park, Krzysztof Pietrzak, Joël Alwen, Georg Fuchsbauer, and Peter Gazi. 2015. Spacecoin: A cryptocurrency based on proofs of space. In IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive. https://www.allcryptowhitepapers.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Spacecoin.pdf.

[153]

Xiaolong Xu, Xuyun Zhang, Honghao Gao, Yuan Xue, Lianyong Qi, and Wanchun Dou. 2019. Become: Blockchain-enabled computation offloading for IoT in mobile edge computing. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inform. 16, 6 (2019), 4187--4195.

[154]

Nguyen Cong Luong, Zehui Xiong, Ping Wang, and Dusit Niyato. 2018. Optimal auction for edge computing resource management in mobile blockchain networks: A deep learning approach. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC’18). IEEE, 1--6.

[155]

Claudio Lima. 2018. Developing open and interoperable DLT\/Blockchain standards [Standards]. Computer 51, 11 (2018), 106--111.

Digital Library

Cited By

Keizer NAscigil OKról MKutscher DPavlou G(2024)A Survey on Content Retrieval on the Decentralised WebACM Computing Surveys10.1145/364913256:8(1-39)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3649132
Wang FLv YZhu MDing HHan J(2024)XRF55Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/36435438:1(1-34)Online publication date: 6-Mar-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3643543
Xu JWang CJia X(2023)A Survey of Blockchain Consensus ProtocolsACM Computing Surveys10.1145/357984555:13s(1-35)Online publication date: 13-Jul-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3579845
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Blockchain-empowered Data-driven Networks: A Survey and Outlook
1. General and reference
  1. Document types
    1. Surveys and overviews

Recommendations

A survey on blockchain for big data: Approaches, opportunities, and future directions
Abstract
Big data has generated strong interest in various scientific and engineering domains over the last few years. Despite many advantages and applications, there are many challenges in big data to be tackled for better quality of service, ...
Highlights
- An overview of the application of blockchain for big data analytics is presented.
Read More
A Decade of Blockchain: Review of the Current Status, Challenges, and Future Directions

In this paper, we present the progress of blockchain technology from the advent of the original publication titled “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System,” written by the mysterious Satoshi Nakamoto, until the current days. Historical background ...
Read More
Exploring Blockchain-driven security in SDN-based IoT networks
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging field of technology with a huge scope of its applicability in various industries and a wide range of societal needs, including medical sciences. However, IoT suffers from many limitations like energy, ...
Highlights
- Comprehensive discussions of Internet of Things (IoT), Software-Defined Networking (SDN), and Blockchain.
- Analysing the existing frameworks and architectures proposed by various researchers.
- Highlight the key security issues that ...
Read More

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Computing Surveys

ACM Computing Surveys Volume 54, Issue 3

April 2022

836 pages

ISSN:0360-0300

EISSN:1557-7341

DOI:10.1145/3461619

Editor:
Albert Zomaya
University of Sydney, Australia

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2021 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 17 April 2021

Accepted: 01 December 2020

Revised: 01 November 2020

Received: 01 February 2020

Published in CSUR Volume 54, Issue 3

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article
Research
Refereed

Funding Sources

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Natural Science Foundation of China
Guangdong Pearl River Talent Recruitment Program

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

12
Total Citations
View Citations
4,934
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)1,271
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)134

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Keizer NAscigil OKról MKutscher DPavlou G(2024)A Survey on Content Retrieval on the Decentralised WebACM Computing Surveys10.1145/364913256:8(1-39)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3649132
Wang FLv YZhu MDing HHan J(2024)XRF55Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies10.1145/36435438:1(1-34)Online publication date: 6-Mar-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3643543
Xu JWang CJia X(2023)A Survey of Blockchain Consensus ProtocolsACM Computing Surveys10.1145/357984555:13s(1-35)Online publication date: 13-Jul-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3579845
Zhu JCao JSaxena DJiang SFerradi H(2023)Blockchain-empowered Federated Learning: Challenges, Solutions, and Future DirectionsACM Computing Surveys10.1145/357095355:11(1-31)Online publication date: 22-Feb-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3570953
Gandhi SKiwelekar ANetak LShahare S(2023)A blockchain-based data-driven trustworthy approval process systemInternational Journal of Information Management Data Insights10.1016/j.jjimei.2023.1001623:1(100162)Online publication date: Apr-2023
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2023.100162
Buchner T(2022)A SDN-operated MEC node for network cybersecurity assurance2022 International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM)10.23919/ONDM54585.2022.9782852(1-3)Online publication date: 16-May-2022
https://doi.org/10.23919/ONDM54585.2022.9782852
Koohang ASargent CNord JPaliszkiewicz J(2022)Internet of Things (IoT)International Journal of Information Management: The Journal for Information Professionals10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.10244262:COnline publication date: 1-Feb-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102442
Kaur JDabas D(2022)Literature Review of Smart Contracts Using Blockchain TechnologyNew Approaches for Multidimensional Signal Processing10.1007/978-981-19-7842-5_16(171-187)Online publication date: 3-Dec-2022
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7842-5_16
Zalte SGhorpade VKamat R(2022) Synergizing Blockchain, IoT, and AI with VANET for Intelligent Transport Solutions Emerging Computing Paradigms10.1002/9781119813439.ch11(193-210)Online publication date: 11-Aug-2022
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119813439.ch11
Yang XPang MYan FYin YNiu QGao S(2021)Co-senseProceedings of the 27th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking10.1145/3447993.3482859(822-824)Online publication date: 25-Oct-2021
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3447993.3482859
Show More Cited By

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

HTML Format

View this article in HTML Format.

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Article

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents