Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
10.1145/3465480.3466924acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesdebsConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

An event driven framework for smart contract execution

Published: 28 June 2021 Publication History

Abstract

Blockchain-based smart contract platforms have traditionally employed the transaction-driven execution model. This paper presents an alternate framework for blockchain-based smart contract execution called EDSC. Our platform design presents a novel approach to tackle the scalability and performance challenges facing the smart contract ecosystem. We base EDSC's design on the Ethereum template, and it can be readily implemented for other existing smart contract platforms. To evaluate our design, we perform an experimental implementation using the Ethereum client. Our experiments with performance modeling show, on average, a 2.2 to 4.6 times reduced total latency of event-triggered smart contracts, demonstrating the effectiveness of the design in supporting time-sensitive applications. Additionally, we comment on the design's potential security aspects and demonstrate its utility by discussing potential use cases.

References

[1]
Mustafa Al-Bassam, Alberto Sonnino, Shehar Bano, Dave Hrycyszyn, and George Danezis. 2017. Chainspace: A sharded smart contracts platform. arXiv preprint arXiv:1708.03778 (2017).
[2]
Hamda Al-Breiki, Muhammad Habib Ur Rehman, Khaled Salah, and Davor Svetinovic. 2020. Trustworthy Blockchain Oracles: Review, Comparison, and Open Research Challenges. IEEE Access 8 (2020), 85675--85685.
[3]
A. Aldweesh, M. Alharby, E. Solaiman, and A. van Moorsel. 2018. Performance Benchmarking of Smart Contracts to Assess Miner Incentives in Ethereum. In 2018 14th European Dependable Computing Conference (EDCC). 144--149.
[4]
Maher Alharby and Aad van Moorsel. 2020. BlockSim: An Extensible Simulation Tool for Blockchain Systems. Frontiers in Blockchain 3 (Jun 2020).
[5]
Elli Androulaki, Artem Barger, Vita Bortnikov, Christian Cachin, Konstantinos Christidis, Angelo De Caro, David Enyeart, Christopher Ferris, Gennady Laventman, Yacov Manevich, et al. 2018. Hyperledger fabric: a distributed operating system for permissioned blockchains. In Proceedings of the thirteenth EuroSys conference. 1--15.
[6]
Kirk Baird, Seongho Jeong, Yeonsoo Kim, Bernd Burgstaller, and Bernhard Scholz. 2019. The Economics of Smart Contracts. arXiv preprint arXiv:1910.11143 (2019). arXiv:cs.DC/1910.11143
[7]
Emile Baizel. 2020. Building an event-based application with Amazon Managed Blockchain. https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/database/building-an-event-based-application-with-amazon-managed-blockchain/.
[8]
Vitalik Buterin et al. 2014. Ethereum: A next-generation smart contract and decentralized application platform. URL https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/%5BEnglish%5D-White-Paper 7 (2014).
[9]
Christian Cachin et al. 2016. Architecture of the hyperledger blockchain fabric. In Workshop on distributed cryptocurrencies and consensus ledgers, Vol. 310.
[10]
Huashan Chen, Marcus Pendleton, Laurent Njilla, and Shouhuai Xu. 2020. A Survey on Ethereum Systems Security: Vulnerabilities, Attacks, and Defenses. Comput. Surveys 53, 3 (2020), 1--43.
[11]
Philip Daian, Steven Goldfeder, Tyler Kell, Yunqi Li, Xueyuan Zhao, Iddo Bentov, Lorenz Breidenbach, and Ari Juels. 2019. Flash Boys 2.0: Frontrunning, Transaction Reordering, and Consensus Instability in Decentralized Exchanges. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.05234 (2019). arXiv:cs.CR/1904.05234
[12]
Steve Ellis, Ari Juels, and Sergey Nazarov. 2017. ChainLink: A Decentralized Oracle Network. https://link.smartcontract.com/whitepaper.
[13]
EOS.IO. 2018. EOS.IO technical white paper v2. https://github.com/eosio/documentation/blob/master/TechnicalWhitePaper.md.
[14]
Patrick Th Eugster, Pascal A Felber, Rachid Guerraoui, and Anne-Marie Kermarrec. 2003. The many faces of publish/subscribe. ACM computing surveys 35, 2 (2003), 114--131.
[15]
Annika Hinze, Kai Sachs, and Alejandro Buchmann. 2009. Event-based applications and enabling technologies. In Proceedings of the Third ACM International Conference on Distributed Event-Based Systems. 1--15.
[16]
Richard Hull. 2017. Blockchain: distributed event-based processing in a data-centric world. In Proceedings of the 11th ACM International Conference on Distributed and Event-based Systems. 2--4.
[17]
Thomas Jennings. 2020. Listen to events from a distributed blockchain network. https://developer.ibm.com/technologies/java/tutorials/listen-to-events-from-a-distributed-blockchain-network/.
[18]
Mudabbir Kaleem and Weidong Shi. 2021. Demystifying Pythia: A Survey of ChainLink Oracles Usage on Ethereum. arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.06781 (2021).
[19]
Jerome Kehrli. 2016. Blockchain 2.0-from bitcoin transactions to smart contract applications. Niceideas, November. Available at: https://www.niceideas.ch/roller2/badtrash/entry/blockchain-2-0-frombitcoin (2016).
[20]
Aggelos Kiayias, Alexander Russell, Bernardo David, and Roman Oliynykov. 2017. Ouroboros: A provably secure proof-of-stake blockchain protocol. In Annual International Cryptology Conference. Springer, 357--388.
[21]
S Demian Lerner. 2019. Rootstock: Bitcoin powered smart contracts v11. https://www.rsk.co/Whitepapers/RSK-White-Paper-Updated.pdf.
[22]
Chao Li and B. Palanisamy. 2018. Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Timed Execution in Blockchain-Based Smart Contract Platforms. 2018 IEEE 25th International Conference on High Performance Computing (HiPC) (2018), 265--274.
[23]
Chaofeng Li and B. Palanisamy. 2020. EventWarden: A Decentralized Event-driven Proxy Service for Outsourcing Arbitrary Transactions in Ethereum-like Blockchains. ArXiv abs/2004.12793 (2020).
[24]
Bowen Liu and Pawel Szalachowski. 2020. A First Look into DeFi Oracles. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.04377 (2020).
[25]
Bowen Liu, Pawel Szalachowski, and Jianying Zhou. 2020. A First Look into DeFi Oracles. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.04377 (2020). arXiv:cs.CR/2005.04377
[26]
Loi Luu, Duc-Hiep Chu, Hrishi Olickel, Prateek Saxena, and Aquinas Hobor. 2016. Making smart contracts smarter. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC conference on computer and communications security. 254--269.
[27]
David Mazieres. 2015. The stellar consensus protocol: A federated model for internet-level consensus. Stellar Development Foundation 32 (2015).
[28]
Rachel McIntosh. 2020. Ethereum Struggles under the Weight of DeFi Growth: Is ETH Doomed to Fail? Finance Magnates, https://www.financemagnates.com/cryptocurrency/news/ethereum-struggles-under-the-weight-of-defi-growth-is-eth-doomed-to-fail.
[29]
Piper Merriam. 2015. Ethereum alarm clock. Online document. URL http://docs.ethereum-alarm-clock.com/en/latest (2015).
[30]
Satoshi Nakamoto. 2008. Bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system. https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf.
[31]
Helge Parzyjegla. 2012. Engineering Publish/Subscribe Systems and Event-Driven Applications. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Rostock, Germany.
[32]
Jack Peterson, Joseph Krug, Micah Zoltu, Austin K. Williams, and Stephanie Alexander. 2019. Augur: a Decentralized Oracle and Prediction Market Platform.
[33]
Provable. [n. d.]. https://provable.xyz. Accessed on Sep. 10, 2020.
[34]
Mark Richards. 2015. Software Architecture Patterns. O'Reilly Media, Inc.
[35]
Nick Szabo. 1997. Formalizing and securing relationships on public networks. First Monday 2, 9 (1997).
[36]
The Zilliqa Team. 2017. The zilliqa technical whitepaper. https://docs.zilliqa.com/whitepaper.pdf.
[37]
Mahdi Zamani, Mahnush Movahedi, and Mariana Raykova. 2018. Rapidchain: Scaling blockchain via full sharding. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. 931--948.
[38]
Fan Zhang, Ethan Cecchetti, Kyle Croman, Ari Juels, and Elaine Shi. 2016. Town Crier: An Authenticated Data Feed for Smart Contracts. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2016/168. https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/168.
[39]
Fan Zhang, Sai Krishna Deepak Maram, Harjasleen Malvai, Steven Goldfeder, and Ari Juels. 2019. DECO: Liberating Web Data Using Decentralized Oracles for TLS. arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.00938 (2019).

Cited By

View all
  • (2023)A Decentralized Quality Management Scheme for Content Moderation2023 International Conference on Networking and Network Applications (NaNA)10.1109/NaNA60121.2023.00043(215-220)Online publication date: Aug-2023
  • (2022)Event-Processing Model for Smart Contracts with Oracle and EEG2022 International Conference on Machine Learning, Cloud Computing and Intelligent Mining (MLCCIM)10.1109/MLCCIM55934.2022.00078(425-430)Online publication date: Aug-2022

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
DEBS '21: Proceedings of the 15th ACM International Conference on Distributed and Event-based Systems
June 2021
207 pages
ISBN:9781450385558
DOI:10.1145/3465480
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 28 June 2021

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. blockchain
  2. event-driven architecture
  3. scalability
  4. smart contracts

Qualifiers

  • Research-article

Funding Sources

  • National Science Foundation

Conference

DEBS '21

Acceptance Rates

DEBS '21 Paper Acceptance Rate 7 of 26 submissions, 27%;
Overall Acceptance Rate 145 of 583 submissions, 25%

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)29
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 12 Nov 2024

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2023)A Decentralized Quality Management Scheme for Content Moderation2023 International Conference on Networking and Network Applications (NaNA)10.1109/NaNA60121.2023.00043(215-220)Online publication date: Aug-2023
  • (2022)Event-Processing Model for Smart Contracts with Oracle and EEG2022 International Conference on Machine Learning, Cloud Computing and Intelligent Mining (MLCCIM)10.1109/MLCCIM55934.2022.00078(425-430)Online publication date: Aug-2022

View Options

Get Access

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media