research-article

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How Does Predictive Information Affect Human Ethical Preferences?

Authors:

Saumik Narayanan,

Ming YinAuthors Info & Claims

AIES '22: Proceedings of the 2022 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society

Pages 508 - 517

https://doi.org/10.1145/3514094.3534165

Published: 27 July 2022 Publication History

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly involved in decision making in high-stakes domains, including loan applications, employment screening, and assistive clinical decision making. Meanwhile, involving AI in these high-stake decisions has created ethical concerns on how to balance different trade-offs to respect human values. One approach for aligning AIs with human values is to elicit human ethical preferences and incorporate this information in the design of computer systems. In this work, we explore how human ethical preferences are impacted by the information shown to humans during elicitation. In particular, we aim to provide a contrast between verifiable information (e.g., patient demographics or blood test results) and predictive information (e.g., the probability of organ transplant success). Using kidney transplant allocation as a case study, we conduct a randomized experiment to elicit human ethical preferences on scarce resource allocation to understand how human ethical preferences are impacted by the verifiable and predictive information. We find that the presence of predictive information significantly changes how humans take into account other verifiable information in their ethical preferences. We also find that the source of the predictive information (e.g., whether the predictions are made by AI or human doctors) plays a key role in how humans incorporate the predictive information into their own ethical judgements.

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Cited By

Narayanan S(2023)Exploring the Effect of AI Assistance on Human Ethical DecisionsProceedings of the 2023 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society10.1145/3600211.3604750(939-940)Online publication date: 8-Aug-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3600211.3604750
Narayanan SYu GHo CYin M(2023)How does Value Similarity affect Human Reliance in AI-Assisted Ethical Decision Making?Proceedings of the 2023 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society10.1145/3600211.3604709(49-57)Online publication date: 8-Aug-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3600211.3604709

Index Terms

How Does Predictive Information Affect Human Ethical Preferences?
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Collaborative and social computing
    1. Collaborative and social computing theory, concepts and paradigms
      1. Computer supported cooperative work
  2. Human computer interaction (HCI)
    1. HCI design and evaluation methods
      1. User studies

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cover image ACM Conferences

AIES '22: Proceedings of the 2022 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society

July 2022

939 pages

ISBN:9781450392471

DOI:10.1145/3514094

General Chairs:
Vincent Conitzer
Duke University & University of Oxford
,
John Tasioulas
University of Oxford
,
Program Chairs:
Matthias Scheutz
Tufts University
,
Ryan Calo
University of Washington
,
Martina Mara
Johannes Kepler University Linz
,
Annette Zimmermann
University of York

Copyright © 2022 Owner/Author.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License.

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Published: 27 July 2022

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National Science Foundation / Amazon
National Science Foundation/ Amazon
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AIES '22

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AIES '22: AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society

May 19 - 21, 2021

Oxford, United Kingdom

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Overall Acceptance Rate 61 of 162 submissions, 38%

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Cited By

Narayanan S(2023)Exploring the Effect of AI Assistance on Human Ethical DecisionsProceedings of the 2023 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society10.1145/3600211.3604750(939-940)Online publication date: 8-Aug-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3600211.3604750
Narayanan SYu GHo CYin M(2023)How does Value Similarity affect Human Reliance in AI-Assisted Ethical Decision Making?Proceedings of the 2023 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society10.1145/3600211.3604709(49-57)Online publication date: 8-Aug-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3600211.3604709

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