research-article

Open access

Are we heading towards a BBR-dominant internet?

Authors:

Ben LeongAuthors Info & Claims

IMC '22: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Internet Measurement Conference

Pages 538 - 550

https://doi.org/10.1145/3517745.3561429

Published: 25 October 2022 Publication History

Abstract

Since its introduction in 2016, BBR has grown in popularity rapidly and likely already accounts for more than 40% of the Internet's downstream traffic. In this paper, we investigate the following question: given BBR's performance benefits and rapid adoption, is BBR likely to completely replace CUBIC just like how CUBIC replaced New Reno?

We present a mathematical model that allows us to estimate BBR's throughput to within a 5% error when competing with CUBIC flows. Using this model, we show that even though BBR currently has a throughput advantage over CUBIC, this advantage will be diminished as the proportion of BBR flows increases.

Therefore, if throughput is a key consideration, it is likely that the Internet will reach a stable mixed distribution of CUBIC and BBR flows. This mixed distribution will be a Nash Equilibrium where none of the flows will have the performance incentive to switch between CUBIC and BBR. Our methodology is also applicable to other recently proposed congestion control algorithms, like BBRv2 and PCC Vivace. We make a bold prediction that BBR is unlikely to completely replace the CUBIC on the Internet in the near future.

Supplementary Material

M4V File (113.m4v)

Presentation video

Download
60.76 MB

References

[1]

Aditya Akella, Srinivasan Seshan, Richard Karp, Scott Shenker, and Christos Papadimitriou. 2002. Selfish behavior and stability of the Internet: A game-theoretic analysis of TCP. ACM SIGCOMM CCR 32, 4 (2002).

Digital Library

[2]

Guido Appenzeller, Isaac Keslassy, and Nick McKeown. 2004. Sizing Router Buffers. In Proceedings of SIGCOMM.

Digital Library

[3]

Venkat Arun and Hari Balakrishnan. 2018. Copa: Practical Delay-Based Congestion Control for the Internet. In Proceedings of NSDI.

Digital Library

[4]

Neal Cardwell, Yuchung Cheng, C Stephen Gunn, Soheil Hassas Yeganeh, and Van Jacobson. 2017. BBR: congestion-based congestion control. Commun. ACM 60, 2 (2017), 58--66.

Digital Library

[5]

Neal Cardwell, Yuchung Cheng, C. Stephen Gunn, Soheil Hassas Yeganeh, Van Jacobson, and Amin Vahdat. 2017. TCP BBR congestion control comes to GCP - your Internet just got faster. https://tinyurl.com/yc7bd9jk

[6]

Neal Cardwell, Yuchung Cheng, Soheil Hassas Yeganeh, Ian Swett, Victor Vasiliev, Priyaranjan Jha, Yousuk Seung, Matt Mathis, and Van Jacobson. 2019. BBR v2 A Model-based Congestion Control. https://datatracker.ietf.org/meeting/104/materials/slides-104-iccrg-an-update-on-bbr-00

[7]

Erik Carlsson and Eirini Kakogianni. 2018. Smoother Streaming with BBR. https://tinyurl.com/yyt5tbhd

[8]

Steve Chien and Alistair Sinclair. 2007. Convergence to Approximate Nash Equilibria in Congestion Games. In Proceedings of SODA.

[9]

Dah-Ming Chiu and Raj Jain. 1989. Analysis of the increase and decrease algorithms for congestion avoidance in computer networks. Computer Networks and ISDN systems 17, 1 (1989), 1--14.

[10]

Mo Dong, Tong Meng, Doron Zarchy, Engin Arslan, Yossi Gilad, Brighten Godfrey, and Michael Schapira. 2018. PCC Vivace: Online-Learning Congestion Control. In Proceedings of NSDI.

[11]

Mihaela Enachescu, Yashar Ganjali, Ashish Goel, Nick McKeown, and Tim Rough-garden. 2006. Routers with Very Small Buffers. In Proceedings of INFOCOM.

[12]

Jim Gettys. 2011. Bufferbloat: Dark buffers in the internet. IEEE Internet Computing 15, 3 (2011), 96--96.

Digital Library

[13]

Sangtae Ha, Injong Rhee, and Lisong Xu. 2008. CUBIC: a new TCP-friendly high-speed TCP variant. ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review 42, 5 (2008), 64--74.

Digital Library

[14]

Mario Hock, Roland Bless, and Martina Zitterbart. 2017. Experimental Evaluation of BBR Congestion Control. In Proceedings of ICNP.

[15]

Mario Hock, Roland Bless, and Martina Zitterbart. 2017. Experimental Evaluation of BBR Congestion Control. In Proceedings of ICNP.

[16]

Alexey Ivanov. 2019. Evaluating BBRv2 on the Dropbox Edge Network. https://tinyurl.com/yyrs68pp

[17]

Van Jacobson. 1988. Congestion avoidance and control. SIGCOMM CCR 18, 4 (1988), 314--329.

Digital Library

[18]

Tomoki Kozu, Yuria Akiyama, and Saneyasu Yamaguchi. 2013. Improving RTT fairness on cubic TCP. In 2013 First International Symposium on Computing and Networking. IEEE, 162--167.

Digital Library

[19]

Nick McKeown, Guido Appenzeller, and Isaac Keslassy. 2019. Sizing Router Buffers (Redux). SIGCOMM CCR 49, 5 (2019), 69--74.

Digital Library

[20]

Ayush Mishra, Xiangpeng Sun, Atishya Jain, Sameer Pande, Raj Joshi, and Ben Leong. 2019. The Great Internet TCP Congestion Control Census. In Proceedings of SIGMETRICS.

Digital Library

[21]

Ayush Mishra, Jingzhi Zhang, Melodies Sims, Sean Ng, Raj Joshi, and Ben Leong. 2021. Conjecture: Existence of Nash Equilibria in Modern Internet Congestion Control. In Proceedings of APNet.

[22]

Jitendra Padhye and Sally Floyd. 2001. On Inferring TCP Behavior. In Proceedings of SIGCOMM.

[23]

Vern Paxson and Mark Allman. 2009. TCP Congestion Control. RFC 5681.

[24]

Canada Sandvine Inc. Waterloo, ON. 2018. The 2018 Global Internet Phenomena Report. https://www.sandvine.com/phenomena

[25]

D. Scholz, B. Jaeger, L. Schwaighofer, D. Raumer, F. Geyer, and G. Carle. 2018. Towards a Deeper Understanding of TCP BBR Congestion Control. In Proceedings of IFIP.

[26]

Satadal Sengupta, Hyojoon Kim, and Jennifer Rexford. 2022. Continuous in-network round-trip time monitoring. In Proceedings of SIGCOMM.

Digital Library

[27]

Bruce Spang, Serhat Arslan, and Nick McKeown. 2021. Updating the theory of buffer sizing. Performance Evaluation 151 (2021).

[28]

Tuan Anh Trinh and Sándor Molnár. 2004. A Game-Theoretic Analysis of TCP Vegas. In Quality of Service in the Emerging Networking Panorama.

[29]

Belma Turkovic, Fernando A. Kuipers, and Steve Uhlig. 2019. Fifty Shades of Congestion Control: A Performance and Interactions Evaluation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1903.03852 (2019).

[30]

Ranysha Ware, Matthew K. Mukerjee, Srinivasan Seshan, and Justine Sherry. 2019. Modeling BBR's Interactions with Loss-Based Congestion Control. In Proceedings of IMC.

Digital Library

[31]

Peng Yang, Juan Shao, Wen Luo, Lisong Xu, Jitendra Deogun, and Ying Lu. 2011. TCP Congestion Avoidance Algorithm Identification. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 22, 4 (2011), 1311--1324.

Digital Library

Cited By

Krähenbühl CTabaeiaghdaei SScherrer SFrei MPerrig A(2024)Toward Global Latency Transparency2024 IFIP Networking Conference (IFIP Networking)10.23919/IFIPNetworking62109.2024.10619858(536-542)Online publication date: 3-Jun-2024
https://doi.org/10.23919/IFIPNetworking62109.2024.10619858
Philip AAthapathu RWare RMkocheko FSchlomer AShou MMeng ZSeshan SSherry JSekar VYu MSeneviratne AVeitch D(2024)Prudentia: Findings of an Internet Fairness WatchdogProceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2024 Conference10.1145/3651890.3672229(506-520)Online publication date: 4-Aug-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3651890.3672229
Mishra ARastogi LJoshi RLeong BSekar VYu MSeneviratne AVeitch D(2024)Keeping an Eye on Congestion Control in the Wild with NebbyProceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2024 Conference10.1145/3651890.3672223(136-150)Online publication date: 4-Aug-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3651890.3672223
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Are we heading towards a BBR-dominant internet?
1. Networks
  1. Network performance evaluation
    1. Network performance modeling
  2. Network protocols
    1. Transport protocols

Recommendations

ModQUIC protocol performance verification with CUBIC and BBR congestion control mechanisms

ModQUIC protocol is developed to compete for TCP's dominance. In this work, ModQUIC protocol performance is evaluated using the BBR protocol and suggested a new decrease factor (β) for CUBIC protocol. Results show that ModQUIC with BBR outperforms ModQUIC ...
Design and implementation of TCP BBR in ns-3
WNS3 '18: Proceedings of the 2018 Workshop on ns-3

Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip propagation time (BBR) is a congestion based congestion control algorithm recently proposed by Google. Although it can be deployed with any transport protocol that supports data delivery acknowledgement, BBR is ...
BBR-With Enhanced Fairness (BBR-EFRA): A new enhanced RTT fairness for BBR congestion control algorithm
Abstract
Towards the end of 2016, the Google research team proposed and developed a new state-of-the-art TCP congestion control algorithm called Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip propagation time (BBR). When deployed on various Google ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

IMC '22: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM Internet Measurement Conference

October 2022

796 pages

ISBN:9781450392594

DOI:10.1145/3517745

General Chairs:
Chadi Barakat
Inria, Université Côte d'Azur
,
Cristel Pelsser
University of Strasbourg
,
Program Chairs:
Theophilus A. Benson
Brown University
,
David Choffnes
Northeastern University

Copyright © 2022 Owner/Author.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License.

Sponsors

In-Cooperation

USENIX Assoc: USENIX Assoc

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 25 October 2022

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Funding Sources

Singapore Ministry of Education

Conference

IMC '22

Sponsor:

IMC '22: ACM Internet Measurement Conference

October 25 - 27, 2022

Nice, France

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 277 of 1,083 submissions, 26%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

10
Total Citations
View Citations
1,002
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)365
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)34

Reflects downloads up to 25 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Krähenbühl CTabaeiaghdaei SScherrer SFrei MPerrig A(2024)Toward Global Latency Transparency2024 IFIP Networking Conference (IFIP Networking)10.23919/IFIPNetworking62109.2024.10619858(536-542)Online publication date: 3-Jun-2024
https://doi.org/10.23919/IFIPNetworking62109.2024.10619858
Philip AAthapathu RWare RMkocheko FSchlomer AShou MMeng ZSeshan SSherry JSekar VYu MSeneviratne AVeitch D(2024)Prudentia: Findings of an Internet Fairness WatchdogProceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2024 Conference10.1145/3651890.3672229(506-520)Online publication date: 4-Aug-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3651890.3672229
Mishra ARastogi LJoshi RLeong BSekar VYu MSeneviratne AVeitch D(2024)Keeping an Eye on Congestion Control in the Wild with NebbyProceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2024 Conference10.1145/3651890.3672223(136-150)Online publication date: 4-Aug-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3651890.3672223
Drucker RBaraskar GBalasubramanian AGandhi A(2024)BBR vs. BBRv2: A Performance Evaluation2024 16th International Conference on COMmunication Systems & NETworkS (COMSNETS)10.1109/COMSNETS59351.2024.10427175(379-387)Online publication date: 3-Jan-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/COMSNETS59351.2024.10427175
Yang STang YPan WWang HRong DZhang Z(2023)Optimization of BBR Congestion Control Algorithm Based on Pacing Gain ModelSensors10.3390/s2309443123:9(4431)Online publication date: 30-Apr-2023
https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094431
Runjeeth Nikam Kunal Babbar Gaurav (2023)Through the RTT Lens : A Comparative study of CUBIC and BBR Congestion ControlInternational Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology10.32628/CSEIT2390652(291-296)Online publication date: 1-Dec-2023
https://doi.org/10.32628/CSEIT2390652
Mishra ALeong BMontpetit MLeivadeas AUhlig SJaved M(2023)Containing the Cambrian Explosion in QUIC Congestion ControlProceedings of the 2023 ACM on Internet Measurement Conference10.1145/3618257.3624811(526-539)Online publication date: 24-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3618257.3624811
Aljoby WWang XDivakaran DFu TMa RHarras K(2023)DiffPerf: Toward Performance Differentiation and Optimization With SDN ImplementationIEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management10.1109/TNSM.2023.329796621:1(1012-1031)Online publication date: 21-Jul-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/TNSM.2023.3297966
Ishikura SYamamoto M(2023)BAR : BBR with Adjusting RTprop for Inter-Protocol Fairness with CUBIC TCP2023 IEEE 29th International Symposium on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (LANMAN)10.1109/LANMAN58293.2023.10189813(1-6)Online publication date: 10-Jul-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/LANMAN58293.2023.10189813
Srivastava AFund FPanwar S(2023)Some of the Internet may be Heading Towards BBR Dominance: An Experimental StudyIEEE INFOCOM 2023 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS)10.1109/INFOCOMWKSHPS57453.2023.10226014(1-7)Online publication date: 20-May-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/INFOCOMWKSHPS57453.2023.10226014

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

Figures

Tables

Media

View Table of Conten