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A bi-level evolutionary approach for the multi-label detection of smelly classes

Published: 19 July 2022 Publication History

Abstract

This paper presents a new evolutionary method and tool called BMLDS (Bi-level Multi-Label Detection of Smells) that optimizes a population of classifier chains for the multi-label detection of smells. As the chain is sensitive to the labels' (i.e., smell types) order, the chains induction task is framed as a bi-level optimization problem, where the upper-level role is to search for the optimal order of each considered chain while the lower-level one is to generate the chains. This allows taking into consideration the interactions between smells in the multi-label detection process. The statistical analysis of the experimental results reveals the merits of our proposal with respect to several existing works.

References

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Muhammad Ilyas Azeem, Fabio Palomba, Lin Shi, and Qing Wang. 2019. Machine learning techniques for code smell detection: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Information and Software Technology 108 (2019), 115--138.
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Radhia Azzouz, Slim Bechikh, and Lamjed Ben Said. 2014. A Multiple Reference Point-based evolutionary algorithm for dynamic multi-objective optimization with undetectable changes. In 2014 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). 3168--3175.
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Slim Bechikh, Lamjed Ben Said, and Khaled Ghédira. 2011. Negotiating decision makers' reference points for group preference-based Evolutionary Multi-objective Optimization. In 2011 11th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS). 377--382.
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N. Moha, Y. G. Gueheneuc, L. Duchien, and A. F. Le Meur. 2009. Decor: A method for the specification and detection of code and design smells. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 36, 1 (2009), 20--36.
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Jose M Moyano, Eva L Gibaja, Krzysztof J Cios, and Sebastián Ventura. 2019. An evolutionary approach to build ensembles of multi-label classifiers. Information Fusion 50 (2019), 168--180.
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Ali Ouni, Marouane Kessentini, Houari Sahraoui, and Mounir Boukadoum. 2013. Maintainability defects detection and correction: a multi-objective approach. Automated Software Engineering 20, 1 (2013), 47--79.
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Dilan Sahin, Marouane Kessentini, Slim Bechikh, and Kalyanmoy Deb. 2014. Code-smell detection as a bilevel problem. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 24, 1 (2014), 1--44.

Cited By

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  • (2024)Multi-label learning for identifying co-occurring class code smellsComputing10.1007/s00607-024-01294-x106:8(2585-2612)Online publication date: 27-May-2024
  • (2023)Severity Classification of Code Smells Using Machine-Learning MethodsSN Computer Science10.1007/s42979-023-01979-84:5Online publication date: 29-Jul-2023

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cover image ACM Conferences
GECCO '22: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion
July 2022
2395 pages
ISBN:9781450392686
DOI:10.1145/3520304
Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author.

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 19 July 2022

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Author Tags

  1. bi-level optimization
  2. classifier chains
  3. evolutionary algorithm
  4. labels' order
  5. multi-label detection of smells

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Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Multi-label learning for identifying co-occurring class code smellsComputing10.1007/s00607-024-01294-x106:8(2585-2612)Online publication date: 27-May-2024
  • (2023)Severity Classification of Code Smells Using Machine-Learning MethodsSN Computer Science10.1007/s42979-023-01979-84:5Online publication date: 29-Jul-2023

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