research-article

Open access

AVB-aware Routing and Scheduling for Critical Traffic in Time-sensitive Networks with Preemption

Authors:

Silviu S. Craciunas,

Mohammad Ashjaei,

Masoud Daneshtalab,

Mikael SjödinAuthors Info & Claims

RTNS '22: Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems

Pages 207 - 218

https://doi.org/10.1145/3534879.3534926

Published: 07 June 2022 Publication History

All formats PDF

Abstract

The Time-Sensitive Network (TSN) amendments and protocols add capabilities on top of standard 802.1 Ethernet for guaranteeing the timeliness of both (isochronous) scheduled traffic (ST) and shaped (audio-video) communication (AVB) in distributed applications. ST streams are guaranteed via an offline computed schedule controlling the time-aware gate mechanism of IEEE 802.1Qbv, while AVB real-time streams are shaped via a credit-based shaper (CBS) and scheduler with lower-priority than ST. Although the two traffic classes use different TSN mechanisms, they are interrelated as the ST traffic class schedule influences the latency of AVB traffic.

In this paper, we propose a method for the integration of the ST schedule synthesis with an analysis for the AVB class featuring IEEE 802.1Qbu frame preemption under different configurations to reduce the interference between the two classes. We first present a new worst-case response-time (WCRT) analysis for the AVB traffic class in TSN networks with preemption, considering an arbitrary number of AVB queues and different configurations for the CBS credit behavior. Then, we integrate the creation of ST schedule tables with the schedulability analysis of AVB traffic using a heuristic algorithm featuring frame preemption and a novel routing mechanism aimed at maximizing AVB schedulability. Finally, we evaluate our approach using both real-world and synthetic use cases showing the efficiency both in terms of schedule creation runtime and in terms of increasing the schedulability of lower-priority AVB traffic.

References

[1]

Mohammad Ashjaei, Mikael Sjödin, and Saad Mubeen. 2021. A Novel Frame Preemption Model in TSN Networks. Journal of Systems Architecture 80 (June 2021), 1–30.

Digital Library

[2]

D. Bruckner, R. Blair, M-P. Stanica, A. Ademaj, W. Skeffington, D. Kutscher, S. Schriegel, R. Wilmes, K. Wachswender, L. Leurs, M. Seewald, R. Hummen, E-C. Liu, and S. Ravikumar. 2018. OPC UA TSN A new Solution for Industrial Communication. https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/programmable/us/en/pdfs/literature/wp/opc-ua-tsn-solution-industrial-comm-wp.pdf.

[3]

Martin Böhm and Diederich Wermser. 2021. Multi-Domain Time-Sensitive Networks—Control Plane Mechanisms for Dynamic Inter-Domain Stream Configuration. Electronics 10, 20 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10202477

[4]

Silviu S. Craciunas and Ramon Serna Oliver. 2016. Combined Task- and Network-level Scheduling for Distributed Time-Triggered Systems. Journal of Real-Time Systems 52, 2 (2016), 161–200.

Digital Library

[5]

Silviu S. Craciunas and Ramon Serna Oliver. 2021. Out-of-sync Schedule Robustness for Time-sensitive Networks. In Proc. WFCS. IEEE.

[6]

Silviu S. Craciunas, Ramon Serna Oliver, Martin Chmelik, and Wilfried Steiner. 2016. Scheduling Real-Time Communication in IEEE 802.1Qbv Time Sensitive Networks. In Proc. RTNS. ACM.

Digital Library

[7]

Hugo Daigmorte, Marc Boyer, and Luxi Zhao. 2018. Modelling in network calculus a TSN architecture mixing Time-Triggered, Credit Based Shaper and Best-Effort queues. Technical report (2018).

[8]

Jonathan Falk, Frank Dürr, and Kurt Rothermel. 2018. Exploring Practical Limitations of Joint Routing and Scheduling for TSN with ILP. In Proc. RTCSA.

[9]

Anais Finzi and Silviu S. Craciunas. 2019. Integration of SMT-based Scheduling with RC Network Calculus Analysis in TTEthernet Networks. In Proc. ETFA. IEEE.

Digital Library

[10]

Voica Gavriluţ, Luxi Zhao, Michael L. Raagaard, and Paul Pop. 2018. AVB-Aware Routing and Scheduling of Time-Triggered Traffic for TSN. IEEE Access 6(2018), 75229–75243. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2883644

[11]

Bahar Houtan, Mohammad Ashjaei, Masoud Daneshtalab, Mikael Sjödin, and Saad Mubeen. 2021. Synthesising Schedules to Improve QoS of Best-effort Traffic in TSN Networks. In Proc. RTNS. ACM.

Digital Library

[12]

IEEE. 2015. P802.3br — Standard for Ethernet Amendment Specification and Management Parameters for Interspersing Express Traffic. Amendment to IEEE Std 802(2015).

[13]

IEEE. 2016. Time-Sensitive Networking Task Group. http://www.ieee802.org/1/pages/tsn.html. retrieved 23.09.2021.

[14]

IEEE. 2018. 802.1Q—IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Bridges and Bridged Networks. https://standards.ieee.org/standard/802_1Q-2018.html.

[15]

Jaewoong Ko, Ju-ho Lee, Chulsun Park, and Sung-kwon Park. 2015. Research on optimal bandwidth allocation for the scheduled traffic in IEEE 802.1 AVB. In Proc. ICVES. 31–35. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICVES.2015.7396889

[16]

Simon Kramer, Dirk Ziegenbein, and Arne Hamann. 2015. Real world automotive benchmarks for free. In Proc. WATERS.

[17]

Sune Mølgaard Laursen, Paul Pop, and Wilfried Steiner. 2016. Routing Optimization of AVB Streams in TSN Networks. SIGBED Rev. 13, 4 (nov 2016), 43–48. https://doi.org/10.1145/3015037.3015044

Digital Library

[18]

Jean-Yves Le Boudec and Patrick Thiran. 2001. Network calculus: a theory of deterministic queuing systems for the internet. Springer-Verlag.

[19]

Lucia Lo Bello, Mohammad Ashjaei, Gaetano Patti, and Moris Behnam. 2020. Schedulability analysis of Time-Sensitive Networks with scheduled traffic and preemption support. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 144, (2020).

[20]

Rouhollah Mahfouzi, Amir Aminifar, Soheil Samii, Ahmed Rezine, Petru Eles, and Zebo Peng. 2018. Stability-aware integrated routing and scheduling for control applications in Ethernet networks. In Proc. DATE.

[21]

Ahmed Nasrallah, Akhilesh S. Thyagaturu, Ziyad Alharbi, Cuixiang Wang, Xing Shao, Martin Reisslein, and Hesham ElBakoury. 2019. Ultra-Low Latency (ULL) Networks: The IEEE TSN and IETF DetNet Standards and Related 5G ULL Research. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials 21, 1 (2019), 88–145. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2018.2869350

[22]

Naresh Ganesh Nayak, Frank Dürr, and Kurt Rothermel. 2018. Incremental Flow Scheduling and Routing in Time-Sensitive Software-Defined Networks. IEEE Trans Industr Inform 14, 5 (2018).

[23]

Maryam Pahlevan and Roman Obermaisser. 2018. Genetic Algorithm for Scheduling Time-Triggered Traffic in Time-Sensitive Networks. In Proc. ETFA. https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2018.8502515

Digital Library

[24]

Maryam Pahlevan, Nadra Tabassam, and Roman Obermaisser. 2019. Heuristic List Scheduler for Time Triggered Traffic in Time Sensitive Networks. SIGBED Rev. 16, 1 (2019), 15–20.

Digital Library

[25]

Michael Paulitsch, E Schmidt, B Gstöttenbauer, C Scherrer, and H Kantz. 2011. Time-triggered communication (industrial applications). Time-Triggered Communication(2011), 121–152.

[26]

Paul Pop, Michael Lander Raagaard, Silviu S. Craciunas, and Wilfried Steiner. 2016. Design Optimization of Cyber-Physical Distributed Systems using IEEE Time-sensitive Networks (TSN). IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory and Applications 1, 1(2016), 86–94.

[27]

Michael Lander Raagaard and Paul Pop. 2017. Optimization algorithms for the scheduling of IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN). Tech. Univ. Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark, Tech. Rep (2017).

[28]

Ramon Serna Oliver, Silviu S. Craciunas, and Wilfried Steiner. 2018. IEEE 802.1Qbv Gate Control List Synthesis using Array Theory Encoding. In Proc. RTAS. IEEE.

[29]

Wilfried Steiner. 2011. Synthesis of Static Communication Schedules for Mixed-Criticality Systems. In Proc. ISORCW. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORCW.2011.12

Digital Library

[30]

Domiţian Tămaş-Selicean, Paul Pop, and Jan Madsen. 2014. Design of mixed-criticality applications on distributed real-time systems. Technical University of Denmark(2014).

[31]

Daniel Thiele and Rolf Ernst. 2016. Formal worst-case performance analysis of time-sensitive ethernet with frame preemption. In Proc. ETFA.

Digital Library

[32]

Marek Vlk, Kateřina Brejchová, Zdeněk Hanzálek, and Siyu Tang. 2022. Large-scale periodic scheduling in time-sensitive networks. Computers & Operations Research 137 (2022), 105512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2021.105512

Digital Library

[33]

Marek Vlk, Zdeněk Hanzálek, and Siyu Tang. 2021. Constraint programming approaches to joint routing and scheduling in time-sensitive networks. Computers & Industrial Engineering 157 (2021), 107317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2021.107317

[34]

Luxi Zhao, Aldin Berisa, Silviu S. Craciunas, Mohammad Ashjaei, Saad Mubeen, Masoud Daneshtalab, and Mikael Sjödin. 2022. AVB-aware Routing and Scheduling for Critical Traffic in Time-sensitive Networks with Preemption - Supplementary Material. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6190143 Available at https://zenodo.org/record/6190143. .

[35]

Luxi Zhao, Paul Pop, and Silviu S. Craciunas. 2018. Worst-Case Latency Analysis for IEEE 802.1Qbv Time Sensitive Networks Using Network Calculus. IEEE Access 6(2018), 41803–41815. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2858767

[36]

Luxi Zhao, Paul Pop, Qiao Li, Junyan Chen, and Huagang Xiong. 2017. Timing analysis of rate-constrained traffic in TTEthernet using network calculus. Real-Time Systems, 52(2), (2017).

[37]

Luxi Zhao, Paul Pop, Qiao Li, Junyan Chen, and Huagang Xiong. 2017. Timing analysis of rate-constrained traffic in TTEthernet using network calculus. Journal of Real-Time Systems 53, 2 (2017), 254–287.

Digital Library

[38]

Luxi Zhao, Paul Pop, and Sebastian Steinhorst. 2017. Quantitative Performance Comparison of Various Traffic Shapers in Time-Sensitive Networking. CoRR abs/2103.13424(2017). arxiv:2103.13424https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.13424.

[39]

Luxi Zhao, Paul Pop, Zhong Zheng, Hugo Daigmorte, and Marc Boyer. 2021. Latency Analysis of Multiple Classes of AVB Traffic in TSN With Standard Credit Behavior Using Network Calculus. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 68, 10 (2021), 10291–10302. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2020.3021638

[40]

Luxi Zhao, Paul Pop, Zhong Zheng, and Qiao Li. 2018. Timing analysis of AVB traffic in TSN networks using network calculus. In Proc. RTAS.

[41]

Yuanbin Zhou, Soheil Samii, Petru Eles, and Zebo Peng. 2021. ASIL-Decomposition Based Routing and Scheduling in Safety-Critical Time-Sensitive Networking. In Proc. RTAS. https://doi.org/10.1109/RTAS52030.2021.00023

[42]

Yuanbin Zhou, Soheil Samii, Petru Eles, and Zebo Peng. 2021. Reliability-Aware Scheduling and Routing for Messages in Time-Sensitive Networking. ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst. 20, 5, Article 41(2021), 24 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3458768

Digital Library

[43]

Yuanbin Zhou, Soheil Samii, Petru Eles, and Zebo Peng. 2022. Time-Triggered Scheduling for Time-Sensitive Networking with Preemption. In Proc. ASP-DAC. https://doi.org/10.1109/ASP-DAC52403.2022.9712545

Digital Library

Cited By

Miserez JColle DPickavet MTavernier W(2024)Exploiting Queue Information for Scalable Delay-Constrained Routing in Deterministic NetworksIEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management10.1109/TNSM.2024.343576921:5(5260-5272)Online publication date: Oct-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSM.2024.3435769
Debnath RHortig PZhao LSteinhorst S(2024)Quantifying the Impact of Frame Preemption on Combined TSN ShapersNOMS 2024-2024 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium10.1109/NOMS59830.2024.10575564(1-9)Online publication date: 6-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/NOMS59830.2024.10575564
Min JKim WPaek J(2024)Co-Optimization Framework for Heterogeneous Search Spaces in Time-Sensitive Network PlanningIEEE Internet of Things Journal10.1109/JIOT.2023.333143011:7(11779-11792)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2023.3331430
Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Hybrid traffic scheduling in time‐sensitive networking for the support of automotive applications
Abstract
Time‐sensitive networking (TSN) is considered one of the most promising solutions to address real‐time scheduling in in‐vehicle network due to its capabilities for providing deterministic service. The TSN working group proposed various traffic ...
With the rapid development of the automotive field, numerous advanced driving applications are widely employed, which require high data transmission rate, low latency, and tight coordination between sensing and communication to improve deterministic ...
Reinforcement learning based routing for time-aware shaper scheduling in time-sensitive networks
Abstract
To guarantee real-time performance and quality-of-service (QoS) of time-critical industrial systems, time-aware shaper (TAS) in time-sensitive networking (TSN) controls frame transmission times in a bridged network using a scheduled gate control ...
Enhanced Real-time Scheduling of AVB Flows in Time-Sensitive Networking
Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) realizes high bandwidth and time determinism for data transmission and thus becomes the crucial communication technology in time-critical systems. The Gate Control List (GCL) is used to control the transmission of different ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Other conferences

RTNS '22: Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems

June 2022

241 pages

ISBN:9781450396509

DOI:10.1145/3534879

Editors:
Yasmina Abdeddaïm
Université Gustave Eiffel, LIGM, CNRS, France
,
Liliana Cucu-Grosjean
Inria Paris, France
,
Geoffrey Nelissen
Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands
,
Laurent Pautet
Télycom Paris, France

Copyright © 2022 Owner/Author.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License.

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 07 June 2022

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article
Research
Refereed limited

Conference

RTNS 2022

RTNS 2022: The 30th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems

June 7 - 8, 2022

Paris, France

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 119 of 255 submissions, 47%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

12
Total Citations
View Citations
1,209
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)457
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)50

Reflects downloads up to 13 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Miserez JColle DPickavet MTavernier W(2024)Exploiting Queue Information for Scalable Delay-Constrained Routing in Deterministic NetworksIEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management10.1109/TNSM.2024.343576921:5(5260-5272)Online publication date: Oct-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSM.2024.3435769
Debnath RHortig PZhao LSteinhorst S(2024)Quantifying the Impact of Frame Preemption on Combined TSN ShapersNOMS 2024-2024 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium10.1109/NOMS59830.2024.10575564(1-9)Online publication date: 6-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/NOMS59830.2024.10575564
Min JKim WPaek J(2024)Co-Optimization Framework for Heterogeneous Search Spaces in Time-Sensitive Network PlanningIEEE Internet of Things Journal10.1109/JIOT.2023.333143011:7(11779-11792)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2023.3331430
Feng XWang YLin JLi WZhan SLiu YZhang JWang J(2024)RobustTSN: A Framework for Protecting Time-Sensitive Networking against Unexpected Delays2024 IEEE/ACM 32nd International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS)10.1109/IWQoS61813.2024.10682834(1-6)Online publication date: 19-Jun-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/IWQoS61813.2024.10682834
Chahed HKassler A(2023)TSN Network Scheduling—Challenges and ApproachesNetwork10.3390/network30400263:4(585-624)Online publication date: 16-Dec-2023
https://doi.org/10.3390/network3040026
Peng YShi BJiang TTu XXu DHua K(2023)A Survey on In-Vehicle Time-Sensitive NetworkingIEEE Internet of Things Journal10.1109/JIOT.2023.326490910:16(14375-14396)Online publication date: 15-Aug-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2023.3264909
Bujosa DProenza JPapadopoulos ANolte TAshjaei M(2023)Introducing Guard Frames to Ensure Schedulability of All TSN Traffic Classes2023 IEEE 28th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)10.1109/ETFA54631.2023.10275532(1-4)Online publication date: 12-Sep-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA54631.2023.10275532
Stüber TOsswald LLindner SMenth M(2023)A Survey of Scheduling Algorithms for the Time-Aware Shaper in Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN)IEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2023.328637011(61192-61233)Online publication date: 2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3286370
Lee D(2023)Incremental Routing and Scheduling Using Multipath and Nonzero Jitter Bound for IEEE 802.1 Qbv Time Aware ShaperIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2023.325541611(25035-25049)Online publication date: 2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3255416
Min JKim YKim MPaek JGovindan R(2023)Reinforcement learning based routing for time-aware shaper scheduling in time-sensitive networksComputer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking10.1016/j.comnet.2023.109983235:COnline publication date: 1-Nov-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1016/j.comnet.2023.109983
Show More Cited By

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

HTML Format

View this article in HTML Format.

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Table of Contents