research-article

Characterizing and Detecting Non-Consensual Photo Sharing on Social Networks

Authors:

Zhiping CaiAuthors Info & Claims

CCS '22: Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security

Pages 3209 - 3222

https://doi.org/10.1145/3548606.3560571

Published: 07 November 2022 Publication History

Abstract

Photo capturing and sharing have become routine daily activities for social platform users. Alongside the entertainment of social interaction, we are experiencing tremendous visual violation and photo abusing. Especially, users may be unconsciously filmed and exposed online, which is termed as the non-consensual sharing issue. Unfortunately, this problem cannot be well handled with proactive access control or dedicated bystander detection, as users are unaware of their situations and may be filmed stealthily. We propose Videre on behalf of the privacy of the unaware parties in a way that they would be automatically identified and warned before such photos go public. For this, we first elaborate on the predominant features encountered in non-consensual captured photos via a thorough user study. Then we establish a dataset for this context and build a classifier as a proactive detector based on multi-deep-feature fusion. To relieve the burden of person-wise unawareness detection, we further design a signature-based filter for local pre-authorization, which can also implicitly avoid classification errors. We implement and test Videre in various field settings to demonstrate its effectiveness and performance.

Supplementary Material

MP4 File (CCS22-fp104.mp4)

Presentation video - short version

Download
22.39 MB

References

[1]

Janko Rottgers. Snapchat loses 3 million daily users, but beats expectations in q2 earnings. https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/snap-posts-q2-revenue-beatbut- daily-users-down-for-first-time, 2018.

[2]

99Content. Whatsapp statistics. https://99firms.com/blog/whatsapp-statistics/ #gref, 2019.

[3]

Yasmeen Rashidi, Tousif Ahmed, Felicia Patel, Emily Fath, Apu Kapadia, Christena Nippert-Eng, and Norman Makoto Su. "You don't want to be the next meme": College students' workarounds to manage privacy in the era of pervasive photography. In Proc. of Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS), pages 143--157, Baltimore,MD,USA, 2018. USENIX Association.

[4]

Rakibul Hasan, David Crandall, Mario Fritz, and Apu Kapadia. Automatically detecting bystanders in photos to reduce privacy risks. In Proc. of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (S&P), pages 318--335, San Francisco,CA,USA, 2020. IEEE.

[5]

Majid Yar and Jacqueline Drew. Image-based abuse, non-consensual pornography, revenge porn: A study of criminalization and crime prevention in australia and england & wales. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 13(2):578--594, 2019.

[6]

Christena E Nippert-Eng. Islands of privacy. In Islands of Privacy. University of Chicago Press, 2010.

[7]

Kate Brimsted. The jk rowling photo case--are privacy rights evolving for the online era" Computer Law & Security Review, 24(5):465--468, 2008.

[8]

The High Court of Justice Queens Bench Division. Judgment files. http://www.courtservice.gov.uk/judgmentsfiles/j1096/Naomi_Campbell_v_Mirror.htm, 2002.

[9]

Lan Zhang, Kebin Liu, Xiang-Yang Li, Cihang Liu, Xuan Ding, and Yunhao Liu. Privacy-friendly photo capturing and sharing system. In Proc. of the International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp), pages 524--534, New York,NY,USA, 2016. ACM.

Digital Library

[10]

Paarijaat Aditya, Rijurekha Sen, Peter Druschel, Seong Joon Oh, Rodrigo Benenson, Mario Fritz, Bernt Schiele, Bobby Bhattacharjee, and Tong Tong Wu. I-pic: A platform for privacy-compliant image capture. In Proc. of the Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys), pages 235--248, Singapore,Singapore, 2016. ACM.

Digital Library

[11]

Moo-Ryong Ra, Seungjoon Lee, Emiliano Miluzzo, and Eric Zavesky. Do not capture: Automated obscurity for pervasive imaging. IEEE Internet Computing, 21(3):82--87, 2017.

Digital Library

[12]

Ang Li, Qinghua Li, and Wei Gao. Privacycamera: Cooperative privacy-aware photographing with mobile phones. In Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON), pages 1--9, London,UK, 2016. IEEE.

Digital Library

[13]

Fenghua Li, Zhe Sun, Ang Li, Ben Niu, Hui Li, and Guohong Cao. Hideme: Privacypreserving photo sharing on social networks. In Proc. of the International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), pages 154--162, Paris, France, 2019. IEEE.

[14]

Benjamin Henne, Christian Szongott, and Matthew Smith. Snapme if you can: Privacy threats of other peoples' geo-tagged media and what we can do about it. In Proc. of the ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks (WISEC), pages 95--106, Budapest,Hungary, 2013. ACM.

Digital Library

[15]

Panagiotis Ilia, Iasonas Polakis, Elias Athanasopoulos, Federico Maggi, and Sotiris Ioannidis. Face/off: Preventing privacy leakage from photos in social networks. In Proc. of the ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS), pages 781--792, Denver Colorado,USA, 2015. ACM.

[16]

Nishant Vishwamitra, Yifang Li, Kevin Wang, Hongxin Hu, Kelly Caine, and Gail-Joon Ahn. Towards pii-based multiparty access control for photo sharing in online social networks. In Proc. of the ACM on Symposium on Access Control Models and Technologies, pages 155--166, New York,NY,USA, 2017. ACM.

Digital Library

[17]

Cheng Bo, Guobin Shen, Jie Liu, Xiang-Yang Li, YongGuang Zhang, and Feng Zhao. Privacy. tag: Privacy concern expressed and respected. In Proc. of the ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems, pages 163--176, Memphis, TN,USA, 2014. ACM.

Digital Library

[18]

Frank Pallas, Max-Robert Ulbricht, Lorena Jaume-Palasí, and Ulrike Höppner. Offlinetags: A novel privacy approach to online photo sharing. In Proc. of the Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI), pages 2179-- 2184, Toronto Ontario,Canada, 2014. ACM.

[19]

Yong Ding, Bingyao Wang, Yujue Wang, Kun Zhang, and Huiyong Wang. Secure metering data aggregation with batch verification in industrial smart grid. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 16(10):6607--6616, 2020.

[20]

Attila Altay Yavuz, Anand Mudgerikar, Ankush Singla, Ioannis Papapanagiotou, and Elisa Bertino. Real-time digital signatures for time-critical networks. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 12(11):2627--2639, 2017.

Digital Library

[21]

Wenjie Yang, ShangpengWang, and Yi Mu. An enhanced certificateless aggregate signature without pairings for e-healthcare system. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 8(6):5000--5008, 2020.

[22]

Yevgeniy Dodis, Leonid Reyzin, and Adam Smith. Fuzzy extractors: How to generate strong keys from biometrics and other noisy data. In Proc. of International Conference on The Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, pages 523--540, Interlaken,Switzerland, 2004. Springer.

[23]

Ran Canetti, Benjamin Fuller, Omer Paneth, Leonid Reyzin, and Adam Smith. Reusable fuzzy extractors for low-entropy distributions. In Proc. of the Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, pages 117--146, Vienna,Austria, 2016. Springer.

[24]

Tsung-Yi Lin, Michael Maire, Serge Belongie, James Hays, Pietro Perona, Deva Ramanan, Piotr Dollár, and C Lawrence Zitnick. Microsoft coco: Common objects in context. In Proc. of European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), pages 740--755, Zurich,Switzerland, 2014. Springer.

[25]

Iryna Korshunova, Wenzhe Shi, Joni Dambre, and Lucas Theis. Fast face-swap using convolutional neural networks. In Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), pages 3677--3685, Honolulu,HI,USA, 2017. IEEE.

[26]

Petr Kellnhofer, Adria Recasens, Simon Stent, Wojciech Matusik, and Antonio Torralba. Gaze360: Physically unconstrained gaze estimation in the wild. In Proc. of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), pages 6912--6921, Long Beach,CA,USA, 2019. IEEE.

[27]

Alex Graves, Santiago Fernández, and Jürgen Schmidhuber. Bidirectional lstm networks for improved phoneme classification and recognition. In Proc. of the International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, pages 799--804, Warsaw, Poland, 2005. Springer.

[28]

Kaiming He, Xiangyu Zhang, Shaoqing Ren, and Jian Sun. Deep residual learning for image recognition. In Proc. of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pages 770--778, Las Vegas,NV,USA, 2016. IEEE.

[29]

Vitor Albiero, Xingyu Chen, Xi Yin, Guan Pang, and Tal Hassner. img2pose: Face alignment and detection via 6dof, face pose estimation. In Proc. of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pages 7617--7627, Nashville,TN,USA, 2021. IEEE.

[30]

Tsung-Yi Lin, Piotr Dollár, Ross Girshick, Kaiming He, Bharath Hariharan, and Serge Belongie. Feature pyramid networks for object detection. In Proc. of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pages 2117--2125, Honolulu,HI,USA, 2017. IEEE.

[31]

Kemi Ding and Junshan Zhang. Multi-party privacy conflict management in online social networks: a network game perspective. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 28(6):2685--2698, 2020.

Digital Library

[32]

Peter Young, Alice Lai, Micah Hodosh, and Julia Hockenmaier. From image descriptions to visual denotations: New similarity metrics for semantic inference over event descriptions. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2:67--78, 2014.

[33]

Shan Li, Weihong Deng, and JunPing Du. Reliable crowdsourcing and deep locality-preserving learning for expression recognition in the wild. In Proc. of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pages 2852--2861, Honolulu,HI,USA, 2017. IEEE.

[34]

Cao Zhe, Simon Tomas, Wei Shih-En, and Sheikh Yaser. Realtime multi-person 2d pose estimation using part affinity fields. In Proc. of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pages 7291--7299, Salt Lake City,USA, 2018. IEEE.

[35]

Paul Viola and Michael J Jones. Robust real-time face detection. International Journal of Computer Vision, 57(2):137--154, 2004.

Digital Library

[36]

Angelo De Caro and Vincenzo Iovino. jpbc: Java pairing based cryptography. In Proc. of the IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), pages 850--855, Kerkyra,Greece, 2011. IEEE.

[37]

Anunay Kulshrestha and Jonathan Mayer. Identifying harmful media in endto- end encrypted communication: Efficient private membership computation. In Proc. of the USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security), pages 893--910, Virtual, 2021. USENIX Association.

[38]

Facebook. The tmkpdqf video-hashing algorithm and the pdq image-hashing algorithm. https://github.com/facebook/ThreatExchange/blob/master/hashing/hashing.pdf, 2019.

Cited By

Wu YGui XLuo YLi YKelley PKapadia A(2024)Designing the informing process with streamers and bystanders in live streamingProceedings of the Twentieth USENIX Conference on Usable Privacy and Security10.5555/3696899.3696916(315-332)Online publication date: 12-Aug-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3696899.3696916
Bhardwaj DPonticello ATomar SDabrowski AKrombholz K(2024)In Focus, Out of Privacy: The Wearer's Perspective on the Privacy Dilemma of Camera GlassesProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642242(1-18)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642242
Olszewski DLu AStillman CWarren KKitroser CPascual AUkirde DButler KTraynor PMeng WJensen CCremers CKirda E(2023)"Get in Researchers; We're Measuring Reproducibility": A Reproducibility Study of Machine Learning Papers in Tier 1 Security ConferencesProceedings of the 2023 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security10.1145/3576915.3623130(3433-3459)Online publication date: 15-Nov-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3576915.3623130

Index Terms

Characterizing and Detecting Non-Consensual Photo Sharing on Social Networks
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Collaborative and social computing
    1. Collaborative and social computing theory, concepts and paradigms
      1. Social content sharing
2. Security and privacy
  1. Human and societal aspects of security and privacy
    1. Privacy protections
  2. Software and application security
    1. Social network security and privacy

Recommendations

Processing-Aware Privacy-Preserving Photo Sharing over Online Social Networks
MM '16: Proceedings of the 24th ACM international conference on Multimedia

With the ever-increasing popularity of mobile devices and online social networks (OSNs), sharing photos online has become extremely easy and popular. The privacy issues of shared photos and the associated protection schemes have received significant ...
Photo Privacy Protection on Online Social Networks
CSCW '18 Companion: Companion of the 2018 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing

Through my doctoral research, I aim to provide a better online photo privacy protection strategy than existing approaches such as photo self-censorship and recipient control on Online Social Networks (OSNs). To inform the building for an effective and ...
Automatic creation of photo books from stories in social media
WSM '10: Proceedings of second ACM SIGMM workshop on Social media

Photos are a special way to tell stories of our best memories. The representation of those photos in appealing physical photo books is highly appreciated by many people. Today, many photos are shared via social networking sites, where people upload ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

CCS '22: Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security

November 2022

3598 pages

ISBN:9781450394505

DOI:10.1145/3548606

General Chairs:
Heng Yin
University of California, Riverside
,
Angelos Stavrou
Virginia Tech
,
Program Chairs:
Cas Cremers
CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security
,
Elaine Shi
Carnegie Mellon University

Copyright © 2022 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

SIGSAC: ACM Special Interest Group on Security, Audit, and Control

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 07 November 2022

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Funding Sources

National Key Research and Development Program of China
Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province
Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province
NSFC

Conference

CCS '22

Sponsor:

SIGSAC

CCS '22: 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security

November 7 - 11, 2022

CA, Los Angeles, USA

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 1,261 of 6,999 submissions, 18%

Upcoming Conference

CCS '25

Sponsor:
sigsac

ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security

October 13 - 17, 2025

Taipei , Taiwan

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

3
Total Citations
View Citations
556
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)127
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)10

Reflects downloads up to 26 Jan 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Wu YGui XLuo YLi YKelley PKapadia A(2024)Designing the informing process with streamers and bystanders in live streamingProceedings of the Twentieth USENIX Conference on Usable Privacy and Security10.5555/3696899.3696916(315-332)Online publication date: 12-Aug-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/3696899.3696916
Bhardwaj DPonticello ATomar SDabrowski AKrombholz K(2024)In Focus, Out of Privacy: The Wearer's Perspective on the Privacy Dilemma of Camera GlassesProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642242(1-18)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642242
Olszewski DLu AStillman CWarren KKitroser CPascual AUkirde DButler KTraynor PMeng WJensen CCremers CKirda E(2023)"Get in Researchers; We're Measuring Reproducibility": A Reproducibility Study of Machine Learning Papers in Tier 1 Security ConferencesProceedings of the 2023 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security10.1145/3576915.3623130(3433-3459)Online publication date: 15-Nov-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3576915.3623130

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Figures

Tables

Media

View Table of Conten