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Don't Kick Over the Beehive: Attacks and Security Analysis on Zigbee

Authors:

Shuang HaoAuthors Info & Claims

CCS '22: Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security

Pages 2857 - 2870

https://doi.org/10.1145/3548606.3560703

Published: 07 November 2022 Publication History

Abstract

The blooming of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the demand for new connectivity technologies. Zigbee, with its low-power consumption and flexible network structure, has become one of the essential wireless communication protocols in the IoT ecosystem and is adopted by many major companies. There have been over thousands of certified Zigbee products, ranging from sensors, to link light products, to smart energy devices. A common belief is that Zigbee is comparatively secure, due to the nature of closed networks and the use of encryption.

However, in this paper, we find Zigbee-related attacks in which adversaries are outside of the target network and have no knowledge of the encryption keys. The low attack requirements pose high threats. The attacks mislead devices to accept forged packets, which will jeopardize the normal operations of Zigbee networks. We further develop a framework to efficiently identify such problems. The framework supports flexible modification of address and network information, and bit-level manipulations from the MAC layer. To accelerate analysis, we design semantic-aware fuzzing to generate packet candidates that are more likely to produce meaningful results.

We conduct experiments on 10 real-world Zigbee systems. Using our approach, we have identified five types of practical attacks, ranging from communication disruption to security key leakage. We show proof-of-concept attacks on industry Zigbee products and systems. Our findings bring to light new security issues of Zigbee and further motivate possible mitigation approaches.

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Index Terms

Don't Kick Over the Beehive: Attacks and Security Analysis on Zigbee
1. Security and privacy
  1. Network security
    1. Mobile and wireless security

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cover image ACM Conferences

CCS '22: Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security

November 2022

3598 pages

ISBN:9781450394505

DOI:10.1145/3548606

General Chairs:
Heng Yin
University of California, Riverside
,
Angelos Stavrou
Virginia Tech
,
Program Chairs:
Cas Cremers
CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security
,
Elaine Shi
Carnegie Mellon University

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Published: 07 November 2022

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Cited By

Beck SRaavi MDale CWeishalla KWorrell B(2024)Survey of Side-Channel Vulnerabilities for Short-Range Wireless Communication Technologies2024 IEEE International Conference on Electro Information Technology (eIT)10.1109/eIT60633.2024.10609924(450-456)Online publication date: 30-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/eIT60633.2024.10609924
Wang JYu LLuo X(2024)LLMIF: Augmented Large Language Model for Fuzzing IoT Devices2024 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)10.1109/SP54263.2024.00211(881-896)Online publication date: 19-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/SP54263.2024.00211
Morales-Gonzalez CHarper MCash MSun QFu X(2024)On Building Automation Systems and Attacks2024 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)10.1109/ICNC59896.2024.10555990(536-542)Online publication date: 19-Feb-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNC59896.2024.10555990
Morales-Gonzalez CHarper MCash MLuo LLing ZSun QFu X(2024)On building automation system securityHigh-Confidence Computing10.1016/j.hcc.2024.1002364:3(100236)Online publication date: Sep-2024
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hcc.2024.100236
Kumar MYadav VYadav S(2024)Advance comprehensive analysis for Zigbee network-based IoT system securityDiscover Computing10.1007/s10791-024-09456-327:1Online publication date: 24-Jul-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-024-09456-3
Zohourian ADadkhah SNeto EMahdikhani HDanso PMolyneaux HGhorbani A(2023)IoT Zigbee device security: A comprehensive reviewInternet of Things10.1016/j.iot.2023.10079122(100791)Online publication date: Jul-2023
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2023.100791

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