research-article

Open access

Consistency-preserving propagation for SMT solving of concurrent program verification

Authors:

Fei HeAuthors Info & Claims

Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, Volume 6, Issue OOPSLA2

Article No.: 158, Pages 929 - 956

https://doi.org/10.1145/3563321

Published: 31 October 2022 Publication History

Abstract

The happens-before orders have been widely adopted to model thread interleaving behaviors of concurrent programs. A dedicated ordering theory solver, usually composed of theory propagation, consistency checking, and conflict clause generation, plays a central role in concurrent program verification. We propose a novel preventive reasoning approach that automatically preserves the ordering consistency and makes consistency checking and conflict clause generation omissible. We implement our approach in a prototype tool and conduct experiments on credible benchmarks; results reveal a significant improvement over existing state-of-the-art concurrent program verifiers.

References

[1]

Parosh Abdulla, Stavros Aronis, Bengt Jonsson, and Konstantinos Sagonas. 2014. Optimal Dynamic Partial Order Reduction. SIGPLAN Not., 49, 1 (2014), Jan, 373–384. issn:0362-1340 https://doi.org/10.1145/2578855.2535845

Digital Library

[2]

Parosh Abdulla, Mohamed Faouzi Atig, Bengt Jonsson, Magnus Lång, Phong Ngo, and Konstantinos Sagonas. 2019. Optimal stateless model checking for reads-from equivalence under sequential consistency. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, 3 (2019), 10, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1145/3360576

Digital Library

[3]

Parosh Aziz Abdulla, Stavros Aronis, Mohamed Faouzi Atig, Bengt Jonsson, Carl Leonardsson, and Konstantinos Sagonas. 2017. Stateless Model Checking for TSO and PSO. Acta Inf., 54, 8 (2017), Dec, 789–818. issn:0001-5903 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00236-016-0275-0

Digital Library

[4]

Pratyush Agarwal, Krishnendu Chatterjee, Shreya Pathak, Andreas Pavlogiannis, and Viktor Toman. 2021. Stateless Model Checking Under a Reads-Value-From Equivalence. In Computer Aided Verification: 33rd International Conference, CAV 2021, Virtual Event, July 20–23, 2021, Proceedings, Part I. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg. 341–366. isbn:978-3-030-81684-1 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81685-8_16

Digital Library

[5]

Jade Alglave, Daniel Kroening, Vincent Nimal, and Daniel Poetzl. 2014. Don’t Sit on the Fence. In Computer Aided Verification, Armin Biere and Roderick Bloem (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham. 508–524. isbn:978-3-319-08867-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08867-9_33

Digital Library

[6]

Jade Alglave, Daniel Kroening, and Michael Tautschnig. 2013. Partial Orders for Efficient Bounded Model Checking Of Concurrent Software. In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification - Volume 8044 (CAV 2013). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg. 141–157. isbn:9783642397981 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39799-8_9

[7]

Jade Alglave, Luc Maranget, Susmit Sarkar, and Peter Sewell. 2012. Fences in Weak Memory Models (Extended Version). Form. Methods Syst. Des., 40, 2 (2012), Apr, 170–205. issn:0925-9856 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10703-011-0135-z

Digital Library

[8]

Clark Barrett and Cesare Tinelli. 2018. Satisfiability Modulo Theories. Springer International Publishing, Cham. 305–343. isbn:978-3-319-10575-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10575-8_11

[9]

Marek Chalupa, Krishnendu Chatterjee, Andreas Pavlogiannis, Nishant Sinha, and Kapil Vaidya. 2017. Data-Centric Dynamic Partial Order Reduction. Proc. ACM Program. Lang., 2, POPL (2017), Article 31, Dec, 30 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3158119

Digital Library

[10]

Edmund Clarke, Armin Biere, Richard Raimi, and Yunshan Zhu. 2001. Bounded Model Checking Using Satisfiability Solving. Form. Methods Syst. Des., 19, 1 (2001), July, 7–34. issn:0925-9856 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011276507260

Digital Library

[11]

Lucas Cordeiro and Bernd Fischer. 2011. Verifying Multi-Threaded Software Using Smt-Based Context-Bounded Model Checking. In Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE ’11). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA. 331–340. isbn:9781450304450 https://doi.org/10.1145/1985793.1985839

Digital Library

[12]

Leonardo de Moura and Nikolaj Bjørner. 2008. Z3: an efficient SMT solver. Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 4963, 337–340. isbn:978-3-540-78799-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78800-3_24

[13]

Leonardo De Moura and Nikolaj Bjørner. 2011. Satisfiability modulo Theories: Introduction and Applications. Commun. ACM, 54, 9 (2011), Sept., 69–77. issn:0001-0782 https://doi.org/10.1145/1995376.1995394

Digital Library

[14]

Hongyu Fan, Weiting Liu, and Fei He. 2022. Interference Relation-Guided SMT Solving for Multi-Threaded Program Verification. In Proceedings of the 27th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming (PPoPP ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA. 163–176. isbn:9781450392044 https://doi.org/10.1145/3503221.3508424

Digital Library

[15]

Patrice Godefroid. 1997. Model Checking for Programming Languages Using VeriSoft. In Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL ’97). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA. 174–186. isbn:0897918533 https://doi.org/10.1145/263699.263717

Digital Library

[16]

Patrice Godefroid, Jan van Leeuwen, Juris Hartmanis, Gerhard Goos, and Pierre Wolper. 1996. Partial-order methods for the verification of concurrent systems: an approach to the state-explosion problem. 1032, Citeseer.

[17]

Henning Günther, Alfons Laarman, and Georg Weissenbacher. 2016. Vienna Verification Tool: IC3 for Parallel Software. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems - Volume 9636. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg. 954–957. isbn:9783662496732 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49674-9_69

Digital Library

[18]

Ashutosh Gupta, Thomas A. Henzinger, Arjun Radhakrishna, Roopsha Samanta, and Thorsten Tarrach. 2015. Succinct Representation of Concurrent Trace Sets. In Proceedings of the 42nd Annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, POPL 2015, Mumbai, India, January 15-17, 2015, Sriram K. Rajamani and David Walker (Eds.). ACM, 433–444. https://doi.org/10.1145/2676726.2677008

Digital Library

[19]

Fei He, Zhihang Sun, and Hongyu Fan. 2021. Satisfiability modulo Ordering Consistency Theory for Multi-Threaded Program Verification. In Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI 2021). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA. 1264–1279. isbn:9781450383912 https://doi.org/10.1145/3453483.3454108

Digital Library

[20]

Jeff Huang. 2015. Stateless Model Checking Concurrent Programs with Maximal Causality Reduction. SIGPLAN Not., 50, 6 (2015), Jun, 165–174. issn:0362-1340 https://doi.org/10.1145/2813885.2737975

Digital Library

[21]

Omar Inverso, Truc L. Nguyen, Bernd Fischer, Salvatore La Torre, and Gennaro Parlato. 2015. Lazy-CSeq: A Context-Bounded Model Checking Tool for Multi-Threaded C-Programs. In Proceedings of the 30th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE ’15). IEEE Press, 807–812. isbn:9781509000241 https://doi.org/10.1109/ASE.2015.108

Digital Library

[22]

Omar Inverso, Ermenegildo Tomasco, Bernd Fischer, Salvatore La Torre, and Gennaro Parlato. 2014. Bounded Model Checking of Multi-Threaded C Programs via Lazy Sequentialization. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification - Volume 8559. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg. 585–602. isbn:9783319088662 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08867-9_39

Digital Library

[23]

Ranjit Jhala, Andreas Podelski, and Andrey Rybalchenko. 2018. Predicate Abstraction for Program Verification. Springer International Publishing, Cham. 447–491. isbn:978-3-319-10575-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10575-8_15

[24]

Michalis Kokologiannakis, Ori Lahav, Konstantinos Sagonas, and Viktor Vafeiadis. 2017. Effective Stateless Model Checking for C/C++ Concurrency. Proc. ACM Program. Lang., 2, POPL (2017), Article 17, Dec, 32 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3158105

Digital Library

[25]

Michalis Kokologiannakis and Viktor Vafeiadis. 2021. GenMC: A Model Checker for Weak Memory Models. 427–440. isbn:978-3-030-81684-1 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81685-8_20

Digital Library

[26]

Daniel Kroening and Michael Tautschnig. 2014. CBMC–C bounded model checker. In International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems. 389–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54862-8_26

[27]

Leslie Lamport. 1979. How to make a multiprocessor computer that correctly executes multiprocess programs. IEEE transactions on computers, 28, 09 (1979), 690–691. https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.1979.1675439

Digital Library

[28]

Antoni Mazurkiewicz. 1986. Trace theory. In Advanced course on Petri nets. 278–324. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-17906-2_30

[29]

Jonas Oberhauser, Rafael Chehab, Diogo Behrens, Ming Fu, Antonio Paolillo, Lilith Oberhauser, Koustubha Bhat, Yuzhong Wen, Haibo Chen, Jaeho Kim, and Viktor Vafeiadis. 2021. VSync: push-button verification and optimization for synchronization primitives on weak memory models. 530–545. https://doi.org/10.1145/3445814.3446748

Digital Library

[30]

Scott Owens, Susmit Sarkar, and Peter Sewell. 2009. A Better X86 Memory Model: X86-TSO. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Theorem Proving in Higher Order Logics (TPHOLs ’09). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg. 391–407. isbn:9783642033582 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03359-9_27

Digital Library

[31]

Hernán Ponce-de León, Florian Furbach, Keijo Heljanko, and Roland Meyer. 2020. Dartagnan: Bounded Model Checking for Weak Memory Models (Competition Contribution). In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems: 26th International Conference, TACAS 2020, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2020, Dublin, Ireland, April 25–30, 2020, Proceedings, Part II. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg. 378–382. isbn:978-3-030-45236-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45237-7_24

Digital Library

[32]

Nishant Sinha and Chao Wang. 2011. On Interference Abstractions. In Proceedings of the 38th Annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL ’11). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA. 423–434. isbn:9781450304900 https://doi.org/10.1145/1926385.1926433

Digital Library

[33]

Ermenegildo Tomasco, Truc L Nguyen, Omar Inverso, Bernd Fischer, Salvatore La Torre, and Gennaro Parlato. 2016. Lazy sequentialization for TSO and PSO via shared memory abstractions. In 2016 Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (FMCAD). 193–200. https://doi.org/10.1109/FMCAD.2016.7886679

[34]

Chao Wang, Sudipta Kundu, Malay Ganai, and Aarti Gupta. 2009. Symbolic Predictive Analysis for Concurrent Programs. 5850, 256–272. isbn:978-3-642-05088-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05089-3_17

Digital Library

[35]

D. Weaver and Tom Gremond. 1994. The SPARC architecture manual : version 9. Prentice-Hall.

[36]

Liangze Yin, Wei Dong, Wanwei Liu, Yunchou Li, and Ji Wang. 2018. YOGAR-CBMC: CBMC with Scheduling Constraint Based Abstraction Refinement. In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, Dirk Beyer and Marieke Huisman (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham. 422–426. isbn:978-3-319-89963-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89963-3_25

[37]

Liangze Yin, Wei Dong, Wanwei Liu, and Ji Wang. 2017. Scheduling Constraint Based Abstraction Refinement for Multi-Threaded Program Verification. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, PP (2017), 08, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2018.2864122

[38]

Liangze Yin, Wei Dong, Wanwei Liu, and Ji Wang. 2018. Scheduling Constraint Based Abstraction Refinement for Weak Memory Models. In Proceedings of the 33rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE 2018). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA. 645–655. isbn:9781450359375 https://doi.org/10.1145/3238147.3238223

Digital Library

[39]

L. Yin, W. Dong, W. Liu, and J. Wang. 2020. On Scheduling Constraint Abstraction for Multi-Threaded Program Verification. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 46, 5 (2020), may, 549–565. issn:1939-3520 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2018.2864122

Cited By

Sales EInverso OTuosto E(2024)Accurate Static Data Race Detection for CFormal Methods10.1007/978-3-031-71162-6_23(443-462)Online publication date: 9-Sep-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-031-71162-6_23
Haas TMaseli RMeyer RPonce de León H(2023)Static Analysis of Memory Models for SMT EncodingsProceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages10.1145/36228557:OOPSLA2(1618-1647)Online publication date: 16-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3622855

Index Terms

Consistency-preserving propagation for SMT solving of concurrent program verification
1. Software and its engineering
  1. Software creation and management
    1. Software verification and validation
      1. Formal software verification
2. Theory of computation
  1. Logic
    1. Logic and verification

Recommendations

Interference relation-guided SMT solving for multi-threaded program verification
PPoPP '22: Proceedings of the 27th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming

Concurrent program verification is challenging due to a large number of thread interferences. A popular approach is to encode concurrent programs as SMT formulas and then rely on off-the-shelf SMT solvers to accomplish the verification. In most existing ...
Satisfiability modulo ordering consistency theory for multi-threaded program verification
PLDI 2021: Proceedings of the 42nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation

Analyzing multi-threaded programs is hard due to the number of thread interleavings. Partial orders can be used for modeling and analyzing multi-threaded programs. However, there is no dedicated decision procedure for solving partial-order constraints. ...
SIRe: an efficient snapshot isolation-based memory model for detecting and tolerating region conflicts
SPLASH Companion 2015: Companion Proceedings of the 2015 ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Systems, Programming, Languages and Applications: Software for Humanity

A strong memory model, such as region serializability, helps programmers reason about programs in the granularity of synchronization free regions and allows compiler and hardware to more freely reorder accesses. However, providing region ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages

Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages Volume 6, Issue OOPSLA2

October 2022

1932 pages

EISSN:2475-1421

DOI:10.1145/3554307

Editor:
Philip Wadler
University of Edinburgh, UK

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2022 Owner/Author.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 31 October 2022

Published in PACMPL Volume 6, Issue OOPSLA2

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article

Funding Sources

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

2
Total Citations
View Citations
408
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)223
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)20

Reflects downloads up to 04 Oct 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Sales EInverso OTuosto E(2024)Accurate Static Data Race Detection for CFormal Methods10.1007/978-3-031-71162-6_23(443-462)Online publication date: 9-Sep-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-031-71162-6_23
Haas TMaseli RMeyer RPonce de León H(2023)Static Analysis of Memory Models for SMT EncodingsProceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages10.1145/36228557:OOPSLA2(1618-1647)Online publication date: 16-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3622855

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Article

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents