Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
10.1145/3568562.3568658acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagessoictConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

V-Endpoint: Decentralized Endpoint for Blockchain Applications Based on Spark and Byzantine Consensus

Published: 01 December 2022 Publication History

Abstract

A blockchain endpoint is a gateway where provides APIs to applications to read and write transactions on the blockchain network. As a result, endpoints such as Etherscan and BlockCypher make access to blockchain network easier and more flexible. However, we found that those centralized endpoints are unsafe and easy to be malicious and attacked. To address this issue, we present a decentralized endpoint named V-Endpoint which receives transactions from multiple endpoints and validates them based on Byzantine consensus. V-Endpoint is implemented based on Spark and evaluated on Hyperledger Fabric network. The experimental results show the throughput could be improved 240% on average in comparison with a centralized endpoint.

References

[1]
Merlinda Andoni, Valentin Robu, David Flynn, Simone Abram, Dale Geach, David Jenkins, Peter McCallum, and Andrew Peacock. 2019. Blockchain technology in the energy sector: A systematic review of challenges and opportunities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 100 (2019), 143–174.
[2]
Elli Androulaki, Artem Barger, Vita Bortnikov, Christian Cachin, Konstantinos Christidis, Angelo De Caro, David Enyeart, Christopher Ferris, Gennady Laventman, Yacov Manevich, 2018. Hyperledger fabric: a distributed operating system for permissioned blockchains. Proceedings of the Thirteenth EuroSys Conference -, - (2018), 1–15.
[3]
Vijay Arya, Sayandeep Sen, and Palani Kodeswaran. 2018. Blockchain Enabled Trustless API Marketplace. arXiv:1812.02154 [cs] 0, 0 (2018), 0. http://arxiv.org/abs/1812.02154 arXiv:1812.02154.
[4]
Binance. 2020. Binance APIs. Available at https://docs.binance.org/api-reference/dex-api/paths.html (accessed 01 Jan. 2020).
[5]
Blockchain. 2020. Blockchain Explorer. Available at https://www.blockchain.com/api (accessed 01 Jan. 2020).
[6]
BlockCypher. 2020. API documentation. Available at https://www.blockcypher.com/dev/bitcoin/#introduction (accessed 01 Jan. 2020).
[7]
Bloomberg. 2020. Hackers Steal $40 Million Worth of Bitcoin From Binance Exchange. Available at https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-08/crypto-exchange-giant-binance-reports-a-hack-of-7-000-bitcoin (accessed 01 Jan. 2020).
[8]
Richard Gendal Brown, James Carlyle, Ian Grigg, and Mike Hearn. 2016. Corda: an introduction. R3 CEV, August 1(2016), 15.
[9]
CCN. 2020. Someone Tried to Hack Etherscan. Available at https://www.ccn.com/someone-tried-to-hack-etherscan-using-the-comment-section (accessed 01 Jan. 2020).
[10]
Coindesk. 2020. Binance Customer Data Has Leaked. Available at https://www.coindesk.com/binance-kyc-issue (accessed 01 Jan. 2020).
[11]
Etherscan. 2020. Etherscan APIs. Available at https://etherscan.io/apis (accessed 01 Jan. 2020).
[12]
Nishant Garg. 2013. Apache Kafka. Packt Publishing Ltd, -.
[13]
Wolfgang Gräther, Sabine Kolvenbach, Rudolf Ruland, Julian Schütte, Christof Torres, and Florian Wendland. 2018. Blockchain for Education: Lifelong Learning Passport. In Proceedings of 1st ERCIM Blockchain Workshop. -, -, 0.
[14]
Minhaj Ahmad Khan and Khaled Salah. 2018. IoT security: Review, blockchain solutions, and open challenges. Future Generation Computer Systems 82 (2018), 395–411.
[15]
N. Nizamuddin, K. Salaha, M. Ajmal Azad, J. Arshad, and M.H. Rehmand. 2019. Decentralized document version control using ethereum blockchain and IPFS. Computers and Electrical Engineering 76 (2019), 183–197.
[16]
State of the DApps. 2022. DApp Statistics. Available at https://www.stateofthedapps.com/stats.
[17]
Oraclize. 2020. API documentation. Available at https://docs.provable.xyz/#home (accessed 01 Jan. 2020).
[18]
Narayan Prusty. 2017. Building blockchain projects: building decentralized blockchain applications with Ethereum and Solidity. Packt, Birmingham Mumbai. OCLC: 1027213075.
[19]
Consortium R3. 2016. A blockchain platform built for business ang longevity. Available at https://www.r3.com/ (accessed 01 Jan. 2020).
[20]
Martin Ruubel. 2019. Estonian eHealth Authority Partners with Guardtime to Accelerate Transparency and Auditability in Health Care. Available at https://guardtime.com/blog/estonian-ehealth-partners-guardtime-blockchain-based-transparency (accessed 01 Jan. 2020).
[21]
Spark Job Server. 2014. REST job server for Apache Spark. Available at https://github.com/spark-jobserver/spark-jobserver/ (accessed 06 Feb. 2020).
[22]
Ingo Weber, Qinghua Lu, An Binh Tran, Amit Deshmukh, Marek Gorski, and Markus Strazds. 2019. A platform architecture for multi-tenant blockchain-based systems. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA). IEEE, -, -, 101–110.
[23]
Xiwei Xu, Ingo Weber, and Mark Staples. 2019. Example Use Cases. Springer Nature, Switzerland, 61–79.
[24]
Jesse Yli-Huumo, Deokyoon Ko, Sujin Choi, Sooyong Park, and Kari Smolander. 2016. Where Is Current Research on Blockchain Technology?—A Systematic Review. PLOS ONE 11, 10 (2016), 0. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0163477
[25]
Matei Zaharia, Mosharaf Chowdhury, Michael J Franklin, Scott Shenker, Ion Stoica, 2010. Spark: Cluster computing with working sets.HotCloud 10, 10-10 (2010), 95.

Cited By

View all
  • (2023)BigChain: Consolidating Blockchain Client for Scalable Analysis2023 4th International Conference on Computer, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (ICCBD+AI)10.1109/ICCBD-AI62252.2023.00044(227-231)Online publication date: 15-Dec-2023

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Other conferences
SoICT '22: Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Information and Communication Technology
December 2022
474 pages
ISBN:9781450397254
DOI:10.1145/3568562
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 December 2022

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. Blockchain Applications
  2. Byzantine consensus.
  3. Decentralized Endpoint
  4. Spark

Qualifiers

  • Research-article
  • Research
  • Refereed limited

Funding Sources

  • Vingroup Innovation Foundation (VINIF)

Conference

SoICT 2022

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 147 of 318 submissions, 46%

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)19
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 11 Sep 2024

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2023)BigChain: Consolidating Blockchain Client for Scalable Analysis2023 4th International Conference on Computer, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (ICCBD+AI)10.1109/ICCBD-AI62252.2023.00044(227-231)Online publication date: 15-Dec-2023

View Options

Get Access

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

HTML Format

View this article in HTML Format.

HTML Format

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media