Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
10.1145/3570361.3613258acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesmobicomConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article
Open access

Quantum Wireless Sensing: Principle, Design and Implementation

Published: 02 October 2023 Publication History
  • Get Citation Alerts
  • Abstract

    Recent years have witnessed a tremendous amount of interest in wireless sensing, i.e., instead of employing traditional sensors, wireless signal is utilized for sensing purposes. Contact-free wireless sensing has been successfully demonstrated using various RF signals such as WiFi, RFID, LoRa, and mmWave, enabling a large range of applications. However, limited by hardware thermal noise, the granularity of RF sensing is still relatively coarse. In this paper, instead of using the macro signal power/phase for sensing, we propose the first quantum wireless sensing system, which uses the micro energy level of atoms for sensing, improving the sensing granularity by an order of magnitude. The proposed quantum wireless sensing system is capable of utilizing a wide spectrum of frequencies (e.g., 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz and 28 GHz) for sensing. We demonstrate the superior performance of quantum wireless sensing with two widely-used signals, i.e., WiFi and 28 GHz millimeter wave. We show that quantum wireless sensing can push the sensing granularity of WiFi from millimeter level to sub-millimeter level and push the sensing granularity of millimeter wave to micrometer level.

    References

    [1]
    2011. WiFi Intel 5300 CSI tool. https://dhalperi.github.io/linux-80211n-csitool/.
    [2]
    2022. USRP B210. https://www.ettus.com/all-products/UB210-KIT/.Accessed:2022-09-20.
    [3]
    C S Adams, J D Pritchard, and J P Shaffer. 2019. Rydberg atom quantum technologies. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 53, 1 (dec 2019), 012002.
    [4]
    Fadel Adib and Dina Katabi. 2013. See through Walls with WiFi!. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 Conference on SIGCOMM (Hong Kong, China) (SIGCOMM '13). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 75--86.
    [5]
    Fadel Adib, Hongzi Mao, Zachary Kabelac, Dina Katabi, and Robert C Miller. 2015. Smart homes that monitor breathing and heart rate. In Proceedings of the 33rd annual ACM conference on human factors in computing systems. 837--846.
    [6]
    Fadel M. Adib, Chen-Yu Hsu, Hongzi Mao, Dina Katabi, and Frédo Durand. 2015. Capturing the human figure through a wall. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 34 (2015), 1 -- 13.
    [7]
    Fadel M. Adib, Zachary Kabelac, and Dina Katabi. 2015. Multi-Person Localization via RF Body Reflections. In NSDI.
    [8]
    Paul Benioff. 1980. The computer as a physical system: A microscopic quantum mechanical Hamiltonian model of computers as represented by Turing machines. Journal of statistical physics 22, 5 (1980), 563--591.
    [9]
    Charles H Bennett, François Bessette, Gilles Brassard, Louis Salvail, and John Smolin. 1992. Experimental quantum cryptography. Journal of cryptology 5, 1 (1992), 3--28.
    [10]
    Stephanie M Bohaichuk, Donald Booth, Kent Nickerson, Harry Tai, and James P Shaffer. 2022. Origins of rydberg-atom electrometer transient response and its impact on radio-frequency pulse sensing. Physical Review Applied 18, 3 (2022), 034030.
    [11]
    Julien Bourgeois and Wolfgang Minker. 2009. Time-domain beamforming and blind source separation: speech input in the car environment. Springer.
    [12]
    Yanling Bu, Lei Xie, Yinyin Gong, Chuyu Wang, Lei Yang, Jia Liu, and Sanglu Lu. 2022. RF-Dial: Rigid Motion Tracking and Touch Gesture Detection for Interaction via RFID Tags. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 21, 3 (2022), 1061--1080.
    [13]
    Zhaoxin Chang, Fusang Zhang, Jie Xiong, Junqi Ma, Beihong Jin, and Daqing Zhang. 2022. Sensor-free Soil Moisture Sensing Using LoRa Signals. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 6, 2 (2022), 1--27.
    [14]
    Lili Chen, Jie Xiong, Xiaojiang Chen, Sunghoon Ivan Lee, Kai Chen, Dianhe Han, Dingyi Fang, Zhanyong Tang, and Zongge Wang. 2019. WideSee: towards wide-area contactless wireless sensing. Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (2019).
    [15]
    Lili Chen, Jie Xiong, Xiaojiang Chen, Sunghoon Ivan Lee, Daqing Zhang, Tao Yan, and Dingyi Fang. 2019. LungTrack: Towards Contact-less and Zero Dead-Zone Respiration Monitoring with Commodity RFIDs. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 3 (2019), 79:1--79:22.
    [16]
    Weiyan Chen, Fusang Zhang, Tao Gu, Kexing Zhou, Zixuan Huo, and Daqing Zhang. 2022. Constructing Floor Plan through Smoke Using Ultra Wideband Radar. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 5, 4, Article 147 (dec 2022), 29 pages.
    [17]
    Isaac L Chuang, Neil Gershenfeld, and Mark Kubinec. 1998. Experimental implementation of fast quantum searching. Physical review letters 80, 15 (1998), 3408.
    [18]
    Axel Dahlberg, Matthew Skrzypczyk, Tim Coopmans, Leon Wubben, Filip Rozpundefineddek, Matteo Pompili, Arian Stolk, Przemysław Pawełczak, Robert Knegjens, Julio de Oliveira Filho, Ronald Hanson, and Stephanie Wehner. 2019. A Link Layer Protocol for Quantum Networks. In Proceedings of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication (Beijing, China) (SIGCOMM '19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 159--173.
    [19]
    C. L. Degen, F. Reinhard, and P. Cappellaro. 2017. Quantum sensing. Rev. Mod. Phys. 89 (Jul 2017), 39 pages. Issue 3.
    [20]
    Robert Dougherty. 2004. Advanced time-domain beamforming techniques. In 10th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference. 2955.
    [21]
    Charles T. Fancher, David R. Scherer, Marc C. St. John, and Bonnie L. Schmittberger Marlow. 2021. Rydberg Atom Electric Field Sensors for Communications and Sensing. IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering 2 (2021), 1--13.
    [22]
    Chao Feng, Jie Xiong, Liqiong Chang, Ju Wang, Xiaojiang Chen, Dingyi Fang, and Zhanyong Tang. 2019. Wimi: Target material identification with commodity wi-fi devices. In 2019 IEEE 39th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS). IEEE, 700--710.
    [23]
    Thomas Gallagher. 2006. Rydberg Atoms. Springer New York, New York, NY, 235--245.
    [24]
    Walter Gander, Gene H. Golub, and Rolf Strebel. 1994. Least-squares fitting of circles and ellipses. BIT Numerical Mathematics 34, 4 (1994), 558--578.
    [25]
    Nicolas Gisin and Rob Thew. 2007. Quantum communication. Nature photonics 1, 3 (2007), 165--171.
    [26]
    Unsoo Ha, Salah Assana, and Fadel Adib. 2020. Contactless Seismo-cardiography via Deep Learning Radars. In Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom '20). Association for Computing Machinery, Article 62, 14 pages.
    [27]
    Unsoo Ha, Junshan Leng, Alaa Khaddaj, and Fadel Adib. 2020. Food and Liquid Sensing in Practical Environments using RFIDs. In 17th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 20). USENIX Association, Santa Clara, CA, 1083--1100. https://www.usenix.org/conference/nsdi20/presentation/ha
    [28]
    Chengkun Jiang, Junchen Guo, Yuan He, Meng Jin, Shuai Li, and Yunhao Liu. 2020. MmVib: Micrometer-Level Vibration Measurement with Mmwave Radar. In Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (London, United Kingdom) (MobiCom '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 45, 13 pages.
    [29]
    Yuechun Jiao, Xiaoxuan Han, Jiabei Fan, Georg Raithel, Jianming Zhao, and Suotang Jia. 2019. Atom-based receiver for amplitude-modulated baseband signals in high-frequency radio communication. Applied Physics Express 12, 12 (2019), 126002.
    [30]
    Minsung Kim, Davide Venturelli, and Kyle Jamieson. 2019. Leveraging Quantum Annealing for Large MIMO Processing in Centralized Radio Access Networks. In Proceedings of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication (Beijing, China) (SIGCOMM '19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 241--255.
    [31]
    Minsung Kim, Davide Venturelli, John Kaewell, and Kyle Jamieson. 2022. Warm-Started Quantum Sphere Decoding via Reverse Annealing for Massive IoT Connectivity. In Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing And Networking (Sydney, NSW, Australia) (MobiCom '22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--14.
    [32]
    Huining Li, Chenhan Xu, Aditya Singh Rathore, Zhengxiong Li, Hanbin Zhang, Chen Song, Kun Wang, Lu Su, Feng Lin, Kui Ren, and Wenyao Xu. 2020. VocalPrint: exploring a resilient and secure voice authentication via mmWave biometric interrogation. Proceedings of the 18th Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (2020).
    [33]
    Yang Li, Dan Wu, Jie Zhang, Xuhai Xu, Yaxiong Xie, Tao Gu, and Daqing Zhang. 2022. DiverSense: Maximizing Wi-Fi Sensing Range Leveraging Signal Diversity. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 6, 2, Article 94 (jul 2022), 28 pages.
    [34]
    Jian Liu, Hongbo Liu, Yingying Chen, Yan Wang, and Chen Wang. 2020. Wireless Sensing for Human Activity: A Survey. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials 22, 3 (2020), 1629--1645.
    [35]
    C.J. Lorenzen and K. Niemax. 1984. Precise quantum defects of nS, nP and nD Levels in Cs I. Zeitschrift für Physik A Atoms and Nuclei 315 (1984), 127--133.
    [36]
    Yongsen Ma, Gang Zhou, and Shuangquan Wang. 2019. WiFi Sensing with Channel State Information: A Survey. ACM Comput. Surv. 52, 3, Article 46 (jun 2019), 36 pages.
    [37]
    N David Mermin. 2007. Quantum computer science: an introduction. Cambridge University Press.
    [38]
    David H Meyer, Kevin C Cox, Fredrik K Fatemi, and Paul D Kunz. 2018. Digital communication with Rydberg atoms and amplitude-modulated microwave fields. Applied Physics Letters 112, 21 (2018), 211108.
    [39]
    Moritz Müller, Jins de Jong, Maran van Heesch, Benno Overeinder, and Roland van Rijswijk-Deij. 2020. Retrofitting Post-Quantum Cryptography in Internet Protocols: A Case Study of DNSSEC. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 50, 4 (oct 2020), 49--57.
    [40]
    F. Naya, H. Noma, R. Ohmura, and K. Kogure. 2005. Bluetooth-based indoor proximity sensing for nursing context awareness. In Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers (ISWC'05). 212--213.
    [41]
    Nikunjkumar Prajapati, Andrew P Rotunno, Samuel Berweger, Matthew T Simons, Alexandra B Artusio-Glimpse, Stephen D Voran, and Christopher L Holloway. 2022. TV and video game streaming with a quantum receiver: A study on a Rydberg atom-based receiver's bandwidth and reception clarity. AVS Quantum Science 4, 3 (2022), 035001.
    [42]
    Qifan Pu, Sidhant Gupta, Shyamnath Gollakota, and Shwetak Patel. 2013. Whole-Home Gesture Recognition Using Wireless Signals. In Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom '13). Association for Computing Machinery, 27--38.
    [43]
    Ziyuan Pu, Meixin Zhu, Wenxiang Li, Zhiyong Cui, Xiaoyu Guo, and Yinhai Wang. 2021. Monitoring Public Transit Ridership Flow by Passively Sensing Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Mobile Devices. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 8, 1 (2021), 474--486.
    [44]
    Ji-Gang Ren, Ping Xu, Hai-Lin Yong, Liang Zhang, Sheng-Kai Liao, Juan Yin, Wei-Yue Liu, Wen-Qi Cai, Meng Yang, Li Li, et al. 2017. Ground-to-satellite quantum teleportation. Nature 549, 7670 (2017), 70--73.
    [45]
    Jonathon A Sedlacek, Arne Schwettmann, Harald Kübler, Robert Löw, Tilman Pfau, and James P Shaffer. 2012. Microwave electrometry with Rydberg atoms in a vapour cell using bright atomic resonances. Nature Physics 8, 11 (2012), 819--824.
    [46]
    Shouqian Shi and Chen Qian. 2020. Concurrent Entanglement Routing for Quantum Networks: Model and Designs. In Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication on the Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication (SIGCOMM '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 62--75.
    [47]
    Li Sun, Souvik Sen, Dimitrios Koutsonikolas, and Kyu-Han Kim. 2015. WiDraw: Enabling Hands-Free Drawing in the Air on Commodity WiFi Devices. In Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (Paris, France) (MobiCom '15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 77--89.
    [48]
    Sheng Tan, Yili Ren, Jie Yang, and Yingying Chen. 2022. Commodity WiFi Sensing in Ten Years: Status, Challenges, and Opportunities. IEEE Internet of Things Journal 9, 18 (2022), 17832--17843.
    [49]
    Chuyu Wang, Lei Xie, Yuancan Lin, Wei Wang, Yingying Chen, Yanling Bu, Kai Zhang, and Sanglu Lu. 2022. Thru-the-wall Eavesdropping on Loudspeakers via RFID by Capturing Sub-mm Level Vibration. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 5, 4 (Dec. 2022), 182:1--182:25.
    [50]
    Jingxian Wang, Junbo Zhang, Rajarshi Saha, Haojian Jin, and Swarun Kumar. 2019. Pushing the Range Limits of Commercial Passive RFIDs. In 16th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 19). USENIX Association, Boston, MA, 301--316.
    [51]
    Wei Wang, Alex X. Liu, Muhammad Shahzad, Kang Ling, and Sanglu Lu. 2015. Understanding and Modeling of WiFi Signal Based Human Activity Recognition (MobiCom '15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 65--76.
    [52]
    Binbin Xie, Jie Xiong, Xiaojiang Chen, Eugene Chai, Liyao Li, Zhanyong Tang, and Dingyi Fang. 2019. Tagtag: material sensing with commodity rfid. In Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems. 338--350.
    [53]
    Binbin Xie, Jie Xiong, Xiaojiang Chen, and Dingyi Fang. 2020. Exploring Commodity RFID for Contactless Sub-Millimeter Vibration Sensing. In Proceedings of the 18th Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys '20). Association for Computing Machinery, 15--27.
    [54]
    Binbin Xie, Yuqing Yin, and Jie Xiong. 2021. Pushing the Limits of Long Range Wireless Sensing with LoRa. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 5 (2021), 1--21.
    [55]
    Chenhan Xu, Zhengxiong Li, Hanbin Zhang, Aditya Singh Rathore, Huining Li, Chen Song, Kun Wang, and Wenyao Xu. 2019. WaveEar: Exploring a mmWave-based Noise-resistant Speech Sensing for Voice-User Interface. Proceedings of the 17th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (2019).
    [56]
    Chung-Jui Yu, Stephen von Kugelgen, Daniel W. Laorenza, and Danna E. Freedman. 2021. A Molecular Approach to Quantum Sensing. ACS Central Science 7, 5 (2021), 712--723. arXiv:https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.0c00737 34079892.
    [57]
    Daqing Zhang, Fusang Zhang, Dan Wu, Jie Xiong, and Kai Niu. 2021. Fresnel Zone Based Theories for Contactless Sensing. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 145--164.
    [58]
    Fusang Zhang, Zhaoxin Chang, Kai Niu, Jie Xiong, Beihong Jin, Qin Lv, and Daqing Zhang. 2020. Exploring LoRa for Long-Range Through-Wall Sensing. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 4, 2, Article 68 (June 2020), 27 pages.
    [59]
    Fusang Zhang, Zhaoxin Chang, Jie Xiong, Junqi Ma, Jiazhi Ni, Wenbo Zhang, Beihong Jin, and Daqing Zhang. 2023. Embracing Consumer-level UWB-equipped Devices for Fine-grained Wireless Sensing. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 6, 4 (2023), 1--27.
    [60]
    Fusang Zhang, Jie Xiong, Zhaoxin Chang, Junqi Ma, and Daqing Zhang. 2022. Mobi2Sense: Empowering Wireless Sensing with Mobility. In Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking.
    [61]
    Fusang Zhang, Daqing Zhang, Jie Xiong, Hao Wang, Kai Niu, Beihong Jin, and Yuxiang Wang. 2018. From Fresnel Diffraction Model to FineGrained Human Respiration Sensing with Commodity Wi-Fi Devices. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 2, 1, Article 53 (mar 2018), 23 pages.
    [62]
    Mingmin Zhao, Yonglong Tian, Hang Zhao, Mohammad Abu Alsheikh, Tianhong Li, Rumen Hristov, Zachary Kabelac, Dina Katabi, and Antonio Torralba. 2018. RF-Based 3D Skeletons. In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication (SIGCOMM '18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 267--281.

    Index Terms

    1. Quantum Wireless Sensing: Principle, Design and Implementation
            Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.

            Recommendations

            Comments

            Information & Contributors

            Information

            Published In

            cover image ACM Conferences
            ACM MobiCom '23: Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking
            October 2023
            1605 pages
            ISBN:9781450399906
            DOI:10.1145/3570361
            This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License.

            Sponsors

            Publisher

            Association for Computing Machinery

            New York, NY, United States

            Publication History

            Published: 02 October 2023

            Check for updates

            Author Tags

            1. quantum wireless sensing
            2. rydberg atom
            3. low system noise
            4. fine sensing granularity

            Qualifiers

            • Research-article

            Funding Sources

            • Beijing Nova Program
            • Beijing Natural Science Foundation
            • National Natural Science Foundation of China
            • National Natural Science Foundation of China A3 Foresight Program
            • Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences
            • EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme IDEA-FAST

            Conference

            ACM MobiCom '23
            Sponsor:

            Acceptance Rates

            Overall Acceptance Rate 440 of 2,972 submissions, 15%

            Contributors

            Other Metrics

            Bibliometrics & Citations

            Bibliometrics

            Article Metrics

            • 0
              Total Citations
            • 1,865
              Total Downloads
            • Downloads (Last 12 months)1,865
            • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)86
            Reflects downloads up to 10 Aug 2024

            Other Metrics

            Citations

            View Options

            View options

            PDF

            View or Download as a PDF file.

            PDF

            eReader

            View online with eReader.

            eReader

            Get Access

            Login options

            Media

            Figures

            Other

            Tables

            Share

            Share

            Share this Publication link

            Share on social media