research-article

Gazealytics: A Unified and Flexible Visual Toolkit for Exploratory and Comparative Gaze Analysis

Authors:

Arnaud Prouzeau,

Joshua Langmead,

Ryan T Whitelock-Jones,

Christophe Hurter,

Daniel Weiskopf,

Sarah GoodwinAuthors Info & Claims

ETRA '23: Proceedings of the 2023 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

Article No.: 69, Pages 1 - 7

https://doi.org/10.1145/3588015.3589844

Published: 30 May 2023 Publication History

Abstract

We present a novel, web-based visual eye-tracking analytics tool called Gazealytics. Our open-source toolkit features a unified combination of gaze analytics features that support flexible exploratory analysis, along with annotation of areas of interest (AOI) and filter options based on multiple criteria to visually analyse eye tracking data across time and space. Gazealytics features coordinated views unifying spatiotemporal exploration of fixations and scanpaths for various analytical tasks. A novel matrix representation allows analysis of relationships between such spatial or temporal features. Data can be grouped across samples, user-defined AOIs or time windows of interest (TWIs) to support aggregate or filtered analysis of gaze activity. This approach exceeds the capabilities of existing systems by supporting flexible comparison between and within subjects, hypothesis generation, data analysis and communication of insights. We demonstrate in a walkthrough that Gazealytics supports multiple types of eye tracking datasets and analytical tasks.

References

[1]

Umair Afzal, Arnaud Prouzeau, Lee Lawrence, Tim Dwyer, Saikiranrao Bichinepally, Ariel Liebman, and Sarah Goodwin. 2022. Investigating Cognitive Load in Energy Network Control Rooms: Recommendations for Future Designs. Frontiers in Psychology 13 (2022).

[2]

Michael Behrisch, Benjamin Bach, Nathalie Henry Riche, Tobias Schreck, and Jean-Daniel Fekete. 2016. Matrix Reordering Methods for Table and Network Visualization. Computer Graphics Forum 35, 3 (2016), 693–716.

[3]

T. Blascheck, M. John, K. Kurzhals, S. Koch, and T. Ertl. 2016. VA2: A Visual Analytics Approach for Evaluating Visual Analytics Applications. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 22, 1 (2016), 61–70.

Digital Library

[4]

T. Blascheck, K. Kurzhals, M. Raschke, M. Burch, D. Weiskopf, and T. Ertl. 2014. State-of-the-Art of Visualization for Eye Tracking Data. In EuroVis – STARs, R. Borgo, R. Maciejewski, and I. Viola (Eds.). The Eurographics Association, 63–82.

[5]

T. Blascheck, K. Kurzhals, M. Raschke, M. Burch, D. Weiskopf, and T. Ertl. 2017. Visualization of Eye Tracking Data: A Taxonomy and Survey. Computer Graphics Forum 36, 8 (2017), 260–284.

[6]

Matthew Brehmer and Tamara Munzner. 2013. A Multi-Level Typology of Abstract Visualization Tasks. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 19, 12 (2013), 2376–2385.

Digital Library

[7]

Michael Burch. 2022. Eye Tracking and Visual Analytics. CRC Press.

[8]

Michael Burch, Ayush Kumar, and Neil Timmermans. 2019. An Interactive Web-Based Visual Analytics Tool for Detecting Strategic Eye Movement Patterns. In Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications. Article 93, 5 pages.

Digital Library

[9]

Michael Burch, Kuno Kurzhals, Niklas Kleinhans, and Daniel Weiskopf. 2018. EyeMSA: Exploring Eye Movement Data with Pairwise and Multiple Sequence Alignment. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications. Article 52, 5 pages.

Digital Library

[10]

Minghao Cai, Bin Zheng, and Carrie Demmans Epp. 2022. Towards Supporting Adaptive Training of Injection Procedures: Detecting Differences in the Visual Attention of Nursing Students and Experts. In Proceedings of the 30th ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization. 286–294.

Digital Library

[11]

Chunlei Chang, Benjamin Bach, Tim Dwyer, and Kim Marriott. 2017. Evaluating Perceptually Complementary Views for Network Exploration Tasks. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1397–1407.

Digital Library

[12]

Chunlei Chang, Tim Dwyer, and Kim Marriott. 2018. An Evaluation of Perceptually Complementary Views for Multivariate Data. In Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (PacificVis). IEEE, 195–204.

[13]

Kun-Ting Chen. 2022. It’s a Wrap! Visualisations that Wrap Around Cylindrical, Toroidal, or Spherical Topologies. arXiv preprint arXiv:2209.13251 (2022).

[14]

Kun-Ting Chen, Tim Dwyer, Kim Marriott, and Benjamin Bach. 2020. DoughNets: Visualising Networks Using Torus Wrapping. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Article 53, 11 pages.

Digital Library

[15]

Kun-Ting Chen, Quynh Quang Ngo, Kuno Kurzhals, Kim Marriott, Tim Dwyer, Michael Sedlmair, and Daniel Weiskopf. 2023. Reading Strategies for Graph Visualizations that Wrap Around in Torus Topology. arxiv:2303.17066 [cs.HC]

[16]

Christophe Hurter, Alexandru Telea, and Ozan Ersoy. 2011. MoleView: An Attribute and Structure-Based Semantic Lens for Large Element-Based Plots. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 17, 12 (2011), 2600–2609.

Digital Library

[17]

Ayush Kumar, Neil Timmermans, Michael Burch, and Klaus Mueller. 2019. Clustered Eye Movement Similarity Matrices. In Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications. Article 82, 9 pages.

Digital Library

[18]

Kuno Kurzhals, Michael Burch, Tanja Blascheck, Gennady Andrienko, Natalia Andrienko, and Daniel Weiskopf. 2017. A Task-Based View on the Visual Analysis of Eye-Tracking Data. In Eye Tracking and Visualization, Michael Burch, Lewis Chuang, Brian Fisher, Albrecht Schmidt, and Daniel Weiskopf (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 3–22.

[19]

Kuno Kurzhals, Brian Fisher, Michael Burch, and Daniel Weiskopf. 2016. Eye tracking evaluation of visual analytics. Information Visualization 15, 4 (2016), 340–358.

[20]

Kuno Kurzhals, Marcel Hlawatsch, Christof Seeger, and Daniel Weiskopf. 2016. Visual Analytics for Mobile Eye Tracking. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 23, 1 (2016), 301–310.

Digital Library

[21]

Tiffany C. K. Kwok, Peter Kiefer, Victor R. Schinazi, Benjamin Adams, and Martin Raubal. 2019. Gaze-Guided Narratives: Adapting Audio Guide Content to Gaze in Virtual and Real Environments. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Article 491, 12 pages.

Digital Library

[22]

Raphael Menges, Sophia Kramer, Stefan Hill, Marius Nisslmueller, Chandan Kumar, and Steffen Staab. 2020. A Visualization Tool for Eye Tracking Data Analysis in the Web. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications (ETRA ’20 Short Papers). Article 46, 5 pages.

Digital Library

[23]

Saul B. Needleman and Christian D. Wunsch. 1970. A General Method Applicable to the Search for Similarities in the Amino Acid Sequence of Two Proteins. Journal of Molecular Biology 48, 3 (1970), 443–453.

[24]

Karen Panetta, Qianwen Wan, Srijith Rajeev, Aleksandra Kaszowska, Aaron L Gardony, Kevin Naranjo, Holly A Taylor, and Sos Agaian. 2020. ISeeColor: Method for Advanced Visual Analytics of Eye Tracking Data. IEEE Access 8 (2020), 52278–52287.

[25]

Alex Poole and Linden J. Ball. 2006. Eye Tracking in HCI and Usability Research. In Encyclopedia of Human Computer Interaction. IGI global, 211–219.

[26]

Stanislav Pozdniakov, Roberto Martinez-Maldonado, Yi-Shan Tsai, Vanessa Echeverria, Namrata Srivastava, and Dragan Gasevic. 2023. How Do Teachers Use Dashboards Enhanced with Data Storytelling Elements According to their Data Visualisation Literacy Skills?. In LAK23: 13th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference. 89–99.

Digital Library

[27]

Anaïs Servais, Christophe Hurter, and Emmanuel J. Barbeau. 2022. Attentional switch to memory: an early and critical phase of the cognitive cascade allowing autobiographical memory retrieval. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/z32qe PsyArXiv.

[28]

Harri Siirtola, Tuuli Laivo, Tomi Heimonen, and Kari-Jouko Räihä. 2009. Visual Perception of Parallel Coordinate Visualizations. In Proceedings of the 2009 13th International Conference Information Visualisation. IEEE, 3–9.

Digital Library

[29]

Yao Wang, Mihai Bâce, and Andreas Bulling. 2021. Scanpath Prediction on Information Visualisations. arXiv preprint arXiv:2112.02340 (2021).

[30]

Yao Wang, Maurice Koch, Mihai Bâce, Daniel Weiskopf, and Andreas Bulling. 2022. Impact of Gaze Uncertainty on AOIs in Information Visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2022 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications. Article 60, 6 pages.

Digital Library

Cited By

Niehorster DNyström MHessels RAndersson RBenjamins JHansen DHooge I(2025)The fundamentals of eye tracking part 4: Tools for conducting an eye tracking studyBehavior Research Methods10.3758/s13428-024-02529-757:1Online publication date: 6-Jan-2025
https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-024-02529-7
Wang YJiang YHu ZRuhdorfer CBâce MBulling A(2024)VisRecall++: Analysing and Predicting Visualisation Recallability from Gaze BehaviourProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36556138:ETRA(1-18)Online publication date: 28-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3655613
Vriend SVidyapu SRama AChen KWeiskopf D(2024)Which Experimental Design is Better Suited for VQA Tasks?: Eye Tracking Study on Cognitive Load, Performance, and Gaze AllocationsProceedings of the 2024 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications10.1145/3649902.3653519(1-7)Online publication date: 4-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3649902.3653519

Index Terms

Gazealytics: A Unified and Flexible Visual Toolkit for Exploratory and Comparative Gaze Analysis
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Visualization
    1. Empirical studies in visualization
    2. Visualization systems and tools
      1. Visualization toolkits

Recommendations

Beyond gaze: preliminary analysis of pupil dilation and blink rates in an fMRI study of program comprehension
EMIP '18: Proceedings of the Workshop on Eye Movements in Programming

Researchers have been employing psycho-physiological measures to better understand program comprehension, for example simultaneous fMRI and eye tracking to validate top-down comprehension models. In this paper, we argue that there is additional value in ...
How late can you update gaze-contingent multiresolutional displays without detection?

This study investigated perceptual disruptions in gaze-contingent multiresolutional displays (GCMRDs) due to delays in updating the center of highest resolution after an eye movement. GCMRDs can be used to save processing resources and transmission ...
An interactive web-based visual analytics tool for detecting strategic eye movement patterns
ETRA '19: Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications

In this paper we describe an interactive and web-based visual analytics tool combining linked visualization techniques and algorithmic approaches for exploring the hierarchical visual scanning behavior of a group of people when solving tasks in a static ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

ETRA '23: Proceedings of the 2023 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

May 2023

441 pages

ISBN:9798400701504

DOI:10.1145/3588015

Editors:
Enkelejda Kasneci
Technical University Munich, Germany
,
Frederick Shic
University of Washington, USA
,
Mohamed Khamis
University of Glasgow, Scotland

Copyright © 2023 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 30 May 2023

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article
Research
Refereed limited

Conference

ETRA '23

Sponsor:

ETRA '23: 2023 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

May 30 - June 2, 2023

Tubingen, Germany

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 69 of 137 submissions, 50%

Upcoming Conference

ETRA '25

Sponsor:
sigchi
sigchi

2025 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

May 26 - 29, 2025

Tokyo , Japan

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

3
Total Citations
View Citations
130
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)61
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)6

Reflects downloads up to 20 Feb 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Niehorster DNyström MHessels RAndersson RBenjamins JHansen DHooge I(2025)The fundamentals of eye tracking part 4: Tools for conducting an eye tracking studyBehavior Research Methods10.3758/s13428-024-02529-757:1Online publication date: 6-Jan-2025
https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-024-02529-7
Wang YJiang YHu ZRuhdorfer CBâce MBulling A(2024)VisRecall++: Analysing and Predicting Visualisation Recallability from Gaze BehaviourProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36556138:ETRA(1-18)Online publication date: 28-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3655613
Vriend SVidyapu SRama AChen KWeiskopf D(2024)Which Experimental Design is Better Suited for VQA Tasks?: Eye Tracking Study on Cognitive Load, Performance, and Gaze AllocationsProceedings of the 2024 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications10.1145/3649902.3653519(1-7)Online publication date: 4-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3649902.3653519

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

HTML Format

View this article in HTML Format.

Figures

Tables

Media

View Table of Conten