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Semantic Encapsulation using Linking Types

Authors:

Daniel Patterson,

Amal AhmedAuthors Info & Claims

TyDe 2023: Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGPLAN International Workshop on Type-Driven Development

Pages 14 - 28

https://doi.org/10.1145/3609027.3609405

Published: 31 August 2023 Publication History

Abstract

Interoperability pervades nearly all mainstream language implementations, as most systems leverage subcomponents written in different languages. And yet, such linking can expose a language to foreign behaviors that are internally inexpressible, which poses a serious threat to safety invariants and programmer reasoning. To preserve such invariants, a language may try to add features to limit the reliance on external libraries, but endless extensions can obscure the core abstractions the language was designed to provide.

In this paper, we outline an approach that encapsulates foreign code in a sound way—i.e., without disturbing the invariants promised by types of the core language. First, one introduces novel linking types that characterize the behaviors of foreign libraries that are inexpressible in the core language. To reason about the soundness of linking, one constructs a realizability model that captures the meaning of both core types and linking types as sets of target-language terms. Using this model, one can formally prove when foreign behavior is encapsulated; that is, unobservable to core code. We show one way to discharge such proofs automatically by augmenting the compiler to insert verified encapsulation wrappers around components that use foreign libraries.

Inspired by existing approaches to FFIs, we develop a pair of case studies that extend a pure, functional language: one extension for state, and another for exceptions. The first allows us to implement mutable references via a library, whereas the second allows us to implement try and catch as library functions. Both extensions and the overall system are proven sound using logical relations that use realizability techniques.

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Cited By

Fowler SHaller PKuhn RLindley SScalas AVasconcelos V(2024)Behavioural Types for Heterogeneous Systems (Position Paper)Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science10.4204/EPTCS.401.4401(37-48)Online publication date: 6-Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.4204/EPTCS.401.4
Wagner AEisbach ZAhmed A(2024)Realistic Realizability: Specifying ABIs You Can Count OnProceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages10.1145/36897558:OOPSLA2(1249-1278)Online publication date: 8-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3689755
Fitzgibbons MParaskevopoulou ZMushtak NThalakottur MSulaiman Manzur JAhmed A(2024)RichWasm: Bringing Safe, Fine-Grained, Shared-Memory Interoperability Down to WebAssemblyProceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages10.1145/36564448:PLDI(1656-1679)Online publication date: 20-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3656444

Index Terms

Semantic Encapsulation using Linking Types
1. Software and its engineering
  1. Software notations and tools
    1. Formal language definitions
      1. Semantics
    2. General programming languages
      1. Language features
2. Theory of computation
  1. Semantics and reasoning
    1. Program reasoning
    2. Program semantics

Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.

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cover image ACM Conferences

TyDe 2023: Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGPLAN International Workshop on Type-Driven Development

August 2023

70 pages

ISBN:9798400702990

DOI:10.1145/3609027

General Chairs:
Youyou Cong
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
,
Pierre-Evariste Dagand
IRIF, France / CNRS, France

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Fowler SHaller PKuhn RLindley SScalas AVasconcelos V(2024)Behavioural Types for Heterogeneous Systems (Position Paper)Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science10.4204/EPTCS.401.4401(37-48)Online publication date: 6-Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.4204/EPTCS.401.4
Wagner AEisbach ZAhmed A(2024)Realistic Realizability: Specifying ABIs You Can Count OnProceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages10.1145/36897558:OOPSLA2(1249-1278)Online publication date: 8-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3689755
Fitzgibbons MParaskevopoulou ZMushtak NThalakottur MSulaiman Manzur JAhmed A(2024)RichWasm: Bringing Safe, Fine-Grained, Shared-Memory Interoperability Down to WebAssemblyProceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages10.1145/36564448:PLDI(1656-1679)Online publication date: 20-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3656444

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