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Optimizing binary trees grown with a sorting algorithm

Published: 01 February 1972 Publication History

Abstract

Items can be retrieved from binary trees grown with a form of the Algorithm Quicksort in an average time proportional to log n, where n is the number of items in the tree. The binary trees grown by this algorithm sometimes have some branches longer than others; therefore, it is possible to reduce the average retrieval time by restructuring the tree to make the branches as uniform in length as possible. An algorithm to do this is presented. The use of this algorithm is discussed, and it is compared with another which restructures the tree after each new item is added.

References

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Adel'son-Vel'skiy, G.M., and Landis, Ye.M. An algorithm for the organization of information. Doklady Akad. Nauk USSR Moscow 16, No. 2 (1962), 263-266. Also available in translation as U.S. Dept. of Commerce OTS, JPRS 17,137, Washington, D.C., and as NASA Document N63-11777.
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Foster, C.C. Information storage and retrieval using AVL trees. Proc. ACM 20th Nat. Conf. 1965, pp. 192-205.
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Hibbard, T.N. Some combinatorial properties of certain trees with applications to searching and sorting. J. ACM 6 (May 1963), 206-213.
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Hoare, C.A.R. Algorithm 63, Partition, and Algorithm 64, Quicksort. Comm. ACM 4, 7 (July 1961), 321.
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Knuth, D.E. The Art of Computer Programming, Vol. 1, Fundamental Algorithms. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass., 1968. Sec. 2.3.4.5.
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Knuth, D.E. Stanford Comput. Sci. Dept. Memo. Stanford U, Calif.
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Knott, Gary D. A balanced tree storage and retrieval algorithm. Proc. Symp. on Inform. Storage and Retrieval, Apr. 1971, ACM, pp. 175-196.

Cited By

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  • (2024)Sorting on Byte-Addressable Storage: The Resurgence of Tree StructureProceedings of the VLDB Endowment10.14778/3648160.364818517:6(1487-1500)Online publication date: 1-Feb-2024
  • (2016)Hybrid Recommendation System using Particle Swarm Optimization and User Access Based RankingProceedings of the International Conference on Informatics and Analytics10.1145/2980258.2980405(1-9)Online publication date: 25-Aug-2016
  • (2011)BibliographySorting10.1002/9781118032886.biblio(373-387)Online publication date: 26-Oct-2011
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Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 February 1972
Published in CACM Volume 15, Issue 2

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Author Tags

  1. global and local optimization
  2. recursion
  3. retrieving information from binary trees
  4. sorting

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Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Sorting on Byte-Addressable Storage: The Resurgence of Tree StructureProceedings of the VLDB Endowment10.14778/3648160.364818517:6(1487-1500)Online publication date: 1-Feb-2024
  • (2016)Hybrid Recommendation System using Particle Swarm Optimization and User Access Based RankingProceedings of the International Conference on Informatics and Analytics10.1145/2980258.2980405(1-9)Online publication date: 25-Aug-2016
  • (2011)BibliographySorting10.1002/9781118032886.biblio(373-387)Online publication date: 26-Oct-2011
  • (2009)A Survey on Maintaining Binary Search Tree in Optimal ShapeProceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Information Management and Engineering10.1109/ICIME.2009.128(365-369)Online publication date: 3-Apr-2009
  • (2006)Maintaining a Random Binary Search Tree DynamicallyProceedings of the conference on Information Visualization10.1109/IV.2006.72(483-488)Online publication date: 5-Jul-2006
  • (2005)Experiments with balanced-sample binary treesProceedings of the 36th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education10.1145/1047344.1047408(166-170)Online publication date: 23-Feb-2005
  • (2005)Experiments with balanced-sample binary treesACM SIGCSE Bulletin10.1145/1047124.104740837:1(166-170)Online publication date: 23-Feb-2005
  • (1999)General Balanced TreesJournal of Algorithms10.1006/jagm.1998.096730:1(1-18)Online publication date: 1-Jan-1999
  • (1996)A new method for updating and rebalancing tree-type main memory dictionariesNordic Journal of Computing10.5555/642143.6421453:2(111-130)Online publication date: 1-Jun-1996
  • (1994)A Unified Approach to Construct Search Trees in ParallelProceedings of the 1994 International Conference on Parallel Processing - Volume 0310.1109/ICPP.1994.48(222-226)Online publication date: 15-Aug-1994
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