research-article

Open access

Analysis of Product Architectures of Pin Array Technologies for Tactile Displays

Authors:

Tigmanshu Bhatnagar,

Albert Higgins,

Nicolai Marquardt,

Mark Miodownik,

Catherine HollowayAuthors Info & Claims

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Volume 7, Issue ISS

Article No.: 432, Pages 135 - 155

https://doi.org/10.1145/3626468

Published: 01 November 2023 Publication History

Abstract

Refreshable tactile displays based on pin array technologies have a significant impact on the education of children with visual impairments, but they are prohibitively expensive. To better understand their design and the reason for the high cost, we created a database and analyzed the product architectures of 67 unique pin array technologies from literature and patents. We qualitatively coded their functional elements and analyzed the physical parts that execute the functions. Our findings highlight that pin array surfaces aim to achieve three key functions, i.e., raise and lower pins, lock pins, and create a large array. We also contribute a concise morphological chart that organises the various mechanisms for these three functions. Based on this, we discuss the reasons for the high cost and complexity of these surface haptic technologies and infer why larger displays and more affordable devices are not available. Our findings can be used to design new mechanisms for more affordable and scalable pin array display systems.

Supplementary Material

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This is the presentation video of our paper which will be presented at ISS 2023. The video presents key visuals supporting the paper, the methods and details of our findings.

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Digital Library

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Received February 2023 ; accepted May 2023.

Cited By

Bhatnagar THolloway C(2024)PRET Printer: Development and Evaluation of a Passive Refreshable Tactile PrinterProceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCAS/SIGCHI Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies10.1145/3674829.3675070(156-166)Online publication date: 8-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3674829.3675070

Index Terms

Analysis of Product Architectures of Pin Array Technologies for Tactile Displays
1. Hardware
  1. Emerging technologies
    1. Analysis and design of emerging devices and systems
      1. Emerging architectures

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cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction Volume 7, Issue ISS

December 2023

482 pages

EISSN:2573-0142

DOI:10.1145/3554314

Editor:
Jeffrey Nichols
Apple, USA

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Copyright © 2023 Owner/Author.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

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Published: 01 November 2023

Published in PACMHCI Volume 7, Issue ISS

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Cited By

Bhatnagar THolloway C(2024)PRET Printer: Development and Evaluation of a Passive Refreshable Tactile PrinterProceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCAS/SIGCHI Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies10.1145/3674829.3675070(156-166)Online publication date: 8-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3674829.3675070

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