research-article

University Students’ Acceptance and Usage of Generative AI (ChatGPT) from a Psycho-Technical Perspective

Authors:

Lawal Ibrahim Dutsinma Faruk,

Unhawa Ninrutsirikun,

Debajyoti PalAuthors Info & Claims

IAIT '23: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Advances in Information Technology

Article No.: 15, Pages 1 - 8

https://doi.org/10.1145/3628454.3629552

Published: 06 December 2023 Publication History

Abstract

The emergence of ChatGPT as a generative AI tool has revolutionized the educational scenario by bringing in unprecedented changes. In this respect exploring the factors that affect the adoption and acceptance of ChatGPT services for educational purpose is of utmost importance. Accordingly, in this work we take a hybrid psycho-technical approach by considering the technological (perceived usefulness, ease of use and facilitating conditions), contextual (perceived humanness and novelty value), and psychological (agreeableness, extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism) gratifications of ChatGPT use. Data is collected from a sample of university students who use ChatGPT regularly across two Asian countries. The data analysis is done using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. Results indicate that among the technical factors only perceived usefulness successfully predicts ChatGPT usage. Both the contextual factors of humanness and novelty use significantly explain ChatGPT usage. Finally, among the psychological factors’ openness, agreeableness, and neuroticism determine the usage scenario, however, the later two are found to be negatively associated with ChatGPT usage.

References

[1]

Arpaci, I. 2022. Understanding the social sustainability of the Metaverse by integrating UTAUT2 and big five personality traits: A hybrid SEM-ANN approach. Technology in Society. 71, (Nov. 2022), 102120.

[2]

Brauner, P. 2023. What does the public think about artificial intelligence?—A criticality map to understand bias in the public perception of AI. Frontiers in Computer Science. 5, March 2015 (Mar. 2023).

[3]

Chen, Y. 2023. Artificial Intelligence (AI) Student Assistants in the Classroom: Designing Chatbots to Support Student Success. Information Systems Frontiers. 25, 1 (Feb. 2023), 161–182.

Digital Library

[4]

Cotton, D.R.E. 2023. Chatting and cheating: Ensuring academic integrity in the era of ChatGPT. Innovations in Education and Teaching International. (Mar. 2023), 1–12.

[5]

Crawford, J. 2023. Leadership is needed for ethical ChatGPT: Character, assessment, and learning using artificial intelligence (AI). Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice. 20, 3 (Mar. 2023).

[6]

Croes, E.A.J. and Antheunis, M.L. 2021. Can we be friends with Mitsuku? A longitudinal study on the process of relationship formation between humans and a social chatbot. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 38, 1 (Jan. 2021), 279–300.

[7]

Dutsinma, F.L.I. 2022. Personality is to a Conversational Agent What Perfume is to a Flower. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine. (2022), 1–1.

[8]

Dwivedi, Y.K. 2023. Opinion Paper: “So what if ChatGPT wrote it?” Multidisciplinary perspectives on opportunities, challenges and implications of generative conversational AI for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management. 71, March (Aug. 2023), 102642.

Digital Library

[9]

Foroughi, B. 2023. Determinants of Intention to Use ChatGPT for Educational Purposes: Findings from PLS-SEM and fsQCA. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction. 0, 0 (Jun. 2023), 1–20.

[10]

Gilson, A. 2023. How Does ChatGPT Perform on the United States Medical Licensing Examination? The Implications of Large Language Models for Medical Education and Knowledge Assessment. JMIR Medical Education. 9, (Feb. 2023), e45312.

[11]

Hair, J.F. 2019. When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review. 31, 1 (Jan. 2019), 2–24.

[12]

Hsu, C.-L. and Lin, J.C.-C. 2023. Understanding the user satisfaction and loyalty of customer service chatbots. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. 71, (Mar. 2023), 103211.

[13]

Joe, H. 2017. An updated and expanded assessment of PLS-SEM in information systems research. Industrial Management & Data Systems. 117, 3 (Jan. 2017), 442–458.

[14]

Khatri, J. 2022. Recognizing Personality Traits Using Consumer Behavior Patterns in a Virtual Retail Store. Frontiers in Psychology. 13, March (Mar. 2022), 1–17.

[15]

Lawal, F. 2022. Personality Is To A Conversational Agent What Perfume Is To A Flower. (2022).

[16]

Lim, W.M. 2023. Generative AI and the future of education: Ragnarök or reformation? A paradoxical perspective from management educators. The International Journal of Management Education. 21, 2 (Jul. 2023), 100790.

[17]

Liu, S. 2023. Using AI-generated suggestions from ChatGPT to optimize clinical decision support. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 30, 7 (Jun. 2023), 1237–1245.

[18]

Lo, C.K. 2023. What Is the Impact of ChatGPT on Education? A Rapid Review of the Literature. Education Sciences. 13, 4 (Apr. 2023), 410.

[19]

Ma, X. and Huo, Y. 2023. Are users willing to embrace ChatGPT? Exploring the factors on the acceptance of chatbots from the perspective of AIDUA framework. Technology in Society. 75, (Nov. 2023), 102362.

[20]

Maar, D. 2023. Fostering positive customer attitudes and usage intentions for scheduling services via chatbots. Journal of Service Management. 34, 2 (Mar. 2023), 208–230.

[21]

Pal, D. 2021. Exploring the Determinants of Users’ Continuance Usage Intention of Smart Voice Assistants. IEEE Access. 9, (2021), 162259–162275.

[22]

Pal, D. 2023. Intelligent Attributes of Voice Assistants and User's Love for AI: A SEM-Based Study. IEEE Access. 11, (2023), 60889–60903.

[23]

Pal, D. 2022. The effect of trust and its antecedents towards determining users’ behavioral intention with voice-based consumer electronic devices. Heliyon. 8, 4 (Apr. 2022), e09271.

[24]

Pal, D. 2020. To trust or not-trust: Privacy issues with voice assistants. IT Professional. 22, 5 (2020), 46–53.

[25]

Pal, D. 2023. What affects the usage of artificial conversational agents? An agent personality and love theory perspective. Computers in Human Behavior. 145, (Aug. 2023), 107788.

Digital Library

[26]

Perkins, M. 2023. Academic integrity considerations of AI Large Language Models in the post-pandemic era: ChatGPT and beyond. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice. 20, 2 (Feb. 2023).

[27]

Rohan, R. 2023. Applying the Stimulus Organism Response Framework to Explain Student's Academic Self-concept in Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic. S. Tiwari, eds. Springer Nature Singapore. 373–384.

[28]

Rohan, R. 2021. How Gamification Leads to Continued Usage of MOOCs? A Theoretical Perspective. IEEE Access. 9, (2021), 108144–108161.

[29]

Rohan, R. 2023. Student Personality, Motivation and Sustainability of Technology Enhanced Learning: A SEM-Based Approach. M. Singh, eds. Springer Nature Switzerland. 516–528.

[30]

Rohan, R. 2023. What Affects the Adoption of Metaverse in Education? A SEM-based Approach. 2023 20th International Joint Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE) (Jun. 2023), 448–453.

[31]

Roy, R. 2022. Evaluating the Intention for the Adoption of Artificial Intelligence-Based Robots in the University to Educate the Students. IEEE Access. 10, (2022), 125666–125678.

[32]

Schepman, A. and Rodway, P. 2020. Initial validation of the general attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence Scale. Computers in Human Behavior Reports. 1, (Jan. 2020), 100014.

[33]

Schuetzler, R.M. 2020. The impact of chatbot conversational skill on engagement and perceived humanness. Journal of Management Information Systems. 37, 3 (Jul. 2020), 875–900.

[34]

Sindermann, C. 2022. Acceptance and Fear of Artificial Intelligence: associations with personality in a German and a Chinese sample. Discover Psychology. 2, 1 (Dec. 2022), 8.

[35]

Strzelecki, A. 2023. To use or not to use ChatGPT in higher education? A study of students’ acceptance and use of technology. Interactive Learning Environments. (May 2023), 1–14.

[36]

Su, Y. 2023. Collaborating with ChatGPT in argumentative writing classrooms. Assessing Writing. 57, (Jul. 2023), 100752.

[37]

Sullivan, M. 2023. ChatGPT in higher education: Considerations for academic integrity and student learning. Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching. 6, 1 (Mar. 2023), 31–40.

[38]

Tabone, W. and de Winter, J. 2023. Using ChatGPT for human–computer interaction research: a primer. Royal Society Open Science. 10, 9 (Sep. 2023), 231053.

[39]

Tiwari, C.K. 2023. What drives students toward ChatGPT? An investigation of the factors influencing adoption and usage of ChatGPT. Interactive Technology and Smart Education. ahead-of-p, ahead-of-print (Aug. 2023).

[40]

Venkatesh 2012. Consumer Acceptance and Use of Information Technology: Extending the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. MIS Quarterly. 36, 1 (Apr. 2012), 157.

[41]

Wells, J.D. 2010. The Effect of Perceived Novelty on the Adoption of Information Technology Innovations: A Risk/Reward Perspective. Decision Sciences. 41, 4 (Nov. 2010), 813–843.

[42]

Xie, C. 2022. Does Artificial Intelligence Satisfy You? A Meta-Analysis of User Gratification and User Satisfaction with AI-Powered Chatbots. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction. (Sep. 2022), 1–11.

Cited By

Kubullek AKumaç NDogangün A(2024)Understanding the Adoption of ChatGPT in Higher Education: A Comparative Study with Insights from STEM and Business StudentsProceedings of Mensch und Computer 202410.1145/3670653.3677507(684-689)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3670653.3677507
Pal DSathapornvajana SFunilkul S(2024)Generative AI: How Well Can it Understand Conversational UX?2024 21st International Joint Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE)10.1109/JCSSE61278.2024.10613707(404-411)Online publication date: 19-Jun-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/JCSSE61278.2024.10613707
Norizan AMohamad Zamri M(2024)Visual Generative AI Tools Acceptance by Multimedia and Animation University Students2024 International Visualization, Informatics and Technology Conference (IVIT)10.1109/IVIT62102.2024.10692837(101-107)Online publication date: 7-Aug-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/IVIT62102.2024.10692837
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

University Students’ Acceptance and Usage of Generative AI (ChatGPT) from a Psycho-Technical Perspective

Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.

Recommendations

Personality and technology acceptance: the influence of personality factors on the core constructs of the Technology Acceptance Model

The Technology Acceptance Model TAM is one of the most used models in information science. Although several studies investigate the relationship between individual difference variables and TAM, none are conclusive about the relationship between ...
How student's personality traits affect Computer Based Assessment Acceptance: Integrating BFI with CBAAM

Researchers in the Information Systems (IS) field have put considerable effort on identifying how personality affects technology acceptance. This study is a further step towards this direction within the context of Computer Based Assessment (CBA). ...
Chinese university students' acceptance of MOOCs

At the start of a teaching revolution, Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) represent the latest stage in distance education, and offer open educational resources to students around the globe. With their growing popularity, this study examines the ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Other conferences

IAIT '23: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Advances in Information Technology

December 2023

303 pages

ISBN:9798400708497

DOI:10.1145/3628454

Copyright © 2023 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 06 December 2023

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article
Research
Refereed limited

Conference

IAIT 2023

IAIT 2023: 13th International Conference on Advances in Information Technology

December 6 - 9, 2023

Bangkok, Thailand

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 20 of 47 submissions, 43%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

6
Total Citations
View Citations
1,022
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)1,022
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)92

Reflects downloads up to 10 Oct 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Kubullek AKumaç NDogangün A(2024)Understanding the Adoption of ChatGPT in Higher Education: A Comparative Study with Insights from STEM and Business StudentsProceedings of Mensch und Computer 202410.1145/3670653.3677507(684-689)Online publication date: 1-Sep-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3670653.3677507
Pal DSathapornvajana SFunilkul S(2024)Generative AI: How Well Can it Understand Conversational UX?2024 21st International Joint Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE)10.1109/JCSSE61278.2024.10613707(404-411)Online publication date: 19-Jun-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/JCSSE61278.2024.10613707
Norizan AMohamad Zamri M(2024)Visual Generative AI Tools Acceptance by Multimedia and Animation University Students2024 International Visualization, Informatics and Technology Conference (IVIT)10.1109/IVIT62102.2024.10692837(101-107)Online publication date: 7-Aug-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/IVIT62102.2024.10692837
Faruk LBabakerkhell MMongkolnam PChongsuphajaisiddhi VFunilkul SPal D(2024)A Review of Subjective Scales Measuring the User Experience of Voice AssistantsIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2024.335842312(14893-14917)Online publication date: 2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3358423
Zhou TZhang C(2024)Examining Generative AI User Intermittent Discontinuance from a C-A-C PerspectiveInternational Journal of Human–Computer Interaction10.1080/10447318.2024.2376370(1-11)Online publication date: 10-Jul-2024
https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2024.2376370
Young JDawood LLewis S(2024)Chemistry Students’ Artificial Intelligence Literacy through their Critical Reflections of Chatbot ResponsesJournal of Chemical Education10.1021/acs.jchemed.4c00154101:6(2466-2474)Online publication date: 26-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.4c00154
Bubaš GČižmešija AKovačić A(2023)Development of an Assessment Scale for Measurement of Usability and User Experience Characteristics of Bing Chat Conversational AIFuture Internet10.3390/fi1601000416:1(4)Online publication date: 23-Dec-2023
https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16010004

View Options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

HTML Format

View this article in HTML Format.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Table of Contents