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Practical Challenges and Pitfalls of Bluetooth Mesh Data Collection Experiments with ESP32 Microcontrollers

Published: 10 December 2024 Publication History

Abstract

Testing network algorithms in physical environments using real hardware is essential to reduce the gap between theory and practice in the field and is an exciting way to explore technologies such as Bluetooth Mesh. We implemented a Bluetooth Mesh data collection strategy and deployed it in indoor and outdoor settings using ESP32 microcontrollers. We also implemented an alternative packet routing mechanism based on Bluetooth Mesh - MAM, which has already been discussed and simulated in previous work using the OMNET++ simulator. We compared the real-world ESP32 experiments with the past simulations, and the results differed significantly: the simulations predicted a +459% unique message collection compared to the results we obtained with the ESP32. MAM performed better than Bluetooth Mesh’s default relay strategy, with up to +4.06% more (unique) data messages collected. Based on this practical experience, we also identified vast room for improvement in our ESP32 mesh implementation, including improving memory efficiency and building better tooling for conducting outdoor experiments. We also discuss multiple challenges we experienced when implementing, deploying, and running benchmarks using Bluetooth Mesh and the ESP32 platform.

References

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Ugo Maria Colesanti, Carlo Crociani, and Andrea Vitaletti. 2007. On the Accuracy of Omnet++ in the Wireless Sensornetworks Domain: Simulation vs. Testbed. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Performance Evaluation of Wireless Ad Hoc, Sensor, and Ubiquitous Networks (Chania, Crete Island, Greece) (PE-WASUN ’07). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 25–31.
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Antonio de la Piedra, Francisco Benitez-Capistros, Federico Dominguez, and Abdellah Touhafi. 2013. Wireless sensor networks for environmental research: A survey on limitations and challenges. In Proceedings of IEEE Eurocon 2013. IEEE, Zagreb, Croatia, 267–274.
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Emanuele Giacomini, Francesco D’Alterio, Andrea Lacava, and Francesca Cuomo. 2020. BLUES: A Self-organizing BLE Mesh-network Paradigm for IoT Environments. In Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE 21st International Symposium on "A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks" (WoWMoM). IEEE, Cork, Ireland, 409–414.
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Diego Hortelano, Teresa Olivares, and M Carmen Ruiz. 2021. Providing interoperability in Bluetooth mesh with an improved provisioning protocol. Wireless Networks 27, 2 (2021), 1011–1033.
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Iynkaran Natgunanathan, Niroshinie Fernando, Seng W. Loke, and Charitha Weerasuriya. 2023. Bluetooth Low Energy Mesh: Applications, Considerations and Current State-of-the-Art. Sensors 23, 4 (2023).
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Marcelo Paulon J. V., Bruno José Olivieri de Souza, and Markus Endler. 2021. Opportunistic Routing towards Mobile Sink Nodes in Bluetooth Mesh Networks. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Wireless Networks and Mobile Systems - WINSYS,. INSTICC, SciTePress, Lieusaint - Paris, France, 67–75.
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Anne-Sophie Tonneau, Nathalie Mitton, and Julien Vandaele. 2015. How to choose an experimentation platform for wireless sensor networks? A survey on static and mobile wireless sensor network experimentation facilities. Ad Hoc Networks 30 (2015), 115–127.

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  1. Practical Challenges and Pitfalls of Bluetooth Mesh Data Collection Experiments with ESP32 Microcontrollers

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      cover image ACM Other conferences
      LADC '24: Proceedings of the 13th Latin-American Symposium on Dependable and Secure Computing
      November 2024
      283 pages
      ISBN:9798400717406
      DOI:10.1145/3697090
      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

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      Published: 10 December 2024

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      Author Tags

      1. data collection
      2. UAVs
      3. wireless sensor networks
      4. microcontrollers
      5. Bluetooth Mesh
      6. ESP32

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