Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
skip to main content
article

Minerva: An automated resource provisioning tool for large-scale storage systems

Published: 01 November 2001 Publication History
  • Get Citation Alerts
  • Abstract

    Enterprise-scale storage systems, which can contain hundreds of host computers and storage devices and up to tens of thousands of disks and logical volumes, are difficult to design. The volume of choices that need to be made is massive, and many choices have unforeseen interactions. Storage system design is tedious and complicated to do by hand, usually leading to solutions that are grossly over-provisioned, substantially under-performing or, in the worst case, both.To solve the configuration nightmare, we present minerva: a suite of tools for designing storage systems automatically. Minerva uses declarative specifications of application requirements and device capabilities; constraint-based formulations of the various sub-problems; and optimization techniques to explore the search space of possible solutions.This paper also explores and evaluates the design decisions that went into Minerva, using specialized micro- and macro-benchmarks. We show that Minerva can successfully handle a workload with substantial complexity (a decision-support database benchmark). Minerva created a 16-disk design in only a few minutes that achieved the same performance as a 30-disk system manually designed by human experts. Of equal importance, Minerva was able to predict the resulting system's performance before it was built.

    References

    [1]
    3COM CORP. 1996. Gigabit Ethernet comes of age. 3Com Corporation. Technology white paper.
    [2]
    ANSI. 1996. Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop. ANSI. Standard X3.272-1996.
    [3]
    AWERBUCH, B., BARTAL,Y.,AND FIAT, A. 1993. Competitive distributed file allocation. In Proceedings of the 25th ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC) (May 1993), pp. 164-73.
    [4]
    BOROWSKY, E., GOLDING, R., MERCHANT, A., SCHREIER, L., SHRIVER, E., SPASOJEVIC, M., AND WILKES,J. 1997. Using attribute-managed storage to achieve QoS. In Proceedings of the 5th Intl. Workshop on Quality of Service (June 1997).
    [5]
    CHU,P.AND BEASLEY, J. 1997. A genetic algorithm for the generalized assignment problem. Computers and Operations Research 24, 1, 17-23.
    [6]
    COFFMAN, E., GAREY, M., AND JOHNSON, D. 1984. Approximation algorithms for bin-packing: An updated survey. In G. AUSIELLO,M.LUCERTINI, AND P. SERAFINI Eds., Algorithm Design for Computer System Design, pp. 49-106. Springer-Verlag.
    [7]
    DOWDY,L.W.AND FOSTER, D. V. 1982. Comparative models of the file assignment problem. ACM Computing Surveys 14, 2 (June), 287-313.
    [8]
    DREXL, A. 1988. A simulated annealing approach to the multiconstraint zero-one knapsack problem. Computing 40, 1, 1-8.
    [9]
    GAREY,M.AND JOHNSON, D. 1979. Computers and intractability: a guide to the theory of NP-completeness. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco.
    [10]
    GELB, J. P. 1989. System managed storage. IBM Systems Journal 28, 1, 77-103.
    [11]
    HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY. 1998. Model 30/FC High Availability Disk Array-User's Guide. Hewlett-Packard Company. Pub. No. A3661-90001.
    [12]
    KUENNING, G. H. 1995. Kitrace-precise interactive measurement of operating systems kernels. Software-Practice and Experience 25, 1 (January), 1-21.
    [13]
    MENON,J.AND MATTSON, D. 1992. Performance of disk arrays in transaction processing environments. In Proceedings of the 12th ICDCS (June 1992), pp. 302-309.
    [14]
    MERCHANT,A.AND ALVAREZ, G. A. 2001. Disk array models in Minerva. Technical Report HPL-2001- 118 (April), Hewlett-Packard Laboratories. http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports.
    [15]
    MERCHANT,A.AND YU, P. S. 1996. Analytic modeling of clustered RAID with mapping based on nearly random permutation. IEEE Trans. Computers 45, 3, 367-373.
    [16]
    PATTERSON, D., GIBSON,G.,AND KATZ, R. 1988. A case for redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID). In Proc. ACM SIGMOD (1988), pp. 109-116.
    [17]
    PATTIPATI,K.R.AND WOLF, J. L. 1990. A file assignment problem model for extended local area network environments. In Proceedings of the 10th ICDCS (May 1990), pp. 554-61.
    [18]
    RUEMMLER,C.AND WILKES, J. 1993. Unix disk access patterns. In Proceedings of the Winter USENIX (Jan. 1993), pp. 405-420.
    [19]
    THOMASIAN,A.AND MENON, J. 1994. Performance analysis of RAID5 disk arrays with a vacationing server model for rebuild mode operation. In Proceedings of the 10th Intl. Conf. Data Eng. (Feb. 1994), pp. 111-119.
    [20]
    TOYODA, Y. 1975. A simplified algorithm for obtaining approximate solutions to zero-one programming problems. Management Science 21, 12 (Aug.), 1417-27.
    [21]
    TRANSACTION PROCESSING PERFORMANCE COUNCIL. 1992. TPC benchmark C, standard specification, revision 1.0. Transaction Processing Performance Council.
    [22]
    TRANSACTION PROCESSING PERFORMANCE COUNCIL. 1996. TPC benchmark D, standard specification, revision 1.2. Transaction Processing Performance Council.
    [23]
    TRICK, M. 1992. A linear relaxation heuristic for the generalized assignment problem. Naval Research Logistics 39, 137-51.
    [24]
    WOLF, J. 1989. The placement optimization program: a practical solution to the disk file assignment problem. In Proc. SIGMETRICS (May 1989), pp. 1-10.

    Cited By

    View all

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Transactions on Computer Systems
    ACM Transactions on Computer Systems  Volume 19, Issue 4
    November 2001
    106 pages
    ISSN:0734-2071
    EISSN:1557-7333
    DOI:10.1145/502912
    Issue’s Table of Contents

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 01 November 2001
    Published in TOCS Volume 19, Issue 4

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. Disk array
    2. RAID
    3. automatic design

    Qualifiers

    • Article

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)21
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)3

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)SkyPIE: A Fast & Accurate Oracle for Object PlacementProceedings of the ACM on Management of Data10.1145/36393102:1(1-27)Online publication date: 26-Mar-2024
    • (2023)Mimir: Finding Cost-efficient Storage Configurations in the Public CloudProceedings of the 16th ACM International Conference on Systems and Storage10.1145/3579370.3594776(22-34)Online publication date: 5-Jun-2023
    • (2022)BibliographyStorage Systems10.1016/B978-0-32-390796-5.00023-1(641-693)Online publication date: 2022
    • (2022)Heterogeneous Disk Arrays - HDAsStorage Systems10.1016/B978-0-32-390796-5.00019-X(565-591)Online publication date: 2022
    • (2019)Optimizing I/O Performance of HPC Applications with AutotuningACM Transactions on Parallel Computing10.1145/33092055:4(1-27)Online publication date: 8-Mar-2019
    • (2019)Decision-Making Approaches for Performance QoS in Distributed Storage Systems: A SurveyIEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems10.1109/TPDS.2019.2893940(1-1)Online publication date: 2019
    • (2019)Digital twin-driven joint optimisation of packing and storage assignment in large-scale automated high-rise warehouse product-service systemInternational Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing10.1080/0951192X.2019.166703234:7-8(783-800)Online publication date: 29-Sep-2019
    • (2019)Software-defined object storage in multi-tenant environmentsFuture Generation Computer Systems10.1016/j.future.2019.03.020Online publication date: Mar-2019
    • (2018)PocketProceedings of the 13th USENIX conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation10.5555/3291168.3291200(427-444)Online publication date: 8-Oct-2018
    • (2018)SelectaProceedings of the 2018 USENIX Conference on Usenix Annual Technical Conference10.5555/3277355.3277429(759-773)Online publication date: 11-Jul-2018
    • Show More Cited By

    View Options

    Get Access

    Login options

    Full Access

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media