A novel method based on measuring 2 × 2 pixel patterns provides halftone-algorithm independent color calibration for digital halftoning. The binary CMY(K) color signals can be mapped into CIE XYZ color space at the printer resolution level. Therefore, any binary CMY(K) color images can be described as continuous-tone images in standard color spaces. The new method has been successfully applied to halftone screen calibration, vector error diffusions, as well as stochastic screens.
Shen-ge Wang, "Algorithm-Independent Color Calibration for Digital Halftoning" in Proc. IS&T 4th Color and Imaging Conf., 1996, pp 75 - 77, https://doi.org/10.2352/CIC.1996.4.1.art00021