Urban Birds Using Insects on Front Panels of Cars
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Study Methods
3. Results
3.1. Species Observed, Their Distribution and Numbers
3.2. Habitats and Seasonality
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | 1971 | 1975 | 1984 | 1990 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 2000 | 2006 | 2007 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HS | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 19 | |||||
WW | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
EJ | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
ETS | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
HC | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
GT | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
EM | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
EBF * | 1 |
Species | Median Date | Date Ranges | N |
---|---|---|---|
House Sparrow | 17 July | 30 May–27 September | 46 |
White Wagtail | 26 July | 2 July–8 August | 5 |
Eurasian Magpie | 23 July | 1 | |
Hooded Crow | 26 July | 1 |
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Jokimäki, J.; Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki, M.-L. Urban Birds Using Insects on Front Panels of Cars. Birds 2023, 4, 15-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/birds4010002
Jokimäki J, Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki M-L. Urban Birds Using Insects on Front Panels of Cars. Birds. 2023; 4(1):15-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/birds4010002
Chicago/Turabian StyleJokimäki, Jukka, and Marja-Liisa Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki. 2023. "Urban Birds Using Insects on Front Panels of Cars" Birds 4, no. 1: 15-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/birds4010002