Seismic Performance of Cross-Shaped Partially Encased Steel–Concrete Composite Columns: Experimental and Numerical Investigations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Program
2.1. Specimens Design
2.2. Material Properties
2.3. Test Setup and Loading Protocols
3. Experimental Results and Discussion
3.1. Experimental Phenomena
3.2. Failure Modes
3.3. Load–Displacement (P-Δ) Hysteresis Curves and Skeleton Curves
3.4. Strength Degradation
3.5. Stiffness Degradation
3.6. Energy Dissipation
3.7. Strain Analysis
4. Finite Element Analyses
4.1. Establishment of the FE Model
4.2. Material Properties
4.3. Validations
4.4. Parametric Analysis
4.4.1. Load Ratio
4.4.2. Steel Yield Strength
4.4.3. Concrete Compressive Strength
4.4.4. Flange and Web Thickness
4.4.5. Sectional Aspect Ratio
4.4.6. Link Spacing
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Coupons | Yield Strength fy (MPa) | Ultimate Strength fu (MPa) | Elastic Modulus Es (GPa) | Elongation Δ (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
5 mm plate | 420.6 | 545.6 | 207.3 | 25.4 |
6 mm longitudinal rebars | 465.0 | 655 | 206.0 | 24.0 |
6 mm links | 460.0 | 650 | 205.0 | 23.0 |
Specimen ID | Direction | Yield Point | Peak Point | Ultimate Point | θu (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Δy (mm) | Py (kN) | Δmax (mm) | Pmax (kN) | Δu (mm) | Pu (kN) | ||||
CPEC-0.2 | + | 12.92 | 160.48 | 27.00 | 188.90 | 44.87 | 160.57 | 3.47 | 4.08 |
− | 12.13 | 161.05 | 27.36 | 190.00 | 48.58 | 161.50 | 4.00 | 4.42 | |
CPEC-0.35 | + | 12.51 | 174.85 | 21.90 | 199.14 | 42.97 | 169.27 | 3.44 | 3.91 |
− | 12.33 | 170.18 | 21.89 | 198.85 | 45.61 | 169.02 | 3.70 | 4.15 | |
CPEC-0.5 | + | 12.94 | 181.62 | 21.88 | 204.00 | 41.71 | 173.40 | 3.22 | 3.79 |
− | 12.86 | 191.93 | 21.88 | 211.15 | 43.76 | 179.48 | 3.40 | 3.98 |
Coupon ID | b × h × bf × tw × tf (mm) | fy (MPa) | fc (MPa) | n | s (mm) | NFE (kN) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CPEC-n-0.1 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 30 | 0.1 | 200 | 290.38 |
CPEC-n-0.2 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 30 | 0.2 | 200 | 279.82 |
CPEC-n-0.3 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 30 | 0.3 | 200 | 267.04 |
CPEC-n-0.4 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 30 | 0.4 | 200 | 249.74 |
CPEC-n-0.5 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 30 | 0.5 | 200 | 225.55 |
CPEC-n-0.6 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 30 | 0.6 | 200 | 190.99 |
CPEC-n-0.7 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 30 | 0.7 | 200 | 141.09 |
CPEC-n-0.8 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 30 | 0.8 | 200 | 91.79 |
CPEC-fy-235 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 235 | 30 | 0.3 | 200 | 204.15 |
CPEC-fy-355 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 30 | 0.3 | 200 | 267.04 |
CPEC-fy-420 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 420 | 30 | 0.3 | 200 | 298.04 |
CPEC-fy-460 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 460 | 30 | 0.3 | 200 | 316.65 |
CPEC-fc-30 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 30 | 0.3 | 200 | 267.04 |
CPEC-fc-40 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 40 | 0.3 | 200 | 284.44 |
CPEC-fc-50 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 50 | 0.3 | 200 | 301.72 |
CPEC-tf-6 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 6 × 6 | 355 | 30 | 0.3 | 200 | 188.89 |
CPEC-tf-10 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 30 | 0.3 | 200 | 267.04 |
CPEC-tf-12 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 12 × 12 | 355 | 30 | 0.3 | 200 | 304.81 |
CPEC-h/bf-2 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 30 | 0.3 | 200 | 267.04 |
CPEC-h/bf-2.5 | 500 × 500 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 30 | 0.3 | 200 | 364.10 |
CPEC-h/bf-3 | 600 × 600 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 30 | 0.3 | 200 | 476.08 |
CPEC-s-100 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 30 | 0.3 | 100 | 282.45 |
CPEC-s-200 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 30 | 0.3 | 200 | 267.04 |
CPEC-s-400 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 30 | 0.3 | 400 | 257.97 |
CPEC-1 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 30 | 0.1 | 200 | 290.38 |
CPEC-2 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 40 | 0.8 | 200 | 98.95 |
CPEC-3 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 40 | 0.5 | 200 | 241.56 |
CPEC-4 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 6 × 6 | 460 | 40 | 0.3 | 200 | 236.49 |
CPEC-5 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 12 × 12 | 355 | 50 | 0.3 | 200 | 338.77 |
CPEC-6 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 12 × 12 | 460 | 30 | 0.8 | 200 | 104.83 |
CPEC-7 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 6 × 6 | 235 | 30 | 0.5 | 200 | 135.25 |
CPEC-8 | 500 × 500 × 200 × 12 × 12 | 235 | 30 | 0.8 | 200 | 60.25 |
CPEC-9 | 600 × 600 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 50 | 0.1 | 200 | 572.43 |
CPEC-10 | 500 × 500 × 200 × 6 × 6 | 460 | 30 | 0.5 | 200 | 263.8 |
CPEC-11 | 600 × 600 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 235 | 40 | 0.3 | 200 | 405.32 |
CPEC-12 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 40 | 0.8 | 100 | 105.35 |
CPEC-13 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 235 | 50 | 0.3 | 100 | 254.24 |
CPEC-14 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 355 | 40 | 0.1 | 400 | 300.54 |
CPEC-15 | 400 × 400 × 200 × 10 × 10 | 460 | 30 | 0.5 | 400 | 246.54 |
Parameters | Degree of Freedom, f | Sum of Squares, SSA | Variance, VA | F Value | Contribution (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 3 | 107,586 | 35,862 | 132.9 | 33.34 |
fy (MPa) | 2 | 24,475 | 12,237 | 45.4 | 11.38 |
fc (MPa) | 2 | 6239 | 3120 | 11.6 | 2.90 |
tf (mm) | 2 | 9784 | 4892 | 18.1 | 4.55 |
h/bf | 2 | 101,648 | 50,824 | 188.4 | 47.25 |
s (mm) | 2 | 709 | 355 | 1.3 | 0.33 |
Error | 20 | 5396 | 270 | N/A | 0.25 |
Total | 34 | 255,836 | N/A | N/A | 100.00 |
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Xu, Q.; Liu, Y.; Wang, J. Seismic Performance of Cross-Shaped Partially Encased Steel–Concrete Composite Columns: Experimental and Numerical Investigations. Buildings 2024, 14, 1932. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14071932
Xu Q, Liu Y, Wang J. Seismic Performance of Cross-Shaped Partially Encased Steel–Concrete Composite Columns: Experimental and Numerical Investigations. Buildings. 2024; 14(7):1932. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14071932
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Qiuyu, Yong Liu, and Jingfeng Wang. 2024. "Seismic Performance of Cross-Shaped Partially Encased Steel–Concrete Composite Columns: Experimental and Numerical Investigations" Buildings 14, no. 7: 1932. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14071932